CENTIMETERS
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ISBN 978-0-88692-887-2
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r
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PATENT SERIES PATENT APPLICATION FOLIOS
Patent Series Patent Application Files
Folio # 1 01 3 Electric Safety-Lantern
U.S. Patent#: 1266779
Primary Applicant: Edison, Thomas A Date Executed: 10/13/1914
November 1, 1917
Mr. Edison:-
Your, application Serial No. 866,943, filed October 16, 1914 and entitled Electric Safety lanterns, has been allowed. This application relates to a miner's safety lamp in which a
vacuum is maintained in the lamp oasing, and comprising an ar¬ rangement whereby, if the vacuum in such casing is destroyed, the oirouit through the lamp is automatically broken.
Kindly advise whether you wish the United States rights to this application assigned to Edison Storage Battery Company, retaining the foreign rights yourself, as usual, or whether you wish to retain all rights in this application,
tv
y\
A
Mr. Edison:
5-frv
Referring to your notation "Assign all to Battery .on my memorandum to you of the 1st inst.. attaohe-d hereto, do yj not think it advisable to assign only the United States rights in this application to Edison Storage Battery Company and to retain the foreign rights yourself, instead of assigning all rights to the Battery Company? This has been the practice right along with reference to inventions relating to storage batteries, and a departure from this practice might lead to confusion in the futuri
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tecember 12, 1917.
PdUo A -
Mr. Charles
e.
Referring to the attached memoranda, the principal ob¬ jection to assigning both the United States and foreign rights
in Mr. Edison's application relating to Eleotrio Safety lanterns to Edison Storage Battery Company is as follows :-
X understand that Mr. Edison wishes to be in a position to negotiate and enter into agreements in any foreign country with reference to the inventions disclosed in all patents assigned to the Battery Company, in his own name and independently of the Battery Company. For this reason, the foreign rights to the in¬ ventions disclosed in all United States patents and applications owned by the Battery Company have heretofore been retained by or 4 assigned to Mr. Edison. In this connection I beg to advise that
some time ago when it was discovered that Mr. Edison had assigned to the Battery Company the foreign rights in certain of his early storage battery inventions, these rights were at once reassigned
to Mr. Edison. Should we depart from this practice in the case of the application under consideration, it would, of course, be necessary for the Battery Company to figure in any negotiations involving foreign rights to the invention disclosed in such ap¬ plication.
for. (Sr
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Patent Series
Patent Application Files
Composition of Matter for Sound-Records or the Like and Process of Making the Same
U.S. Patent#: 1342326
Primary Applicant: Edison, Thomas A
Date Executed: 8/21/1915
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IN RE: APPLICATION 47520
Filed August 26, 1915 COMPOSITION OP MATTER.
The above application relates to the condensation of shpllac by paraphenylenediamine, C6 H4 (N Hg)2, to form a hard composition insoluble in ordinary solvents.
(1) Can other condensing agents he used? If
(2) Is it old \ If so, what?
_ — ' f 3 ) Can all amlmo bases be used for c
shellac^-— 'If not, what ones can?
(4) Can aniline,, Ce H5 H Hg, be used to condense
_ . . la-%. V«
shellac? — J v ^
(5) Is the condensation product formed which is insoluble, hard and will not melt a new one as far as you know? — — »
(6) Does the term "ordinary solvents" above mean ordinary solvents for shellac?
(7) To produce the condensation, is the prosence
of Cg H4 (N Hg ) g sufficient without the addition of such substances as formaldehyde or hexa-methylene amin? -1" I
(8) Comment on the use of shellac and aniline in J
the British patent to Berend in the file. Note the mixture has several substances besides the two above mentioned. Note
-2-
also that the mixture is only heated to about 70° C.
To what temperature at least must our composition be heated to condense the shellac?
It may be stated that all claims specifying pura- phenylenediamine have been allowed.
CHAS.^^CESIER
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Patent Series Patent Application Files
Folio# 1038 Projectile
U.S. Patent#: 1297294
Primary Applicant: Edison, Thomas A
Date Executed: 1/11/1916
Patent Series
Patent Application Files
Folio# 1037 U.S. Patent#:
Method and Means for Improving the Rendition of Musical Compositions
1323218
Primary Applicant: Edison, Thomas A Date Executed: 1/12/1916
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Patent Series Patent Application Files
Folio #1041 Projectile (Case A)
U.S. Patent#: 1300709
Primary Applicant: Edison, Thomas A Date Executed: 2/4/1916
\
Mr.
Edison:-
May 7, 1917
POLIO 1041
I am senfling you herewith application Polio 1041 which is one of the three applications prepared about a year ago covering improvements in Projectiles. This application has been allowed. Will you kindly advise me as to the following:
Pirst: Do you wish any foreign applications files os' the invention covered in this application?
Second: Do you wish this applicati^r
so , to whom?
Third: When do you wish the final fee paid on this ap-
Licirti|i? sJh&gU^ a^T°if
plication?
With reference to the question of assigning this appli¬ cation, I recall that when the same was prepared you mentioned that you might assign the same to the United States Government. If you do not wish to do so at this time, the patent can, of course, be
Mr. Meadoworoft:
October 16, 1917
Will you kindly bring the attached papers to Mr.
December 7, 1918
Mr. Edison: -
POLIOS 1028. 1041 and 1042
I am sending you herewith three applications of yours relating to projectiles, all of which have been allowed. Some time ago you directed me to keep these applications in the Pat¬ ent Office until after the war, or as long as possible.
How that the war is over, will you kindly advise me whether you wish the patents taken out or the applications abandoned. In the case of two of these applications, namely, Folios 1038 and 1042, it will be necessary in order to obtain the patents merely to pay the final fees. Application Polio 1041, however, has been allowed to forfeit with the intention of filing a renewal thereof about January 1, 1919, and in order to obtain a patent on this allowed application it will be nec¬ essary to pay a renewal filing fee of $15.00 in addition to the final fee.
In case you decide to take out the patents, do you wish | the same assigned to the United States Government or to retain /the title thereto?
William A. Hardy
Patent Series Patent Application Files
Folio # 1 042 Projectile (Case B)
U.S. Patent#: 1300708
Primary Applicant: Edison, Thomas A Date Executed: 2/5/1916
Patent Series
Patent Application Files
Folio # 1 045 Production of Potassium Chloride
Primary Applicant: Edison, Thomas A
Date Executed: 5/1 8/1916
Folio No...YQ.^S
Serial NoS..S..%f..^>J .
Applicant.
.
.
pfl^^Npvvi*^, T.% iVM’U. . Examiner’s Room No.
Assignee . .
Ass’g’t Exec . . Recorded . . . Liber . Page
Patent No. Issued . .
ACTIONS.
1 Locj.^^0^ CLkx. o aA i 6 - ■
U x \°v 1 7 \j A- _
4 _ _ _ ... _ .: . _J!_ . . . . 19 . . . . — . .
5 . vfc^. 20 . , .
6 . . . - 21 . . .
t..i i . . 22 . ; A.
8 . 23 . . L^;V. ' .
9 . ; . 24 . . . . .:. / . r .
io . . . : . 25 . ':..., . .
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13 . 28 . r
. 14. . .. . . . 29 . . . : .
15 . . . . . , ' 30 . . . . - . .
DYER & HOLDEN,
Jfctittim.
So tljr (UnmmiBBinnrr nf patent a :
four JJptitionpr BH0UAs a. EDISON
a ritigrn nf tip Unitrii g-tatra, reading anil Ijaning a float ©ffirc abiirraB at
Llewellyn Pari:, ’.Vest Orange , K3tiex County, New Jersey
jjraga tliat Irttrra patrnt mag br grantrii tn l)itn far tip improtirmrnta in the
PRODUCTION OP POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
apt fortlj in tip annrxrii aprrifiration; anil Ijp Iprrbg appoints Igpr & ^olbpn (fipgiatration No. 3244) a firm rontpnapii nf 3Frank 53. Bgpr anil IpIob ^nlbpn, uiIjobp aiHirraa ia Sbiaon ©fiicp luiliiing. ©rang?, Npiu Jrrarij, Ijia attnrnpga. uiitlj full potorr nf anbatitutinn anil rpuoration, tn proaprute tliia appliration, to makp altpratinna anil ampniiinpnta tlprpin, tn rprpinp tip patpnt anil to tranaart all buainpaa in tip flatrnt ©ffirp ronnprtpii tlprruritlf.
SPECIFICATION.
I) AIL V/HOM IT MAY CONCERN:
• BE IT KNOWN, that I, THOMAS A.
31 SON, a citizen of the United States and a resident of . Lewellyn Park, West Orange. Essex County, New Jersey, have ivented certain new and useful improvements in the PRODHC- [ON OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, Of which the following is a ascription.
' The objeot of my invention is to rovide an improved process and apparatus for extracting the otassium of potassium- containing silicates, such as potash el spar .
$ - Briefly stated, the invention
onsists in mixing finely'divided potash felspar or other uitable potassium containing silicate and sodium chloride ,r oommon salt and heating the mixture above the melting )0int of fche salt: t0 oaas® a r9aotlon thereby potassium shloride and what appears to be a soda feldspar are formed.
^ excess of the sodium chloride or salt above that theoratl- H^Iy required” to complete the reaction, is; employed so as to p^otl a very intimate contact between the salt and the felspar and to facilitate the reactien. During the reaction some of the potassium chloride and sodium chloride are volatilized. A solution is made from the products of vola¬ tilization, and a second solution > is formed by leaching the potassium chloride and the excess of sodium chloride from the| fused mass formed in the kiln or other heater in which re¬
action takes place.
In order to separate the sodium chloride from the potassium chloride, the solutions above | 1/ name/ are heated and boiled down, whereby the sodium chloride,
whose solubility decreases with increasing temperature, crystallizes out of the solution. The potassium chloride increases in solubility with increased temperature and re- mains dissolved in the hot solution. By running the hot solution quickly through a filter, the crystallized sodium chloride may be readily filtered off. The filtrate is now allowed to oool, whereupon the potassium chloride crystall¬ izes therefrom. The potassium chloride crystals thus ob¬ tained may be further purified by soaking them in cold water which removes the sodium chloride still mixed therewith, potassium ohloride not being very soluble in cold water, especially in the presence of sodium chloride.
S In order that this invention may
|| he more clearly understood, attention is direoted to the accompanying drawing firming a part of this Specification and || m whioh figure 1 is a central vertical view, partly in elevation and partly in cross section of one form of j apparatus employed by me in connection with this invention, and
A
on line 2, a of figure 1.
In both the views like parts are
designated by the same reference numerals.
Referring to the drawing, the
numeral 1 designates a kiln, mounted for rotation on rollers,
2 and 3 which support the kiln in inclined position. The kiln my be rotated by^ suitable motor 3’ which drives rack
3 " surrounding the kiln. The material to be heated is fed into the upper end of the kiln through a hopper 4. and fuel, such as pulverized coal, is injected into the lower end of
I -2-
I the kiln through a nozzle 5. A suitable construction of nozzle and fuel feeding apparatus is shown in my United States Patent Ho. 1,106,444. The upper end of the kiln ex¬ tends and fits comparatively closely into an absorption chamber 6, the end of thiB chamber remote from the kiln hav¬ ing connected thereto a blower 7, whereby through suction a draft may be created through the absorption chamber and kiln The ”b lower, as Bhown, is driven by a motor 6. Extending across the absorption chamber about midway between the ends thereof are a plurality of vertical series of baffles 9.
These baffles extend all the way across and from the top to substantially the bottom of the absorption chamber, leading into the said chamber above the baffles are a plurality of water inlets or pipes 10, through which water from a reservoij j 11 com be supplied to the said chamber. A pump 12, serves to draw the water from the said reservoir through pipe 11'
| and to force the same through pipe connection 13 into the inlets 10. , The lower end of the absorption chamber is provid ed with an outlet 14, provided with two branches 16 and 16, which are respectively connected to reservoirs 17 and 18.
| ValveB 19 and 20, serve to effect the opening aid closing of
I the branches 16 aid 16 respectively. The reservoirs 17 and 18 are provided with outlets 21 ani 22 controlled by valves 23 and 24 respeotively.From the outlets 21 and 22 above the valves 23 and 24 extern pipes 26 and 26 respectively, these pipes leading through connections 27,28,29 and 50 to pipe 11 A valve 31 for closing the pipe 11' is located in the latt “ between the connection 30 aid the reservoir 11. The numeral 32 designates an inlet for the reservoir 11. Valves 33 and 34 are located in aid permit the closing of pipes 26 and 26 respectively. The apparatus described above permits the
supplying of water from the reservoir 11, through the ab¬ sorption chamber and into either reservoir 17 or 18. She reservoir 11 may also be shut off by means of valve 31 and the solution in either reservoir 17 and 18 circulated through the same and the absorption chamber. If it is desired to so circulate the solution from reuervoir 17. valves 19 and " are opened ahd valves/2o’, 34*and 31 closed. She solution then passes from the reservoir 17 through pipes 85,87,88,29,30,
11', pump 12, pipe connection 13, inlets 10, over the bafflei in the absorption . chamber, ani through the pipes 14 and 15 back to the reservoir 17. If it is desired to circulate thej solution from the reservoir g18 the valves 20 and 34 are opened, and the valves^,’ 33 ’and 31 closed. She solution then passes from reservoir 18 through pipes 26, 27, 88,29,
11', pump 12, connection 13, inlets 10, over the baffles in absorption chamber, and through the pipes 14 and 16 back t® the reservoir 18. A pipe 35 leading^from the reservoir con- taining the solution extracted from the fuBed mass from the kiln is connected to the outlet 14 above the branches 15 and 1 16.
In carrying out the invention the felspar or other suitable potassium containing silicate is first passed through a crusher and the crushed material is ^ then ground to a rather fine powder, fhis powder is then ' Lixed with sodium chloride and water to form a paste which is ^ [hen formed into small briquette. The valves 31 and either Live 19 or 80 being -open and all of the other valves closed. Lnd the kiln 1. pump 12,- and blower 7 having been started Into operation, these briquette are fed into the [through the hopper 4. Ehe temperature J.n^the-kilnjhould
preferably -be^betweenJ50^dagrees^aed 2000jlegree8 Pahren-
II halt. As herin before stated, the sodium chloride should he rirTexaeaB of the amount required theoretically for the re. action, equal amounts of feldspar and sodium chloride being preferably used for a 10# Botash Bel/spar - By a 10# potash felspar is meant one in which the potassium content is I ^equivalent to the potassium in an amount of potassium oxide T(Kj’p) weighing 10# of the weight of the feldspar. During I this operation the reaction between the felspar and the
sodium chloride takes place as hereinbefore stated and fumes of potassium chloride and sodium chloride pass through the kiln and into the absorption chamber 6, the blower 7 serving to maintain the desired draft. She water passing into the | absorption chambeTl^ the inlet* 10, forms a plurality of substantially continuous sheets in which the products c£
volatilization are absorbed, the solution thus farmed pass¬ ing through the outlet 14 and into one of the tanks reservoirs 17 or IB. When this tank or reservoir is sub. stantially filled with solution the valve 31 is shut off and the solution in the reservoir is circulated through the ab. sorption chamber until a strong solution is obtained. Shis, reservoir is then shut off, whereupon the same operations may be repeated with the other of the reservoirs 17, 18 in
I use.
The fused mass or residue from the
II lower end oft the kiln 1 is passed through a crushing machine and the sodium and potassium chloride extracted therefrom in the form of a solution, as by leaching. Shis solution may be
|| admitted through the pipe 35 into .'.either reservoir 17 or 18, - it may be passed directly into an evaporator and treated 3 hereinafter described for the strong solutions from the II said reservoirs
-6-
The Btrong solutions from the reser¬
voirs IV and 18 together with that obtained from the fused mass from the kiln are evaporated in any suitable evaporator, this operation being performed at a sufficiently high tem¬ perature to oause the sodium chloride to crystallize while potassium chloride remains in solution. The sodium chloride is filtered from the solution by any suitable filter, the filtrate being run into a orystallizing pan and permitted to cool, vhereby the potassium chloride is caused to crystallize For the further purification for the crystals thus formed, the potassium chloride may be packed into a tank and soaked for several hours in cold water. This operation dissolves out the remaining sodium ohloride without oausing much of the potassium ohloride, which is not very Boluble in cold water , in the presence of sodium ohloride, to paBB into the solution In this manner a very pure product is obtained.
While I have described the preferred embodiment of my invention, many modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of my invention.
^ What I claim (is; new and desire to
protect by Patent of the United States, is as follows:
1. The method of manufacturing ' ' potassium ohloride which comprises mixing a potash felspar and sodium chloride and heating the same to a temperature above the melting point of the Bodium chloride, substantially as set forth.
2. The method of manufacturing potassium chloride whioh comprises mixing potash feldspar and sodium ohloride, the Bodium ohloride being in excess of th(3 amount theoretically necessary for complete reaction with the feldspar, aid heating the mixture to a temperature
-6-
above the melting point of the sodium chloride, substantiall; as set forth.
3. I he method of manufacturing potassium chloride whioh comprises mixing a potash feldspar and sodium chloride, forming volatile potassium ohloride by1 heating the said mixture, and forming a solution from the volatile potassium ohloride, substantially as set forth.
4. The method of manufacturing potassium ohloride whioh comprises mixing a potaBh feldBpar and sodium ohloride, the sodium ohloride being in excess of the amount theoretically necessary for complete reaction with the feldspar, heating the mixture to oauso the feldspar and sodium ohloride to react whereby there is formed a mixtu: of potassium chloride and of sodium chloride, and separating the sodium chloride from the potassium chloride, substan¬ tially as set forth.
5. The method of manufacturing potassium ohloride whioh comprises mixing a potash feldspar and sodium chloride, the sodium chloride being in excess of the amount theoretically necessary for complete reaction with the feldspar, heating the mixture to cause the feldspar sodium ohloride to react, forming a solution of tho potassium ohloride thus produced and of the excess sodium ohloride, and separating the sodium chloride from tho potassium ohloride in the solution substantially as sot forth-.
6. The method of manufacturing potassium ohloride, which comprises mixing a potash feldspar and, sodium ohloride, heating the mixture to cause the in.
-7-
!
solid, mass containing
gradients thereof to raaot, and form a potassium obloride and extracting the potassium chloride from the solid mass remaining after the reaction, substan¬ tially as set forth.
V. The method of manufacturing ,)/ potassium ohlorlde, which ' comprises mixing a potash f eld spa and sodium chloride, heating the. same to cause the ingred¬ ients of the mixture to react and to form volatile potassiua chloride and a solid residue containing potassium chloride, and obtaining a solution of potassium chloride from the residue ana from the products of volatilization thus obtain id,
substantially as set forth.
0. The method of manufacturing potassium chloride which comprises mixing a potash feldspaxl i sodium chloride, the sodium ohlorlde being in excess of the| amount theoretically necessary for complete reaction with the feldspar, heating the mixture, causing the seme to react and form volatile potassium ohloride and sodium chloride anl a residue containing potassium chloride and sodium chloride, forming from the residue and from the volatile products thus obtained a solution of potassium chloride and sodium ohloride, and separating the sodium chloride from the potassium ohloride in the solution, substantially as set forth.
9; The method of manufacturing potassium ohloride whioh comprises mixing a potash feldspar and sodium ohloride, the Bodium ohloride being in excess of the amount theoretically necessary for complete reaction '/with the feldspar ^heating , the mixture to cause same to react wt th the formation of a solid mass containing potassium
6'
chloride and sodium chloride, extracting the potassium chloride and the sodium chloride from the solid mass thus obtained, and separating the sodium chloride from the potassium chloride, substantially as set forth.
10. The method of manufacturing potassium chloride which comprises mixing a potassium con¬ taining silioate and sodium chloride and heating the mixture to a temperature above the melting point of the sodium chloride, substantially as set forth.
C$>
11. Ihe apparatus of the class
described, the combination of a haater, an absorption chamber connected to said heater, and meaifB for passing a stream of water through said chamber, substantially as described.
12. In Apparatus of the class
described, the combination of a/heater, an absorption cham¬ ber connected thereto, baffleBtin said chamber, and means for passing a stream of water through said chamber over said baffles, substantially as described.
13. /in apparatus of the class
described, the combination op.' a heater, an absorption cham- r bar connected thereto, meaim for passing a stream of water through said chamber, and means for creating a draft through said heater and chamber, et lbstantially as described.
jfl4. In apparatus of the class ^ described, the combinatjJbn of a rotary heater, an absorption chamber connected thereto, means for passing a stream of water through said ohamber and means for creating a draft through said heater and chamber, substantially as described.
-9-
v^\
16. id apparatus of the ciaBS
I described. the combination of a Notary heater, means for supplying to said heater the material to be heated, aid an absorption chamber connected wi/h said heater, baffles in said chamber, means for passing a stream of water through said chamber over Bald baffles/, and means for creating a draft through said heater a nd| chamber, substantially as described.
/l6. In apparatus of the olaBs | described, the combination fof a heater, means for supplying „o said heater the materia/ to be heated, and an absorption
I chamber connected with safe .heater, baffles in said chamber, means for passing a strain of water through said chamber over said baffles, and Jeans for creating a draft through said heater and chamber J, substantially as described.
01, is apeciftration aigneb anb mitneaaeb Una I % bag nVW^ 191
^~VL^ Cl. ^4^S±: -
Iflititraara :
GDatlj.
§tate of to 3rraru ) ^
(Gnuntg of Eaaex )
r,Toro. , the abnoe nameb
aiOMif! a. r.Diaon 1
prttnmvr. being bulg omorn, bepoaea anb aaga tl,at l,e is a ritifen of % Imtab
Statea, anb a reaibent nf uewellyn Parle, vie at orange, Essex County, Hew Jersey
tt,at l,e wrilg belteuea Ijiutaelf ta bp tl,p original, brat a«b anlp inoentnr af tl,p impronementa in the
PR0DU0TX0H OP POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
bpambpb aub tlaimpb in tl,p mutexeb opacification; tl,at 1,p bapa not Kama attb bnaa not beliene tl,at tl,e aamp uma pupp lutmmt ar uapb bpfarp l,ia btoention nr biarnurrg tl,prpaf: ar patpntpb ar bearribeb in anU priutrb pnbhratiou in tl,p llnitrb Statea af America ar ana foreign rountru brfare l,ia inarnttan nr biatnurru tljerenf, ar more tl,an two tjeara prior to tljia appliratinn; nr patpntrb in ana rnnntra fareiSn ta tl,r Initeb States an an application filrb mare tl,an tutelar mnntlja prior tn tljia application; or in public nap nr nn sale m tl,p Initrb Statea for more tlian turn geara prior tn tbia applicattnn; anb tl,at nn application for patent upon aaib innpntinn I,aa been fileb bg l}im or l,ia legal repreaentatioea nr aaaigna in ang foreign countrg.
AiUv o CL .
Smnrn tn anb aubacribeb before me tl,ia H bay of 191 ^
[Seal]
Notary public.
Paper No.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON
€^TENr
AIIR 18 |
^4}! l
...J3y.ox...fe.Jlftld..en4.... .
.
Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of the application t ■pY.nrinn'hion of -Ep-ti»aalum...Ox3,-Qxt-49.t- - -
Oomminiontr of Patents. 0
In the epeoifioation and claime "pptaoh feUopap" would hotter he potaeeium feldspar. Division is required between olain®
1 to 10 inoluaive to the proceoe and claims 11 to 16 inclusive to the
apparatus.
AB a rcoult of a ouroory search the following references
Newberry,' 1,121^2, Deo. 15, 1914, (23-22-43X) Baooott, 1,072,686, Sept» 9f 1913,
Acting Examiner, niv. 6
/
IH THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE
I Thomas A. Edison PRODUCTION OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
Filed May 23, 1916 Eoom Ho* 310
Serial No, 99,281
HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS,
SIR:
In response to the Office aotion of
I August 18, 1916, please amend the above entitled oase as follows:-
Canoel claims lfc-lxf 16 inolusive.
REMARKS
It is believed that the expression "potash II feldspar" is properly employed in the speoifioation and claims, as the material which is referred to thereby is || commonly known by this name.
The requirement for division has been complied | with by canceling claims 11 to 16 inolusive. The right reserved to file a divisional application on the sub- | jeot matter of the oanoeled olaims.
An aotion on the merits is requested.
Respectfully submitted,
THOMAS A. EDISON (
By
I„ „ T ^His Attorneys
Orange, N. J.
July G , 191V
2-260
Div . ft— Boom - 3X8
Paper No . 4
iff, title of Invention, a
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE
WASHINGTON -
. E(yer~& Holden
2 S 1917
. -Edison- Of-£-i os -Buildin&r -
_ .Orange,-lIew- Jersey.. . .
Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge oftho application ,
---3orlaX-JIo»-M,881,-filed--irtky-55rxeifrrT«:
-4i4i#o»r-*homM-.A*., -Serial -.Sraduo4ilON-of-So-taani«m-Ghlor-i<le.
Commissioner of Patents, y
Replying to your communication filed July?, IP 17.
Page 1, last line, ohange "names* to najnod.
Claims 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 10 aro olearly met by Bassett of record and aro rejeoted.
It is old to treat potash feldspar with onloium chloride or other halogen compound and to heat the mixture to fusion to vo- litalize the potassium oompoupd^ ad ohown by
Ellis, 1,186,8224; June ft, 1916, (282).
Sllis mentions the fact that some potassium compound is not volltallzed. Prom Bassett above there would be no invention in leaching the fused maBS to reoover this unvolitpddzed potassium oompound.
Cushman, 987,431#; Maroh 21, 1911, (23-22-43X) describes another variation in whioh the feldspar is deoomposod by heating with lime and an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal chloride the temperature being kept below that at whioh substantial amounts of potassium oompound is volltalsed and the potassium ohlorlde being, re¬ covered from the heated mixture. There would b| no invention in re-
■S
2
covering this -MOX amount of volitolizod potassium ohlorid in view of Ellis.
Claim* 3, ? and 6 which specify heating to such temperature aa to volitalise part of the potassium ohlorid* and recovering it both from the fume and the residue are rejected ae presenting nothing patentable over Buesett of record and mils and Cushman above.
Examiner, Div. 6
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V RECEIVED BY
MERCHANT SHIPBUILDING CORPORATION^t-J^JU?^
AGENTS ^
United States Shipping Board
EMERGENCY FLEET CORPORATION
BRISTOL, PA.
September 26, 1917.
fifaVa letter fran Elias, v
Mr. Thomas A. Edison,
Orange, fl. J.
My Dear Mr. Edison:
Enclosed you Will wpcuu as s ter iruu uiioo, > the Chemist who worked on the potash extraction from feldspar' hy V the use of salt. • You will see he is under the impression that the Bassett patents are not necessarily hasio on this method on account of the question of air. This might enable you to get these patents through whioh were applied for some time ago. flf course I have no copy of the patent with me and do not remember the claims, but potash is a very serious matter at the present time and I know you are inter¬ ested in it.
Respectfully yours.
Enc.
limited to bringing about the reaction between the feldspar and salt in the presence of air. Bassett describes his process as follows :-
"In the praotioe of my process I add to disintegrated and preferably finely ground feldspar or feldspar bearing rook, about one half of its weight of sodium chlorid and' heat the mixture to a yellow heat in the presence of air, preferably from 800 to 900 degrees C., for about one to two hours. The mass is then treated with water prefer¬ ably by being dumped while still hot, into a vat of water which may advantageously be used in the proportion of about two to five parts by wei$it of water to one part of the fused mass. The mass is then leached with water and the potash and sodium salts are obtained in any de¬ sired manner, preferably by evaporation to dryness. The potassium and sodium salts are later separated, as for example, by crystallization.
The invention described in your pending application relating to the production of potassium chloride, however, also seems to be limited in the same way, for the specification of this application describes the material to be heated, namely, feldspar and salt, as fed into the upper end of an ordinary rot¬ ary kiln, and fuel, suoh as pulverized coal, injected into the lower end of the kiln through a nozzle, such as shown in your patent Ho. 1,106,444. This patent describes the stream of fuel
-2-
projected from the nozzle as surrounded with an envelope of air. Moreover, the specifioation of your application describes a blower connected to the end of the absorption chamber remote from the kiln for creating a draft through the absorption chamber and kiln. Accordingly, it ia apparent that the reaction between the feldspar and salt as described in your application must take place in the presence of air, and it is believed to be impossible to revise the application so as to cover a process wherein the reaction between the feldspar and sail; would occur in the presence of an inert gas or with the absence of air. Consequently, it would seem that all broad claims which it would be possible to make in your application would be anticipated by the patent to Bassett referred to.
Even if it were possible to revise your application to cover a process wherein the reaction between the feldspar and salt takes place in the presence of an inert gas or with the absence of air, broad claims covering such a process would, in my opinion, be anticipated by British patent Bo. 11555 of 1847 to Silghman. Tilghman describes his process as follows
"I obtain muriate of potash by heat
muriate employed. fmml wejght of finely
common salt, wh ioh * m;~7 la Wnii driedand intro-
might tend to hurst the cylinder, I have a small hole through the upper part of this door, which is closed at pleasure hy a loosely fitting plug. The cylinder is covered on the outside with fire brick, to protect the iron from the action of the fire. The oylinder and its contents are to he heated to bright redness for about six hours; the heat should he above the fusing point of the muriate employed, hut I prefer to Keep it below the tem¬ perature at which the feldspar would melt, as the charge would then he more difficult to remove from the oylinder. The cover is now taken off, and the charge raked out as quickly as possible into an iron pot, which is immediately covered and kept closed until the mass is cool. The sol¬ uble salts are to be extracted from the mass by water, and the muriate of potash separated from the other salt by evaporation and crystallization in the usual manner."
Patent Mo; 1,186,688 to Ellis discloses the feature of absorbing volatilized potassium chloride by water sprays in a manner similar to that disclosed in your application.
X am of the opinion that it is not possible to present any claims of value in your application which would be patentable over the prior art, for reasons stated above. Have you any sug¬ gestions to make in this connection?
I am sending herewith our copy of your application referred to. £>
WB-JS
v1 1 M r
Mr. Edison
.November 16, 1917
Referring to your query noted on my memorandum to you of the 6th inst. attached hereto, as to whether the Tilghman pat¬ ent does not fully anticipate the patent to Bassett, I beg to advise that the Tilghman patent was cited in the prosecution of the application which resulted in the patent 1*o Bassett, and Bassett's claims were amended to distinguish from Tilghman by bringing out that the reaction between the feldspar and salt takes place in the presence of air. Apparently, in Tilghman' s process, the reaction between the potash feldspar and salt takes place in the presence of an inert gas or in the absence of air. This patent specifies that the mixture of potash feldspar and salt is introduced into an iron cylinder with an opening only 'at one end which is closed with an iron door or cover and luted tight.
Of course, the process of the Tilghman Britis.h patent is open to the public, as this patent was granted in 1847.
There seems to be no possibility of securing any claims of value on the process in question iu your pending application, and in view of your notation "Of course we are out of it" on my attached memorandum, X presume that you wish this application abandoned. Is this
WH-JS
Patent Series
Folio# 1048
U.S. Patent#: Primary Applicant: Date Executed:
Patent Application Files
Para-Phenylene-Di-Amin Substances and a Process Relating Thereto
1283706
Edison, Thomas A 9/21/1916
^-0-r'L^
CX-A-* — <5^ ^Ca* — A
^JX
Patent Series Patent Application Files
Folio# 1049 Molds
Serial#: 123480
Primary Applicant: Edison, Thomas A
Date Executed: 9/28/1916
Serial NoJ.2>3M%-Oi
Folio No . |HUi3 .
Applicant.
. ..
|
Title . .TYv..cr>-sJs5>. . Filed . ,©..cJ!Lo^sd?A-...^...y\^SiN^a... |
Examiner’s Room No. |
|
Ass’g’t Exec. . Recorded . |
. .'...Liber . Page . . |
-Z\vsnC.*W^U 16
^ VSjl^iy 17 - ..(bA '-V
DYER & HOLDEN,
ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.
Jfctittfltu
So tlje Sommiaaioner of JIatrnta
four Petitioner TH0MAS A> jsra SON
a ritigen of tlje llniteii &tatea, reaibing anil Rawing a foot ©ffire a&iireaa at Llewellyn Park, West oranjre, Essos: County, Haw Jersey
grago tljat IetterB patent mag be granted to Ijim for % impronementa in
HOLDS
aet forilj in % attnexeb aperifiratton; anil Ije Ijerehg appointa Sger & ijolben (Segiatration No. 3244) a firm rompoaeii of Iffranb B. Iger anil leloa Sjoliien, rnljoae aitbreaa ia Sbiaou ©ffire luiliiing, ©range, Nem 3eraeg, Ijia attornega, witlj full pomer of aubatitution anil reooration, to proaerute tljia appliration, to make alterations atib ameuinuenta tljerein, to rereioe tlje patent anil to tranaart all buaineaa in tlje Patent ©ffire ronnerteii tljemuitlj.
a.
PBOIFIOAEIOH.
TO ALL raiOM IS KAY COHOBBIt:
HE IS KHOWII that I, SHOMS A EDISON, a oitizen of the United States and a resident of Llewellyn Park, V.’est Orange, Essex County, New Jersey, have invented certain now and useful improvements in KOLDS, of which the following is a description:-
Ey invention relates to molds and more particularly to molds for use in the manufacture of sound records of the disc type and whioh are adapted to impress a sound record into either or both faces of the sound record material or blank. In forming those records, it is cus¬ tomary to make a copper matrix by electroplating on a master reoord previously rendered electro-conductive by a coating of graphite or other suitable moons, and to Reinforce this matrix with a backing or plate of steel or other suitable material to give the same sufficient rigidity for use as a stomp or die to impress the record into the reoord material or blank. Y/hen it is desired to produce a reoord on . both faces of the disc, a mold conprising a pair of such dies arranged in opposed relation, is employed,1 the reoord material or: blank is dis¬
posed therebetween,- and the dies are forced together under high pres- ). bu roy Ehe higi pressure employed in forcing tiie dies of such a mo?^ together tends to produce a lateral flow of the record material or blank therebetween and thereby deform the edge portion of suoh material! or blank. Various means have been suggested for finishing ttxe edges of| records nmde in molds of this character, tho molds of one type hereto¬ fore proposed oonprlsii^ a pair of opposed matrices respectively secured to their backings by rings or annular olanping members respec¬ tively projecting beyond the matrices, the projecting portions of said rings having lips or flange* overlying the peripheries of the matrices
and said flanges having tapered inner edges to form the record with a smooth double bevel edge. Reoordo made in molds of this type as here¬ tofore constructed are frequently defeotive, especially whore record \ materials or blanks of a low degree of thermo plastiolty are employed, \ as these molds permit a lateral flow of the material of the reoord being pressed sufficient to materially deform and sometimes orach the reoord at the edge portion thereof.
She prinoipal object of my invention is to provide a mold the use of which will result in the elimination of the above defects.
A further objoot of my invention is to provide improved means for attaching the matrix of such a mold to its backing.
Uy invention also contemplates an improved construction for facilitating the removal of the finished reoord from the mold. Other objects of my invention will appear more fully in the following speci¬ fication and appended olaims.
In order that my invention may he more olearly understood, attention is hereby directed to the aooompanying drawing fowling a part of this specification, and in which!
Figaro 1 represents a central vortical sootional view show¬ ing a mold embodying my invention having a sound record or blank there¬ in; and
Figure 2 represents a plan view thereof with the upper die
removed.
Referring to the drawing, reference ohsraoter 1 represents a sound reoord or blank disposed between a pair of dies or stamps con¬ stituting my improved mold. Each of the dies or stamps of the mold preferably comprises a substantially flat oiroular matrix 2 bearing against a booking plate 3. A ring or annular clamping member 4 is
os owed to each backing plate 3 by a plurality of screws or other suit¬ able fastening members 5, the ringed extending inwardly heyond the matrix 2 and the extending portion thereof being provided with a lip or flange 6 overlying the periphery of the mtrix. .She portion of each rJjIg 4 throng which the screws 6 extend is preferably provided with an annular outwardly extending flange-like portion 7 vfhioh fits within correspondingly shaped recess 8 formed in the inner portion of the : speotlve backing plate 3. She portion of each ring 4 extending inwardly| heyond the corresponding mtrix 2 and provided with the flange or rib 6 is preferably slightly less in thiotaess than one-half of tie thin¬ ness of the records which are designed to be formed in the mold.] In order to prevent any mterlal lateral flow of the record material or him* 1 during the pressing of the record, and to prevent the deforma¬ tion or cracking of the edge of the record during such pressing, the annular inner edge of the lip or flange 6 of each ring 4 is preferably finished smooth and extends at rl*t angles to tho corresponding matrix
Each natrix 2 is preferably socurod at its oontor to its backing 3 in the following mrnor; She baching plate 3 of each matrix is provided at its center with a screw threaded opening and the portion of such opening adjacent the inner surface of the backing plate is countersunk. She mtrix 2 is provided with a central opening register¬ ing with the corresponding opening in the backing plate 3 and the mater-| ini about such opening in the matrix is tapered as shown at 9 to fit the countersink in the opening of the backing plate 3. A abort thread*) bushing or cleave 10 le threaded in the backing plate 3 and is provided with a tapered head engaging the tapered portion 9 of the mtrlx and holding the same firstly in «ngag«nent with the countersink in the bal¬ ing plate 3. She openings through the bushings 10 and a corresponding opening in the blank or record 1 are adapted to receive the usual pin
-3-
Eaoh of the rings or damping menibors 4 is preferably provided with a bevel 12' at ite outer edge portion whereby an annular uedgo- shop ed groove 13 is formed between the rings. By reason of the wedge-shaped groove 13, the dies or stamps of the mold may be readily separated by means of wedges or the like and the record removed.
! Vihen it is desired to impress but one faoa of the reoord
material or blame with a sound record, one of the matrloes 3 may be omitted. Various other modifications may obviously be made in tho spe¬ cific structure heroin disclosed without departing from the spirit of my invention and the sooj*) of the appended claims.
Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to protoot by tatters Patent is as follows «-
3p jn a i^evioo of th^aloDo deacribed, tho combination ..
of a substantially ^lat nkrix, and an annular damping ring( detachably aeoure^ t/ said matrix and extending theroboyond, tho extending portion , of said ring having its inneXedgo substantially otrigt males to the matrix, suhstontially aB described.
, 2> jn a device ofVho class described, tho combination
of a pair of substantially flat ndrioea in opposed ralation, a baoking for each of said mtrioes, and mean^for .securing eaoh matrix to its backing comprising a damping ring having its inner edge substantially at_rigLt_£ngleB to the matrix, oubstant^lly as described.
3. in a device of the olasV described, the combination of a pair of substantially flat matrices faoink each other and adapted to be forced together to mold an article dispose*, therebetween, and means for preventing any substantial la.teral_flow-ofVid. article and the defon5dion_of-.tha_.edee. jawreofjthen forced together,
substantially as described. \
V 4. in a devioe of the olaso deaoribod\ the combination of
a pair of substantially flatlmatrloss faolng each other and adapted to be forced together, to mald an\artlolo disposed therebetween, and a dovioe ^secured') to eaoh of said matrices and extending inwardly beyond the (matrix to whloh it is secured') for presenting any deformation of the edge of said article when oaid matrioos are forced together, substantially as de¬ scribed.
0 ' 5. In a dovioe for\foiraing records, a pair of substantial!^ flat matrioos opposed to each othoV and adapted then forced together to I inrpress a souhd reoo^0^a.b!^,a|sposed therebetween, and on annular ring (dotaohably Beourod) to each matrix and extending beyond the latter towards the opposed matrix, the imxeV edge of the extending portion of ondh ring being substantially at richf angles to the matrices, sub- j staatially ns described.
'Kg. In a device for form tog records, a pair of substantlal-l ly flat mi trices opposed to each other cud. adapted when foroed together to impress a sound reoord on ablaut dlstosod therebetween, and an annular ring )detaohably aeoorad) to each Atrix and extending beyond the latter towards the opposed matrix, the expending portion of eaoh ring being slightly loos lnjhloteass than ono-JUlf the thlohnoss of the reoordblanlc aid the inner edge of such portion being substantially at right angles to tha matrioos, substantially as desoribed.
^ V. In a dovioe of the olaBB dLoribed, a pair of sub¬ stantially flat members opposed to each other! one of said members being [provided with a matrix, said members being adsfcted to be foroed together mold an article disposed therebetween, and * annular dovioe secured to eaoh of said members and extending therebeyo*. towards the other [member, the inner edge of the extending portion If each of said devices being substantially atjjjht angles to said membeVs, substantially as desoribed. ^
In a dovioe of the olass desoribed, a substantially
I flat matrix, a backing therefor, eaid matrix having a portion thereof counter sunt into said backing, i'and a device engaging said countersunk portion and eeonred to said hacking, oubotant lolly as described.
In a oevioe of the class described, a ouhstantially flat ^ matrix, and a haoldng therefor, said hacking having a cavity and said mtrix havi^ateSe^i^i^toto said cavity and in en^mont with the wall thereof, substantially as described.
In a device of the class described, a substantially flat nntrix, a wv<„e therefor, said backing having on opening fonned with a countersink, and said matrix having an opening registering with the opening of said backing, a portion of the matrix about the opening there-| in being formed to said countersink, and a device secured to the backing in the opening thereof having moans for holding said portion of the | matrix in engagement with said countersink, substantially as deBoribed.
( in a device of the class described, a substantially flat
SLlri*. o IMdw tt.r.fw, M •» <“ -a
'ttUn^r^Sto^^e'raneindermer oo f , substantially as described. •
In a devloe of the olass desoribed, a substantially flat , matrix, a backing therefor, and an annular member for securing said ’ matrix to said backing, /the.. top of the outer edge portion of said member , I being be v& d^subo ' tani iaLly ae desoribed.
j"i0. In a devloe of the olass described, a pair of cubstan- ;|| tially -flat opposed matrices, a backing for each of said matrioss, and a pair of similar, rings for respeotively ssouring said matrices to said
I backings, the inner surfaoseof the outer edge po^io^^ia rings being beveled to provide a wedge-shaped groove therebetween^ subsian tlolly os described.
cC~ ~
31)ta aprrifiratimt sigttrb anb witnraarb tljia bag of ^^W>A-131lo
'J-v^ _
HtttraarB:
Statr of Npw .Ilrrarg )
> Bfl.,
(fimmtg of Eaarx )
IHOMAS A. EM soil . % above mmeb prtitinnrr, bring Juilvj Buuirit, brpnarH anb saga tljat ljr ia a ritigrn nf the Initrb Statrs. anb a rraibrnt of Llowollyn park, ’.Vest orango , Esoox County,
How Jersey
tliat hr iicrilu brlirura Ijimarlf to be flip original, ftrat anb aolr innrntor nf tljr imprmirmrnta in
molds
brarribrb anb daimeb in tljr annrxrb aprrifiratimt; tljat ljr bora not know anb bora not hrlirur tljat tljr aatnr uma rurr known or uarb brforr Ijia innentinn or biarourrg tljrrrnf; nr patrntrb nr brarribrb in anjj printrb publiration in tljr Initrb Statra of Antrrira or ang forrign rnnntru brforr Ijia innrntinn nr biaronrrg tljrrrnf, or ntorr tljan two grara prior to tljia appliratimt; nr patrntrb in ang rnuntrg forrign to tljr Initrb Statra on an appliratimt filrb ntorr tljan tuirlnr tnontlja prior to tljia appliratimt; nr in publir uar nr on aalr itt tljr Initrb Statra for ntorr tljan twn grara prior to tljia appliratimt; anb tljat no appliratimt for patrnt upon aaib inorntinn Ijaa brrn filrb bg Ijiut or Ijia irgal
rrprrarntatiura or assigns in attg forrign rmuttrg.
Sworn to anb subarribrb brforr mr tljia T-V'' bag of 131 ^
[Sral]
Wntarg Jlublir.
%/ toos —
H. D. B.
....1-6. Boom - 306
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
UNITED STATES PATENT- OFFICE
WASHINGTON _ IfaA-J, -191-6.-
_ Djrar~&~JIol.dejaT— -
— 15d.i
x..Of-fice...Bulld.inxt-,— -
“I'll OFFlCi V (I U)|li
—...Orange.
Please find leloi
ideation from the EXAMINER in charge of the application of
A. iTd-laon^— Ser-laX-dlou— 126rAS0-r-i’-i.Xed.Tlct-. 3T... iBlfi-,.— f-o:
Commissioner of Patents. 0
'j oiaim 1 is rejected ns incomplete. The clamping ring ia not secured to the matrix, hut to the banking. The backing must be included •
Claim 1 io further rejected on
Wiokes, Wov. 'S3, 1909, (18-5.3) in view
of the square edged cavities in the matrices of
Prescott, Mgo, Mar. IP. 1907 (18-5.3). and
'Kaplan, ■ \>MTSS8, APr- 0» 190P* d0 °*3' *
Claims 2. 3 and 1j are rejected on the same references.. Claims 4i i: and 6 are rejected an unwarranted. The edge devibe is not secured to the matrix, but to the backing. Said device secures the matrix to the backing.
Claims 4. 5 and 6 are further rejected on the references
cited.
I#' " Claim 8 io allowed.
/p Claim 9 "is rejected as defining nothing patentable oyer
! claim 8. ■ ' ;
I Claim 9 is further rejected on
Petit, 749^092, .Tan. 5, 1904, 188-3.3).
Claim 10. is allowed^.? •' ' ' " '
Claims 11, 15^ and 13 are rejeoted on Wiokeo, cited.
IN TEE UNITED STATES PATENT OPPICE
Piled October 3, 1916
HONOR ABIE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS,
In response to the Offioe action of > 6, 1916, please amend the above entitled case as
ICanoel claims 1 to 7 inclusive.
Claim 9, linTs, oanoel "member" and insert - portion thereof - .
Claim 11, after "thereof" insert - and
being disposed inwardly with reBpeot to the outer edge por¬ tion of the baoking. - .
Claim 12, lin e~4, before "substantially" insert - said outer edge portion being ^disposed inwardly} with respect
to the outer edge portion of the baoking, - . _
Claim 15, line 6, after the comma insert -fBald outer edge portions being disposed Inwardly with respect to
the outer edge portions of the baoklngs - « ; _
Renumber claims 8 to 13 as 1 to 6 inclusive respectively.
Add the following claims: -
of. In a devioe of the class described, a sub¬ stantially flat matrix, and a backing therefor, said matrix having a projecting portion extending into said backing, substantially as described.
//'k. In a devioe of the class described, a sub¬ stantially flat matrix, and a backing therefor, said back¬ ing having a countersink, and Bald matrix having a project¬ ing portion extending into and closely engaging the wall of said countersink, substantially as described.
.REMARKS
It is submitted that claim 2, former a}.aim 9, as now presented clearly distinguishes from Petit by speci¬ fying that the matrix has a portion thereof extending into the cavity in the backing and in engagement with the wall of such cavity. Moreover, it is submitted that this claim and claim 1 are each different in soope and that claim 2 is necessary in order to adequately protect applicant in his invention.
Claim 4, former claim 11, as amended differentiate! from Wiokes by specifying that the outer edge portion of the annular member is disposed inwardly with respect to the out¬ er edge portion of the baoking and is thinner than the re¬ mainder of Buoh member. This construction enables the dies or stamps of the mold to be readily separated by means of wedges or the like and the record removed. In the con¬ struction disclosed by Wlokee, on the other hand, the back¬ ing members are provided at their outer edges with inward¬ ly extending annular rimB which lie closely adjacent each
2
other and prevent aooeBs to the groove between the outer portions of the opposed annular rings 5 ana 19.
Claims 6 and 6, former claims 12 and 13 respect¬ ive, distinguish from Wiokes in a manner similar to that indioatea in connection with claim 4.
Hew claim 7 presented herewith distinguishes from I the references of record by specifying that the matrix has | a projecting portion extending into the backing.
Hew claim 8 distinguishes from the references by specifying that the backing is provided with a countersink ana that the matrix has a projecting portion extending into ana closely engaging the wall of the oountersink.
Further consideration and allowance are requested.
Bespeot fully submitted,
THOMAS A. F.DISOH |
*7
His Attorneys
[j Orange, B. J.
I October £.6' , 1917
Paper No..
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE V/B WASHINGTON - ...
Ed loon Offloa Bld«g.
Orarrfta. N. J.
PUase find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge ofihe application of
Thome. a A. Edison. Serial Ho.
MOLDS.
fox-
7r
si.
Commissioner of Paten
In reaponoe
to amendment filed Oot. 26, 191T;
Claims 1, 3, 7 and 8 are allowed.
The remaining olaime are finally rejected on the refer- enoes aa of reoord.
,<r
▼ I
1
FOLIO 1049
Ur. Thomas A. Edison;
This application relates for disc records whLoh we are now. using. Thep^ are now no claims on the square-edged feature, the claims originally drawn to such feature having been canceled in view of the dia^uosures in the patents on which they were rejected.
The claims now in this application may be divided in two groups. One of these groups of claims, namely, olaims 1, 2, 3, 7 and 8, relates to the means for securing together the central portions of the matrix or printing mold and the backing or mold holder; and all of the claims In this group have been allowed with the exception of olaim 2, whioh has been finally rejected on patent Mo. 949,092 grant¬ ed January 5, 1904 to Petit. The other group of claims, namely, claims 4, 5 and 6, relates to the provision of an annular ring for securing together the matrix and the backing at their outer edge por¬ tions, and having the portions adjacent the edge of its face beveled so as to permit the Insertion of a tool between the rings of two molds arranged in opposed relation to separate such molds after the printing of a record; and each of the claims in this group has been finally rejected on patent Mo. 941,291 granted November 23, 1909 to - V/ickes and assigned to the Victor Co.
In my opinion it is doubtful if olaims 2, 4, 6 and 6 are patentable over the patents on- ■which they have been finally re¬ jected, and the chances of obtaining an allowance of these claims in case an appeal were taken would be slight.
October 15, 1918
i .&h»t <. / ^X/vv
to the squars^edged printing mold
1
Lloreover, the square-edged mold shown In this applica¬ tion and which we are using, appears to infringe claims 4, 21 to 24, 37 to 43, 67 and 68 of the Wickes patent referred to above, and so far as I know the claims of this patent are valid. Hr. Holden is under the impression that a validity search was made on this patent in 1911, hut I have been unable to find any report or other papers relating to such a search. A copy of the Wickes patent is attached hereto.
In view of the foregoing I would recommend that this
application be abandoned.
October 21, 1918
Ur. Thomas A. Edison:
Referring to the annexed memorandum. I do not think you appreciated the fact that if we should get a patent on the struoture disclosed in this application, a copy of the patent would be received by the Victor Co. and they would immediately see that we are infringing patent Eo. 941, 291 to Wiokes which is owned by the Victor Co. Therefore it would seem to me unwise to take out a patent on our structure. And. furthermore, if there is any way of avoiding the PateHt.lt seems to me that it should be done. For this reason we recommend that the present application be dropped.
Patent Series
Patent Application Files
Folio # 1053 Internal Combustion Engines
Serial#: 134386
Primary Applicant: Edison, Thomas Alva, Jr
Date Filed: 12/1/1916
, Applicant.
Address.
Title _ _
Filed .
Examiner’s Room No.
Assignee. Ass’g’t Exec.
...Recorded
Tfi:z^-trr.u
ACTIONS. jrw ^ l
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DYER & HOLDEN,
ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.
Petition.
Sn tlje (EommiBBianer of Jlatenta :
Hour petitioner djqmab A. EDISON. JR. a ritt|rn of tltr Inttrb g’lutca. reaibing anb lining a float ©ffire abbreaa at
Burlington, In the County of Burlington imct State of Now Jersey,
praga that letters patent mag be granteb to Ijirn for tl?e improuementa in
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
set fnrtlj in tl;e annexeb aperifiratinn; anil lje Iferebg appoints iger $c ^olben (Eegiatration No. 3244) a firm rompoaeb of Shrank E. Sger anb leloa ^olben, mljnae abbreaa ia Ebiaon ©ffire Euilbing, ©range, Nem Ileraeg, ijia attornega, uiitl) full pomer of substitution anil reooration, to proaerute tljia application, to make alterationa anb amenbmenta therein, to rereine llje patent anb to transact all buaineaa in tlje patent ©ffice connecteb tljeremitlj.
SPECIFICATION
TO ALL WHOM IT HAY CONCERN :-
BE IT KNOWN, that I, THOMAS A. EDISON, JR., a citizen of the United States and a resident of Burlington, in the County of Burlington and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful improvements in INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, of which the following is a description
My invention relates to Internal combustion en¬ gines, and more particularly to an improved construction and arrangement for controlling the fuel mixture supplied to suoh an engine and the exhaust gases therefrom. The prin- oipal objects of my invention are to obtain a better mixture and combustion of the fuel supplied to an engine of this type, to decrease the back pressure and the carbon deposits in the combustion chambers of such an engine, and in general, to render suoh an engine more efficient and economical in operation.
In carrying out these objects, I preferably em¬ ploy an improved "manifold" of suoh construction that the heat of the exhaust gases is made use of to heat the fuel mixture being supplied to the engine, and to vaporize the raw particles of fuel therein. The heat thus extracted from the exhaust gases and the evaporation of the raw par- j tides of fuel in the fuel mixture being supplied to the engine will effect suoh a cooling of the exhaust gaees as I to materially decrease the back pressure. The intake of the "manifold" is preferably so oonstruoted as to offer but little resistance to the passage of thp fuel mixture from thi
oarburetor to the engine, and to effeot an lnoreaae in the velocity of the fuel mixture as it approaches the engine to thereby effeot a deoreaee in the condenBation of the fuel in Buoh mixture. X further preferably provide means whereby the amount of air admixed with the fuel being sup¬ plied to the engine is automatically controlled by varia¬ tions in temperature, either of the exhaust gaseB or the atmosphere, or of both the exhauBt gases and the atmosphere.
A further objeot of my invention is to provide an improved arrangement for facilitating the starting of the engine in oold weather.
hy invention also contemplates an improved arran¬ gement whereby the exhaust gases from the engine may be utilized to actuate a signal, and an improved oarburetor which 1b of simple oonstruotion and very efficient in op¬ eration. Other objectB and features of my j invention will be hereinafter more fully described and claimed.
In order that my invention may be more clearly understood, attention 1b directed to the drawings accompany¬ ing and forming a part of this specification, in viiioh like parts are designated by the same reference characters, and in whioh:-
ffigure 1 represents in side elevation an inter¬ nal combustion engine equipped with my invention, parte be¬ ing shown diagrammatioally and parte being omitted;
Figure 2 is an enlarged view in side elevation, partly in Beotion, of my improved "manifold" and the parte associated therewith, the engine being omitted;
-2-
Figure 3 1b a fragmental cross seotional view taken on line 3-3 of Figure 2;
Figure 4 is an enlarged oroeB sectional view, purtly in elevation, taken on line 4-4 of Figure 2;
Figure 5 is a oroes sectional view taken on line 5-5 of Figure 4;
Figure 6 is an enlarged bottom plan view of the thermostatic device for controlling the admixture of air with the vaporized fuel in the intake, the cover of said device being removed and parts being shown in seotion;
Figure 7 is an end elevation of the thermostatio device shown in Figure 6;
Figure 8 is a transverse cross seotional view of the exhaust chamber taken through the sparking device, parts being shown in elevation; and
Figure 9 is a oross Beotional view, partly in | elevation, of a modified form of sparking device.
Referring to the drawings, reference character 1 (Fig. 1) represents an Internal combustion engine of con¬ ventional type, having the usual crank case 2 and orank shafSI 3, A substantially reotangular and comparatively large ex¬ haust or expansion ohamber 4 is suitably secured to the cyl¬ inder heads of the engine as by means of bolts Or screw threaded rods (not shown) which extend through suitable op¬ enings 5 therefor in the side walls of the ohamber 4. The exhaust or expansion ohamber 4 is secured to the cylinder heads in suoh a position that openings 6 in the side wall thereof adjacent the cylinder heads oommunlcate with the exhaust ports (not shown) of the engine cylinders. Owing to the large size of the exhaust or expansion chamber 4,
-3-
the combustion chambers of the engine oylindore will be qui¬ ckly cleared of the exhaust gases whioh results in a de¬ crease in the deposit of carbon in the cylinders and lnauree the preBenoe of a better and olonner mixture of fuel therein for the succeeding explosion and consequently a better com¬ bustion thereof on the taking plaoa of such explosions. Moreover, owing to the size of ohamber 4 and the faot that the exhaust gases paBB into the same directly from the ex¬ haust ports of the engine, these gases on entering said ohamber quickly expand and cool, which tends to effect a re¬ duction in the noise of the exhuusU the exhaust ohamber act¬ ing us a muffler, and also reeultB in a decrease in tho back pressure and a consequent increase in the efficiency of the engine. A pipe or conduit 7 is secured to one end of the exhaust or expansion chamber 4 to conduct the exhaust ga3es from the latter to the usual muffler (not shown), lieference character 8 represents a signal adapted to be sounded by the exhaust gases of the engine, whioh is preferably seoured to the top wall of ohamber 4 adjacent the end thereof to which the pipe 7 is connected. A double valve 9 is pivotally mounted within the ohamber 4 on a horizontal axis by means of a rod or pin 10 having one end extending from said cham¬ ber, The pivotal axiB of valve 9 1b bo located that when the valve is moved in one direction it will cut off communi¬ cation between the chamber 4 and the signal 8, and the wx- haust gases will be free to prbs from Baid ohamber to the muffler through the pipe or conduit 7, and when moved in the opposite direction it will out off communication between pipe 7 and chamber 4 and establish communication between the latter and the signal 8, in oonsequenoe of whioh the exhaust
gases will then pass through the signal and sound the same. The valve is oontrolled by means of a orank 11 seoured to the projecting end of the rod or pin 10. which orank may be operated by means of suitable devices (not shown) from any desired point. Buch as the seat of an automobile or other vehicle on which the engine 1 may be mounted.
Reference character 12 (Fig. 1) represents a suitable tank or reservoir for the liquid fuel, such as gasolene, to be utilized in the engine. The fuel is convey¬ ed from the tank 12. as by means of a supply pipe 13, to a carbureting device 14. where it is vaporized or oarburet- ted and from whenoe it passes to the engine cylinders through the intake 15. A short distance beyond its point of communication with the oarbureting device 14. the intake 15, is preferably provided with a pair of branches 16 and 17 which extend upwardly in the form of a V for connection with the inlet porta of the engine. As clearly shown in Figures 2 and 3, the exhaust or expansion chamber 4 and the intake pipe 15 with its branches 16 and 17 are preferably oast in one pieoe or otherwise integrally formed, and constitute what may be termed a "manifold". The end portions of the branches 16 and 17 of the intake 15 extend upwardly into the exhaust or expansion chamber 4 and then rearwardly with the outlets 18 thereof preferably flush with and formed in the rear side wall of said chamber. The Intake pipe 15 and its branches 16 and 17 are free from pooketB and abrupt bends, and in consequence but little resistance is offered thereby to the passage of the fuel mixture therethrough to the engine cylinders. The branches 16 and 17 also prefer
-5-
ably deorease Blightly in crocs sectional area from the main portion of the intake 15 towards the engine, aB clearly shown in Fig. 2, which reeulte in an increase in the velooitj of the fuel mixture as it approaches the engine, thereby min¬ imising the liability of condensation of any of the particlei of fuel in said mixture on the walls of said branch pipes 16 and 17. Owing to the fact that the upper end portions of branch pipes 16 and 17 are disposed within the exhaust cham¬ ber 4, heat is extracted from the exhaust gaseB in the lat¬ ter to heat the fuel mixture in pipeB 16 and 17 and to vap¬ orize any raw partloleB of fuel which may be present therein before the Bald mixture reaches the oombustion ohambers of the engine. The vaporization of such raw particles of fuel within the branoh pipes 16 and 17 produces a low temperature and effects further cooling of the exhaust gases in chamber 4 with a resultant decrease in back pressure and increase in efficiency of the engine.
Reference character 19 represents a casing irtiioh is preferably rectangular in shape and which is suitably secured to the bottom wall of the expansion or exhaust cham¬ ber 4, as by moans of bolts (not shown) which extend through openings 20 provided therefor in the top wall of said casing and into the bottom wall of chamber 4. The bottom wall
21 of casing 19 constitutes a cover for the latter and is preferhbly removably secured thereto as by means of screws
22 which extend through apertured lugs 23 formed on the cover and are threaded into corresponding lugs 24 with which the side walls of the oasing are provided. The end walls of casing 19 are respectively provided with circular inlet ports 25 and 26, having tapered valve seats, for the admlBsio »
-6-
Of air Into the oasing. The inlet ports 25 and 26 are re- apeotively controlled by oiroular valvee 27 and 28 having tapered perlpherlee adapted to tightly engage the tapered valve seats of these ports. *>aoh of the valves 27 and 28 is mounted on the inner end of a threaded stem or rod 29, which in turn is threaded through an opening in a bracket or yoke 30 seoured to the corresponding end wall of the casting 19 as by means of screws 31. The outer end of each valve stem or rod 29 is provided with a knurled head 32 to facili¬ tate the operation of opening and olosing the valveB 27 and 2B. A short shouldered conduit or hollow stem 33 is secured within an opening therefor formed in the rear side wall of oasting 19, preferably oloeoly adjacent the end wall provide l with the inlet port 2C, as by means of nuts 34 threaded on the inner end thereof. The stem 33 constitutes the outlet of the casing 19 and its outer end is suitably connected to one end of a pipe or conduit 35. the other end of the latter being connected to the intake 15, preferably to the upper side of the latter at the junction of branoh pipes 16 and 17, as clearly shown in figure 2. Reference character 36 represents a oontraotion and expansion unit constituting a thermostat whioh is mounted within casing 19 to control the outlet 33. The thermostat is preferably substantially U-shaped and one end of one leg thereof is preferably se¬ cured to the inner end of stem 33 between the nuts 34 in
Isuoh a manner that the base of the thermostat is disposed in the casing 19 adjaoent the left hand end wall having the in¬ let port 25, while the free end thereof or the end of the other leg is Just in front of the opening through the holloi stem or outlet 33. The free end of the expansion and con-
traction unit 36 hue secured thereto a cylindrical member 37 in alignment with the passageway through the Btem 33, said member 37 having a tapered or oonlcal end 3B constitu¬ ting a valve. The inner end portion of the passageway through stem 33 is flared or tapered to correspond with the valve 38 and constitutes a valve seat 39 for the latter. It will be evident that as the unit or thermostat 36 expands and oontraots under changes of temperature, the valve 38 will be moved from and towards the valve seat 39 to control the outlet from oasing 19. Reference oharactor 40 represent! a rod which is threaded through the front side wull of cas¬ ing 19 in alignment with the stem or outlet 33 and member 37, and thiB rod constitutes on adjustable stop for the free end of the U-shaped contraction and expansion unit or thermostat 36, to limit the movement thereof and thereby of valve 38 away from the valve seat 39. The outer end of rod 40 is provided with a knurled head 41 to facilitate its adjustment, and may also be provided with a nut 42 to lock the samo in adjusted position. It will be obvious that the casing 19 with the thermostat 36 therein constitutes a thermostatic device which acts automatically to control the extent of the opening of the passageway through stem 33 and thereby the amount of air which is permitted to pass through pipe 35 to the intake 15 for admixture with the vaporized fuel in the latter being aonveyed to the engine. The thermostatic de¬ vice constitutes a part of the carbureting system and acta no a fuel economiser. The hotter the engine, the more air may be advantageously admixed with the vaporized fuel being supplied to the engine by the carburetor, while the cooler the engine, the less the amount of air which should bo ad¬ mixed with such fuel. The oasing 19 being eeoured direotly
-8-
to the expansion or exhaust chamber 4, it will be obvious that the temperature in suoh casing, and accordingly the expansion and contraction of the unit or thermostat 36 therein, will vary substantially in accordance with the ohanges in temperature of the exhaust gases and of the engln* .
The expansion and contraction unit or thermostat 36 is so urranged that when fully contracted it holds the valve 38 to its seat 39 and doses the outlet through stem 33, and upon expansion, it opens the said valve 38. The amount of air supplied through pipe 36 to the intake 15 depends, of course, upon the vaouum in the intake 15 and the extent to which valve 38 iB opened. In hot weather,,., the valve 27 is preferably open and the valve 38 closed, so that the air which is drawn into the intake 15 through pipe 35 will pass j | through the casing 19 from the port 25 in the left hand end ,
| wall thereof, around the unit or thermostat 36, and out !
through the hollow stem 33, Accordingly, in hot weather the (
! thermostat 36 will, in addition to being affected by the I
| ohanges in temperature in the engine and the exhaust gases therefrom, also be affected by :the ohanges in the temperature of the atmosphere. In cold weather, however, the valve 27 |
is preferably closed and the valve 28 in the right hand end wall of casing 19 is open, so that the air passing through pipe 35 into the intake 15 will first pass through casing 19 from the port 26 in the right hand end wall of the casing. a and out through the stem 33. As no part of the expansion \
and contraction unit or thermostat 36 is in the path of the \ air from the port 26 to the outlet 33, the thermostat 36 '
will be substantially unaffeoted by ohanges in the temperatuxe of the atmosphere in cold weather and will be controlled only by changes in temperature of the engine and the exhaust gases therefrom.
-9-
It sometimes happens, eapeolally in oold weather that upon attempting to atart the engine, a oonaiderahle part of the fuel mixture in the Intake, oondenaeB before reaching the combuation chambers of the engine, thus render¬ ing it very difficult to Ignite the mixture and Btart the engine. Accordingly, 1 have provided an improved arrange¬ ment whereby the "manifold" may be readily and sufficiently heated up to vaporize the raw particles of fuel in the in¬ take adjaoent the engine. In the arrangement for thiB pur¬ pose shown in Figure 1, 2 and 8, an electrical aparklng de¬ vice or plug 45 is secured in the front wall of the expan¬ sion or exhaust ohamber 4. This device comprises a contact 46 carried by a hollow cylindrical casing 47 threaded into the front wall of ohamber 4, and a contact 48 slightly spac¬ ed from contact 46 and seoured to the inner end of a should¬ ered rod 49 which extends outwardly from the casing 47 and is held therein by a threaded Bleeve or nut 50. The rod 49 is insulated from the casing 47 in any suitable manner. The rod 49 and contact 48 are connected to one side of a battery 51 through a conductor 52, a switch 53, conductor 54, magnetc 55 and the conductor 56; and the contact 46 1b connected to the other side of the battery 51 through the casing 47, chamber 4, the engine frame, and the conductor 57. The switch may be conveniently located for actuation, us for ex¬ ample, adjacent the seat of the automobile or other vehicle in which the engine may be installed. The rod 49 is so ar¬ ranged and seoured within oaBing 47 that a Bpace 58 is pro¬ vided between the latter and the inner end portion of the ro<, which space oommunloates with the interior of ohamber 4. A pipe 59 is connected at one end of the oasing 47 so as to
-10-
communicate with the apace 58, and the other end of thiB pipe is connected to a pump 60 which in turn ie connected by a pipe 61 to the feed or supply pipe 13. Accordingly, on operating pump 60, gasolene or other combustible fuel will be supplied to the expansion or exhaust chamber 4 through the pipe 59 and will pass into the chamber from pipe 59 through the spaoe 58 and past the contacts 46 and 48. Accordingly, on closing switch 53 and fuel thus supplied to chamber 4 will be ignited at the contacts 46 and 48 and the combustion thereof will heat chamber 4 and thereby intake branches 16 and 17 to vaporize the raw particles of fuel in said intake branches. Accordingly, the fuel mixture enter¬ ing the combustion ohambers of the engine will be substan¬ tially free from raw particles of fuel and the same mny be readily ignited to thereby start the engine.
i In ffigure 9 I have shown a mechanical sparking
devioe or plug which may be utilized in place of the electri¬ cal sparking plug shown in J?igB. 1, 2 and 8. This devioe consists of a cylindrical casing 47' adapted to be threaded into an opening therefor in the front wall of ohamber 4. The outer end of oasing 47 « is provided with a head 63 in which a rod 64 is rotatably mounted, ^he inner end of rod 64 has secured thereto a toothed wheel or ratchet 65, and the outer end of -said rod has a crank 66 attaohed thereto whioh may be operated by suitable means (not shown) from any desired point, to turn rod 64 and thereby wheel 66. The pipe 59 through which the gasolene or other fuel is fed into the oasing 47* and thenee to ohamber 4, is secured to said casing adjaoent to toothed wheel 65. Reference oharaoter 67 re-
-11-
presents a pleoe of flint which is slidably mounted in the Bide of casing 47' and in a hollow cylindrical member or guide 68 threaded into the side of said casing. A spring 69 within the guide 68 bears at one end on the flint 67 and maintains the same firmly but yieldingly in engagement with the toothed wheel 65. A rod 70 threaded into the outer end of guide 68 serves as means to adjust the spring 69 and thereby the force with which flint 67 bears against wheel 65, The outer end of rod 70 is provided with a Knurled head 71 to facilitate the adjustment thereof. It will be apparent that rotary movement of rod 64 will cause relative movement i of the wheel 65 and flint 67 to thereby produce sparks which will effect the ignition of the fuel supplied to the casing 47' and chamber 4 through the pipe 59.
My improved oarburetor is best shown in Jigs. 2,
4 and 5. and comprises a substantially cylindrical hollow casing 73 having a passageway 74 extending across the upper middle portion thereof. The walls of casing 73. with the exception of one end wall 75 thereof, and the walls of the passageway 74 are preferably oast in one piece or otherwise Integrally formed, Inference character 76 represents a chamber in the lower part of casing 73 which also extends into the upper part of said casing about the walls of pass¬ ageway 74. The gasolene or other liquid fuel to be vaporiz¬ ed or oarburetted, is fed into the ohamber 76 by the supply pipe 13. An inlet port 77 for the fuel supplied to ohamber 76 by pipe 13. is formed on the inner side of wall 74 and is controlled by a valve 78 slidably mounted for movement re lative to said port in a suitable bearing 79 mounted on the
-12-
inner aide of wall 74. A float 80 ie pivotally mounted within tho ohamber 76 and upon the wall 74 at 81 und ia pro¬ vided with an arm 82 whioh engages between a pair of collars 83 an the stem of the valve 78, and note to automatically control the latter to constantly maintain the liquid fuel at level a. The end portions of passageway 74 are preferably cylindrical and extend beyond the end walls of casing 73, the left hand cylindrical end portion 83 being open and forming an air inlet to the oarburetor, and the right hand cylindrical end portion 84 thereof forming an outlet for the vaporized or carburetted fuel and being suitably oonneoted to tho intake 15. The walls of the passageway 74 interme¬ diate tho end portions 83 and 84 ure bo formed aa to provide the passageway with a substantially V-ahaped portion, the bottom or apex of whioh 1b located substantially midway be¬ tween the end walls of oaslng 73, as clearly shown in Figure 3. The bottom wall of the apex or base of the V-shapod portion of passageway 74 1b preferably thickened and provide l with a small opening or passageway 85 whereby communication is established between the chamber 76 and the passageway 74. The bottom wall of the V-sbaped portion of the pussageway 74 extends slightly below the level a at whioh tho fuel is main¬ tained in ohamber 76 whereby, when tho passageway 88 is open a small quantity of fuel will always be maintained in the bottom of said V-shaped portion of passageway 74. A needle valve 86 for controlling the opening 85 is threaded through the upper wall of the V-shaped portion of passageway 74 and a lug 87 formed on the exterior of said wall. The outer end of said valve is provided with a knurled head 88 to facili¬ tate its adjustment. I-ug 87 is provided with a horizcntal slot 100, extending slightly more than halfway therethrough, and with a vertioal slot 101, running into one end of slot 100, whereby the lug is formed with a resilient portion 87'.
-13-
A screw 103 extends looaely through the reallient portion 87» of the lug and la threaded into the rigid portion thereof, whereby upon tightening aaid aorew the reailient portion 87' will be foroed againat needle valve 86 to Iodic the latter in adjuated poaition. The end wall 75 of oaaing 73 ia uper- tured to fit Bnugly over the oylindrloal inlet portion 83 of the paaaageway 74, and ia remov ably held in place againal a aeat 89 therefor provided on oaaing 73 by meana of a nut
90 threaded on aaid oylindrloal inlet portion 83. A valve
91 ia aultably mounted within the oylindrloal outlet portion 84, aa by meana of a rod 95 vertically and rotatably mounted in aultable bearinga in the walla of aaid portion 84. One end of rod 95 extenda above the outlet portion 84 and haa a crank 96 Beoured thereto whidh may be aotuated by suitable connections (not shown) from any desired point to control the valve 94 and thereby the outlet 84. The orank 96 ia
I provided with an arm or tail 97 having a Borew 98 threaded through the end thereof. The aorew 98 constitutes an ad¬ justable atop and oo-operatea with a lug 99, formed on the exterior of outlet portion 84, to limit the closing movement of valve 91. The paaaageway 74 ia gradually contracted both from the inlet 83 and the outlet 84 towards the base or apex j of the V- shaped portion thereof, the point of greatest oon- ] traotion being at the apex of aaid V-ahaped portion. ThiB | oontraotion la effected by forming the top and bottom walla and the aide walls respectively of the arms of aaid V-shaped portion 80 that they converge aa they approach the apex of of the latter. The aide walla of aaid V-ahaped portion are also inolined downwardly towards each other, aa dearly
-14
shown in Pig. 4. while the top and bottom walls are ourved both longitudinally and transversely of the passageway 74, as shown in i"lgures 4 and 5. The construction and peculiar shape of the Y-shaped portion of passageway 74 effects an increase in the velocity of the air as it passes the base or apex of said portion, and also causes the air in passing from inlet 83 to outlet 84 to first move downwardly and im¬ pinge with great force on the small amount of fuel maintain¬ ed in the base of said V-shaped portion to thereby thoroughlj break up and vaporize or carburet the same and to then pass upwardly with a decreasing velocity from said base or apex of the V-shaped portion to the outlet 84.
I find the simple oarburetor above described to be very efficient and economical in operation. Moreover, it has few parts to get out of order and is readily adjustable.
It is to be understood that various changes in the size, shape and arrangement of the apparatus above de¬ scribed may be made without any departure from the spirit of my invention and the eoope of the appended olaims.
Having now deeoribed my invention, what I claim and desire to protect by letters Patent is as follows:-
(?-• c I?'-1'
U 1. In combination, an internal combustion
engine, means for supping said engine with vaporized fuel and means nf or automatioallyN^urying the amount of air ad¬ mixed with said fuel in aocor^oe with changes in tempera¬ ture, substantially as describe d\
°2. In combination, an iW'nal combustion en¬ gine. a carbureting device, a conduit lading from said de-
-15-
ok.
vioe to Biiid engine, r»nd means for automatically varying the amount of air admixed with said fuel in auid conduit in ac¬ cordance with changes in \temperoture, substantially ns de¬ scribed.
^3. In combination, an internal combustion en¬ gine, an exhaust chamber for\ said engine, means for supply, ing a combustible fluid to said ohamber, and means for effect¬ ing the combustion of suoh fluid in said ohamber to thereby heat the fuel supplied to the dpgine, substantially aB de¬ scribed.
^4. In combination, tin internal combustion en¬ gine, an exhaust ohamber for Bnid\engine, and a conduit for supplying gaBeouB fuel to said engine and leading latter through said exhaust chamber^ substantially aB des¬ cribed.
5. In combination, an internal oombustion « glne, means for supplying vaporized fuel thereto, and means controlled by the heat of the exhaust from said engine for automatically controlling the admixture if air with said vaporized fuel, substantially aB desoribe\l.
6. In combination, an internal combustion en¬ gine, a ourbureting device, and a conduit fir convoying porized fuel from said device to the engine, \sald conduit decreasing in oroBs sectional area from the carbureting de- vloe towards the engine, substantially as described.
^7. In combination, an Internal combustion en¬ gine, and a comparatively large exhauBt ohamber \oomraunioatind
. , s3--' 'v!.vv
directly with the exhaust pory of the engine, substantially as described.
°a. In combination A an internal combustion gine, an exhaust ohamber there foe?, and weans for extracting heat from the exhaust gases in said chamber and utilising same in heating and vaporising fuel conveyed to the en¬ gine, substantially as described,
J9. In combination, anUnternal combustion en¬ gine, a oarbureting device thereforVand a conduit substan¬ tially free from bendB and pockets leading from said devioe to the engine to convey vaporized fu!|l to the latter, sub¬ stantially as described.
10. In combination, an i gine, a oarbureting devioe tyierefor,
lornnl combustion en- conduit substan¬ tially free fromlbonds and^ pockets j leading from Buid devioe to the engine to oonvoy vaporized fuel tb the latter, the said conduit gradually decreasing in cross sectional area towards the engine to thereby offset an iAcroase in the vel¬ ocity of said fuel as it approaches the engine, substantial^ as described.
|p-. 11. In combination, an internal oombustion ei gine, an exhaust ohamber therefor, a signal kdapted to be operated by the exhaust gases of said engine tend communicat¬ ing directly with said ohamber, and means for Controlling communication between Bald ohamber and Bald signal, substan¬ tially as described. i| j
^12. In combination, an internal oodbustion en¬ gine, an exhaUBt ohamber therefor having an outlet, a signal
-17-
<C_ .. 5 b- 3 KnCN^\x
adapted to be operated by the exhaust gaeee from the engine, and means operable to establish bommunication between said f/ chamber and the outlet thereof aAd to out off oommunioation between said ohamber and said sijhal, and vide versa, sub¬ stantially as described. 1
X13. In combination, In internal oombustion en¬ gine, an exhaust chamber therefor 1 means for intro ductings combustible fluid into said ohambet, and means operable from without said ohamber for effecting! the oombustion of the fluid within the ohamber, substantially as described.
X14. In oombtnation.'an internal oombustion en¬ gine, an exhaust ohamber therefor, k oonduit for supplying fuel to the engine and passing throdgh said chamber, means for introducing a combustible fluid Unto said ohamber, and means for effecting the oombustion olf the fluid within the ohamber, substantially as described. I
4.4 1
TLB. In combination, an internal oombuBtion en¬ gine having an exhaust ohamber oommunkoatingtherewlth, a spark plug connected to said ohamber, land means for introdu¬ cing a oombUBtible fluid into said chiLnber through said spark plug, substantially as described.
16. In combination, an internal oombustion en¬ gine having an exhaust ohamber oonneotld therewith, a spark plug applied to said ohamber, and mean! for introducing a oombustible fluid into Bald ohamber through said spark plug and past the oontaots thereof, substantially as desoribed.
''■'17. In combination, an Internal oombustion en¬ gine having an exhaust ohamber oonnooted therewith, a spark-
-18-
ing devioe applied to Bald bhitaber and operable from with- out the latter, and means for Introducing a combustible fluid into said ohamber throug^ said sparking devioe, sub¬ stantially as described.
■9- \
°18. In combination, \ an internal combustion en gine having an exhaust ohamber connected therewith, a spark¬ ing devioe applied to said chamber, and means for introduc¬ ing a combustible fluid into said\ohamber at a point in prox] imity to said sparking devioe, substantially us described.
19, In. combination, aA internal oombustion gine, means for conveying a fluid &el thereto, and means controlled by variations in temperature for controlling the admixture of air with such fuel, substantially as described.
20. In combination, an internal combustion en¬ gine, means for conveying fluid fuel thereto, and means com¬ prising a thermostat for controlling «ie admixture of air with such fuel, substantially as described.
21. In combination, an inteVnal oombustion en¬ gine having an exhaust ohamber connected therewith, means fo f conveying fuel to the engine, and means bomprising a thermo¬ static device applied to said ohamber foA controlling the admixture of air with said fuel, substantially as described.
0g2. In combination, an internsk combustion en¬ gine. means for supplying fuel thereto, ank a thermostatic devioe for controlling the admixture of aid with said fuel, said devioe having means whereby the air admixed with said fuel is first caused to pass around the the^iostat thereof,
-19-
substantially as described.
J'Xl
"Sa. In combination, an internal combustion en¬ gine means for supplying fuel thereto, and a thermostatic device for controlling the admixture of air with said fuel, said devioe having meano whereby the air admixed with said fuel may be caused to first pass around the thermostat therej of ox not, as desired, substantially ao desoribod.
/x^. ' m combination, an internal oombustion en¬ gine. means for supplying fuel thereto, and a thermostatic devioe for controlling the admixture of air with suid fuel, said devioe having means whereby the air may bo admixed with said fuel without affeoting the thermostat thereof, substan¬ tially as described.
A thermostatic devioe for controlling the admixture of air with a supply of vaporised fuel, comprising) a chamber having an outlet port and an inlet port for the ai a thermostat within said ohamber. and a valve for one of sulji ports controllable by said thermostat, substantially as de¬ scribed.
‘f-r
a thermo statio devioe for controlling the admixture of air with a supply of vaporized fuel, comprising a ohamber having an outlet port and an inlet port for the air. a thermostat within said ohamber, and a valve for one of said ports controllable by said thermostat, said ports being so arranged that the air in passing therebetween will paBB around' the thermostat, substantially as desoribed. //$'
A thermoatatio devioe for controlling the
admixture of air with a supply of vaporized fuel, comprising . a ohamber having an outlet port and an inlet port for the air, a thermostat within said Chamber, and a valve for one of said portB controlled by said thermostat, said ports being so arranged that the air in passing therebetween will not substantially affeot Baid tliermoBtat, substantially as desoribed.
js'2a A thermoBtatio device for controlling the admixture of air with vaporized fuel, comprising a chamber - having an outlet port and a pair of inlet ports, a thermo- , atat within said chamber, a valve for Bald outlet port con¬ trolled by said thermostat, one of said inlet ports being bo arranged that the air in passing therefrom to the outlet port will not substantially affeot the thermostat, and the other of said inlet ports being so arranged that the air in passing therefrom to the outlet port will pass around the thermostat, and means whereby either of said inlet ports may be opened or olOBed, substantially as desoribed. _
f 29. A oarburetoV comprising a ohamber, means for
maintaining liquid fuel at a Substantially constant level in said chamber, and a passagewW for conducting air paBt f. the liquid fuel in said ohamber a^d above said level, a por¬ tion of said paesageway being deflected downwardly and having communication with said ohamber, substantially as desoribed.
30. A oarburetor comprising a ohamber, means fo: maintaining liquid fuel at a substantial^ constant level in said ohamber, a passageway for oonduotfta air past the liquid fuel in said ohamber and above Bald I^vel, a portion
-21-
of said passageway being \deflected downwardly and having oommunioation with said ohamber, and adjustable means for controlling the communication between said chamber and pass- ageway, substantially as described.
^31. A oarburetoAoomprising a ohamber, means for maintaining liquid fuel at\a substantially constant level in said ohamber. and a passageway for oonduotlng air past the liquid fuel in said chamber and above said level, a portion of said passageway belngy deflected downwardly and having oommunioation with said chamber below said level, substantially as described. \ ^ . ! - ~J")
*32. A oarburetor oomprlsXng a ohamber for li¬ quid fuel and a passageway for conducting air past and over the fuel in said chamber, said passagewtor being provided with a oontraoted portion having aommuniXation with said ohamber, substantially as described. \
^33. a oarburetor comprising aVhamber fir liquid fuel, means for maintaining the fuel in bbI A chamber at a substantially constant level, and a passagewf& for conduct¬ ing air paBt said fuel and above said level, sXid passageway being provided with a oontraoted portion havingX oommunioatior with said ohamber below Baid level, substantially as desorib-
34. A oarburetor comprising a ohamberun which liquid fuel is adapted to be maintained at a predetermined level, a gas oonduotlng passageway disposed above saM level and provided with a substantially V-Bhaped portion th^ apex
-22-
of which has communication with ^aid ohamher , substantially aa described.
ipiriBing a ohamber for li-
oarburotor
quid fuel, meana for maintaining liquid fuel in said ohamber at a aubatantially conBtant level, land a gaB conducting passageway above aaid level provided with a oontraoted sub¬ stantially V-Bhaped portion, the apex of whloh has communi¬ cation with said ohamber, substantially as described.
J'&. \
'■36. A oarburetor comprising a chamber for li¬ quid fuel, means for maintaining liquid fuel in said ohamber at a aubatantially constant level, and a gas oonduoting passageway above said level provided With a contracted sub¬ stantially V-shaped portion, the apex <^f which has communi¬ cation with said ohamber below said leu described. .
b1, substantially as
&■
l chamber in which
carburetor comprising liquid fuel is adapted to be maintained ^t a predetermined level, a gas conducting passageway disposed above said level and provided with a substantially V-shaped portion, the apex of which has communication with said ohamber, and adjustable means for controlling communication between said ohamber and passageway, substantially aB described. \
JL \
38. A Carburetor comprising a chamber in whioh liquid fuel is adapted to be maintained at a\ predetermined level, a gaB oonduoting passageway disposed above aaid level and provided with a substantially V-shaped portion, the apex
Sliia agrrifirattnu aignrb anb uitturaarb tliia
buy iif
191
(iatlj.
g>tntr nf Nrut 3prary ) ^ (County nf Eiuu'x )
, tljr about nmnrb
prtitinutr, bring buly autnrn, brpuara anVaaya flmV lyfia inritigru nf Hit Initrb g>tatps, anb a rpatbtnt nf Bwllnstont Durllnp;ton County, Hew Jersey
tliat br urrily brlirura IjluiHrlf tn bp tbr original, firat attb anlt inuptttnr nf % imprnupmrnta itt
IIICTRHAL COI.IBUSTXOH BUG I1IT. S
bparriltpb aub rlaitnpb in thr atutrxrb aprrifiration; tlfat l;r bora nnt lmnin anb bnpa nut bpltpup that tlie aauip utaa putr bitmuit nr uatb bpfnrp l|ia iuupntinn nr biarnurry tljprrnf ; nr patputrb nr brarribrb in any printrb puhliration in U;r lluitrb Statpa nf Atnrrira nr any fnrriyn rnuntry bpfnrp Ijta inuptttinn nr biarnurry tlirrrnf, nr utnrr tlian turn yrara prior tn tliia appUrutinu ; nr patrntrb in any rnuntry fnrriyn tn thr lluitrb g>tatra nn an uppliratinn ftlrb utnrp than tuirlur innutlia prior tn tliia appliration; nr in publir ubp nr nn aalr in tl;r Itnitrb s!>tatra fnr utnrp tljan turn yrara prinr tn tlfia appliratinn; anb tljat nn appliratinu fnr patpnt upuu anib inurntinu Ijaa brrn filrb by ijim nr Ifia Iryal rpprparntatinpa nr aaaiyna in any fnrriyn rnuntry:
g’uuirn tn anb aubarribrb brfnrr uip tliia bay nf 191
l&ral]
Notary publir.
2—200
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE
WASHINGTON -Feb.-lSr-lSl-?-, -
— -Byer-&~iHol4a«v .
E-i-tacm-0f-f-ioa-B-14g„->--0Siinge, -
. ----a."-*----
Please find belou, a communication from the EXAM! HER in charge of the application of
■~Ifite-2>n&l~Go»b&at-ien~Engifie*.
Commissioner of Patents, a
This case has been exam Ined.
Claims 1, 3, 5, 19 to 23 oovar a thermostat loally controlled apparatus for preparing a combustible gas. Such devices are independent of uee with any of the alleged inven- V. tions oovared by the other claims. In the office classification,^ they are classified in olass_3Sl-gg; see Lund., 1,017^673, Fab. 13, ISIS Barnard, l,bftCBBffTT5I? 13, 1913 Byrnes, 1 ,lW»788, July 4, 1916 (381-39).
Claims 3, 4, 6 to 10 and 13 to 18 relate to the manifold of an Internal oombustlon engine.
Claims 11 and 13 cover a signal, the use of which is not dependent onthe preeenoe therein of the subject-matter of the other claims; see
hot, i.ijaCeesTip*- 50- 191a.
01.,.. >9 to 40 oartu.ot.. ♦*» - — *“* “»
internal oombuetlon engine.
I.r th. roanon abot. lnOtoat.d, olnl» to -ora than on. all.g.d In, ent Ion. «»».. « pm.„ontod ,» on. «.P„o-
tlon.
-3- (Edison, Jr., 134,386).
All of the olalms are therefore rejected for "misjoinder of invention".
Furthermore, oertain of the claims are anticipated as below indioated. y r^'
Claims 1, 3, 6 and 19 to 33 are anticipated by
Byrnes, above olted.
Olalms 3, 4 and 13 to 18 are anticipated by Good, 1,3 d$78B v7"*De o . 13. 1916.
Claims 7 and 8 are anticipated by Hl*|igton, l.dte^wpiov. 31, 1916 Merrege. I.I^Tt^Tnov. 16, 1915 (351-345)
Claims 9 and 10 laok foundation, since applicant's apparatus is not "substantially free from bends and turns". Furthermore, the said claims are indefinite, sinoe the expression quoted does not define any speolfio structure. Claim 9 is anticipated by Sykora, 1 , offo737l7~June 9, 1914 (133-53)
Olalms 11 and 13 are anticipated by Gray, above olted. Claims 39 t/ 40 are met by
Kingston, 1.13M81, Mar. 9, 1915 (361 - ).
It is noted that a oomplete searoh as to the novelty of the olalms has not been given; ^ f the objeot of such searoh as has been made being to show the independence of various alleged
inventions covered by the olalms.
, , , nA % l9~23'
<&L /’/ e/z »
C{# ■
G4 2. 9-^-6 ■
Examiner.
IH THE UHITED STATES PATENT OFFICE
Thomas A. Edison, Jr.
IMTERHAIi COUBTJS5IOH EH GIBES
Boom Ho. 60
Filed December 1, 1916 Serial Ho. 134,386
EOHORABIE COMMISSI ONES OF PATENTS,
SIR:
In response to the Offioe action of February 16, 1917, please amend the above entitled oaso as follows
Cano el claims 1 to 22 inolusive and 29 to 40
inclusive.
Renumber claimB 23 to 28 inolusive as 1 to 6 inolusive respectively.
REMARKS
In view of the rejection of all the olaims on the ground of "misjoinder of invention", olaims 3, 4, 6 to 18 and 29 to 40 have been canceled. The right is reserved to file a divisional application or applications on the sub jeot matter of these olaims.
I Present claim 1, original claim 23, which the
Examiner held to be anticipated by Byrnes, is believed to clearly and patentably distinguish from this reference by specifying that the thermostatio device has means whereby the air admixed with the fuel may be oauBed to first paBB around the thermostat thereof or not, as desired. Aifc .
allowance of this olaim is accordingly requested.
Action on the merits of the remaining claims is respectfully requested.
Respectfully submitted,
IHOUAS A. EDI SOU , JR.
By
His Attorneys
Orange , 1! . J .
October /tf’T, 1917
WH-JS
2—2(50
ATj>
Paper lTo..._^ —
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE
WASHINGTON . .
. . Dyjax..A..Hol.daJU.
. E£UaQn..omQB._m.d&.-*-QMnseJ.-
Plcase find "below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of the application of
Thomas A. Edison, Jr.. —
Internal Combustion Engines.
Commissions- of Patent).
Casa oonsldarod as amended Oot. 18, 1317.
Claims 3 and 4 are anticipated by Barnard, of reoordj and are rejected.
legal department
January 8, 1918
Mr. Thomas A. Edison, Jr.,
Hotel BrlBtol,
129 West 48th Street,
New York, H. Y.
Bear Mr. Edison:-
In compliance Itt the r.,«e.t contained “ of the 4th lnet.. I » *«“ °” “TO 01 “ °P'
plication paper. o» year «*» >“’• “* ““ “°PI °*
„ report of th. infringement ..arch »nd. °»
"Manifold", together nlth other pap.™ '"!»»»* thereto. •
You .til recall that the thermostat we oor.r.c In the "manifold" appllo.tlon. and that It .«e dootd.d. 1» vie* »* ~ referenoo. cited hy the Eramin.r and of th. change, -hlch yen mad. in the "ncnlfold". to attempt to eeonr. only claim, on the th.rmo.tct in thie application. the cne.tlon of filing a dlr-
applloaticn cr appll.atlcn. « to he decided at a futnr. data. « the present time. thl. 1. th. only application relating „ th. id... mentioned in year letter .hi.h ha. teen mod hy thl, office. this application »c contain, only sir claim, all r.lat- l„g to th. ther.oet.tl. derlce. of "hich claim. 1. 2. » »"« 6 =*“” aliened and claim. 3 snd 4 arc nnd.r rejection on patent 1.032.58E
to Barnard.
Trusting that this is the information you desire. X am
Sincerely yours,
.Registered
Patent Series Patent Application Files
Folio # 1 058 Concrete Structures
Serial#: 143017
Primary Applicant: Edison, Thomas A Date Executed: 1/16/1917
Serial No .
, Folio No |..fc.SS .
Applicant. Address.
.
C--V v t L>wvi^
. k, . .
.NPvVN . Examiner’s Room No. r[Q
^ _
M Assignee .
h . Ass’g’t Exec. . Recorded . Liber Page .
Patent No. . . . Issued .
ACTIONS.
fbtttum
0n tljc ffiommiaaiuner nf $atentB:
$our ipetitioner sigmas a. EDI ROM
a ritifrn nf tlje United »tntea. reaiding and Ijaoing a float ©ffire addreaa at
Llewellyn Pari:, West Orange, Esse:: County, Mew Jersey,
praga tljat letters patent may be granted tn Ijirn fnr tlje tmprnnementa in
act fnrtlj in tlje annexed aprrifiratinn; and Ije hereby appninta Iyer $t gulden (fiegiatratinn No. 3244) a firm rnmpnaed nf Itfranb Si. flyer and Belna Sjolden, mlpiae addreaa ia Edison ©ffire Suilding, ©range, Nem 3eraey, Ijia attorneya, mitlj full pnmer nf aubatitution and rennratinn, tn prnaerute tljia appliratinn, tn make alterationa and amendntenta tljerein, tn rereiue tlje patent and tn tranaart all buBineaa in tlje patent ©ffire rnnnerted tljeremitlj.
S £ E C I F I C A T I 0 H
TO ALL WHOM XT HAY OOBOEP1I :
BE IT KHOWB that I, THOMAS A. ED IS OH, a citinen of the United States, and a resident of Llewellyn Park, Wesi Orange , Essex County, now jersey, have invented oertain now and useful improvements in C Oil CRETE STRUCTURES, of which the following is a desoription:-
This application is a division of my pending ap¬ plication Serial Ho. 448,293, filed August 13, 1908 and entitled Process of Constructing Concrete Buildings.
My invention relates to concrete structures, and more particularly to an improve_d_building which is adapted to he constructed of a cement mixture hy a^inRle. molding operation, all its parts, including sides, roofs, partitions, floorsT'hath tubs, etc. being formed of an integral mass of a cement mixture. This invention is applicable to build¬ ings of any sort, but I contemplate its use particularly for dwellings in which the stairs, mantels, ornamental ceilings and other interior decorations and fixtures may all be formed in the same molding operation and integral with the house itself. The house thus made is practioally indes¬ tructible and is perfectly sanitary. The cost of its con¬
traction is low and it is feasible to beautify such a hous{ far beyond anything now possible in so cheap a manner.
in the production of auoh a building, I first preferably construct a complete double wall house, which forms a mold for the reception of the cement mixture. Thif mold is preferably constructed of cast iron sections remov-
1
ably connected together In any suitable manner, as by means of bolts, dowels, etc., and adapted when the house is con¬ structed and the cement mixture is hardened, to be taken to -pieces and removed and used repeatedly for the construction of an indefinite number of such houses. When the mold has
j been constructed and erected, I connect a number of distrib- uting pipos therewith, which are preferably, arranged at regular intervals at the top of the mold, the said pipes being connected to a common source of supply, which may oon- veniently consist of a vertical riser having a funnel-shaped opening for the reception of the cement mixture.
A Portland cement mixture especially adapted for this work is prepared adjacent to the moia ana is preferably • continuously raised, by moans such as hereinafter described, to the top of the mold and poured into the riser thereon, whence it flows around the top of the moia and is' distrib¬ uted evenly throughout the same. The rate of pouring the j cement mixture into the mold is preferably so regulated.
1' with respect to the hard-setting time of the cement mixture, that the lower sections of the cement mixture in the mold will have hardened before the level of the liquid cement mixture above has risen very greatly, so that only a short column of the cement mixture will act to create hydraulic pressure upon the mold. Because of this, a much lighter and cheaper form of mold ma^emp^oyed, th^jg^the^
The rate of pouring the
a time as possible, to save expense, but if the mixture is poured too rapidly, the molds need to be very heavy to with- Btand tho hydraulic pressure of the liquid cement mixture.
Tho best process of molding is therefore determined by a
I consideration of the hardening time of the cement mixture, which should be quick, the rate of pouring this cement mix¬ ture, and the strength of the mold used, the pouring being at such a rate as compared with tho hard-setting time of the cement mixture that only a short column of cement mixture will act to oreate hydraulic pressure upon the molds, and this will not be too groat for the strength of the molds used.
Other objects and features of my invention will be hereinafter more fully described and olaimed.
In order that the invention may be better under¬ stood, attention is directed to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this speoification, and in which:
figure 1 represents a vortical cross seotion on line A-A of figure 2, and shows an erectod mold, all the movable sections connected together, in which the pouring of I the cement mixture has progressed up to a pbint about midway of the second story of the house, the cement mixture at the
I bottom having hardened and being liquid at the top;
figure 2 represents a plan view of the mold, show¬ ing the vertical riser ana the distributing troughs;
figure 3 is a vertical oross seotion and figure 4 is a side elevation of several of the mold Bootions , show¬ ing the preferred method of spacing and connecting the same;
3
Figures 5 and 6 are details showing the appearance of the walls of the house aftor the molds and holts have heer removed, in Figure 5, and in Figure 6 after the holt holes have boon filled} and
Figure 7 is a side elevation partly in seotion showing the method of mixing oonorete and elevating the .same to the top of the mold and pouring the same therein.
The same referonoe oharaoters are used throughout the various figures to refer to corresponding parts.
X preferably use for the molding operation a cement mixture formed of crushed stone, quartz or similar materials having partioles varying from 1/4 to l/2 inch in diameter, say five parts; ordinary sand, say three parts; and Port¬ land oement, say one part; although these proportions may he considerably varied. Enough water is used to foim an emulsion having suffiolent fluidity to flow readily to all parts of the mold. During the setting of the mixture the water enters into chemical combination in the usual way, and if any surplus water is present it will appoar as a mere dampness, wliioh quickly dries out. In order to prevent settling of the crushed material during the molding opera- \ tion and before setting commences and the resulting objeo- \ tionablo segregation of the ingredients, I find that by add- ; ing a comparatively small amount of fine clay to the mixture, say twenty percent of the oement used, the tendency to sett¬ ling is greatly diminished, while at the same time the amount
of water used is sufficient to give a high degree of fluidity .
to the emulsion and permit very suocesBful molding. \
As shown in Figure 7, the oonorete is mixed in mixers 1 and 2. The mixture is poured out of either mixer into a tank 3, where it is tested. If it is found to ho a oorreot mixture, it is allowed to flow into agitator tank 4; otherwise it is poured on the ground. Agitator 6 is con¬ stantly rotated hy means of shafts 6 and 7, oarrying inter- meshing gears 8 and 9, shaft 7 being rotated from a souroe of power. The well mixed concrete in tank 4 is elevated hy means of buckets 10 of an endless bucket conveyor 11 to the top of the mold, where it is poured through funnel 18 into the vortical riser 13 of the mold. The oonveyor is guarded by a shield 14,
Referring particularly to Figures 1, 3 and 4, • the mold is preferably made of sections in the form of castings, as 15, 15, having flanges 16, 16. These castings
I are formed with bosses 17, 17, from which radiate ribs 18. The mold walls are held together and spaoed apart such a distance as to form a wall of the requisite thiclcness in the space 19 between them by means of bolts 20, carrying wooden waBhers 21 on the inside of the mold walls and oonorete aloe 22 between the washers. The bolts may be drawn up tightly and secured by nuts 23 on the ^taeide-) of the bosses. The mold sections are held together by means of the bolts 24 extending through the horizontal flanges carrying nuts 25 and by boltB 26 through the vertical flanges, bolts 26 oar¬ rying nuts 27. The mold sections .are preferably arranged in Btaggered relation, as shown in Figure 4. To guard against the trapping of air and consequent imperfection of the molded cement mixture when the structure 1b finished,
1 provide at various points in the mold where air is liable
Vos
5
i to trap, as for example, in tho floors and partitions and
| wherever the mixture has to flow through tortuous channels,
a number of air vonts 28 whioh will allow the escape of
the air hut will prevent the escape of the mixture. One
way in whioh I may construct such air vents consists in
making flanged openings in tho mold sections, whioh are
closed by an outor screen, preferably of coarse wire mesh,
29, and by an innor lining of filter^oloth , 30. These
vents, as shown, are formed with flange's 31.
A
While a house of the character described may be i made of cement mixture alone, a muoh bettor and stronger house may be made if the structure is reinforced with prop¬ erly formed metal reinforoing rods. Suoh rods if used may be seoured to tho mold in any way that will offer prop¬ er support to the rods during the molding process and will not prevent the removal of the mold seotlons after the | house is completed. In the drawings, reinforcing rods 32, 33 ana 34 are shown fastened together at the points where they cross each other hy wires 36 wrapped a few times around them. These rods carry sleeves 36 formed of the cement mixture used in tho construction of the house, which support the i*o d s against the contiguous surface of the mold. The house shown in the drawing has a cellar, two stories and a i roof. The cement mixture, whioh is preferably poured oon^ tinuously into vertical riser 13, flows therefrom" through troughs or pipes 37 and 38, whence it is distributed evenly through the various parts of the mold, thus preventing se-
Igregation of tho components of the mixture. The pouring is \preferahly continued until the whole mold, forming tho com¬ plete house, is filled to the highest point and the mixture has risen part way up into riser 13. The pouring operation
is preferably conduotod continuously, and preferably very rapidly, bo that, for example, in a house forty feet high, tlio whole of the mixture will be poured in three or four hours. In such a case, if the mixture in the vertical sec¬ tions of the mold remained entirely liquid during the entire period of pouring tho same, the iron mold seotions would he subjected to hydraulic pressure of several thousand pounds per square foot, which would require that these sections would have to be made very heavy to stand the pressure and not to bo distorted thereby. By my method of pouring, however, and by using a rapidly hardening cement, ground very fine, tho bottom of the column of the oomont mixturo formed between the vertical mold walls for, say, two or three feet, is hardened sufficiently to prevent it from flowing or exerting hydraulio pressure on tho adjacent mold seotions when tho oolumn has risen to tho first story, or say, ton foot. In the example given, the mold sections, of course, would have to be made of greater strength than that nooessary to -withstand the pressure of a oolumn of liquid concrete seven or eight feet high.
After tho mixturo has stood for a sufficient length of time for perfeot hardening, the mold seotions are removed by unscrewing the various nuts 23, 26 and 27, etc., and removing the bolts and also washers 21. Conorete sleeves 22, which serve to^spaoe the mold walls apart the proper distance, having become merged in tho integral struc¬ ture of the wall of tho building, the holes left by the removal of the bolts 20 and washers 21 are filled by the insertion of a suffioient quantity of oement mixture. The ^ house or structure thus formed in one operation may be of any oonvenient ornamental design, and may be tinted or col¬ ored in the most artistic manner.
7
Having now described my invention, what I claim II and desire, to protect by Letters patent is as follows
»+.® ■hniinn1 (molded in a single
1, An. integral'lfonoreto house1 (molded in o^iratiori), ''sui)atantially as described
A oonorete st-rho-ture (oast ip
a single oper-
ationjf a homogeneoua^rnixtura of cement (and reinforced by metal rods carrying 8upportins\Bleeve8 of cement mixture, substantially as described.
3. A monolithic builVing formed of an integral mass of concrete free from" seams Wch as are produced when like structures are,foW by ponding the concrete mixture intermittentl^^bstantlally as described.
-4-1 A building comprising vertioa'ljjide walls and a. roof formed, of an integral homWenoous ,mass of oon- IcretSe'f^U'lns such as are produced when like struc¬ tures are formed by pouring the concrete mixture intermitt¬ ently^ substantially as described.
% A building comprising a Ux-sided apartment and formed^' '^?i^egrai>88 of ooncreVe £ree from seams such as are produced when like structure^are formed by | pouring the concrete mixture intermittent^), substantially described.
a building comprising a plurality of Bix- | sided apartments, one above the other, and formed of an
of concrete^- from seams su\h as are pro¬ duced when like structures are formed by pouAng the con¬ crete mixture intermittently), substantially a<\ described,
OATH
STATE OP NEW JERSEY )
: SS.:
COUNTY OP ESSEX )
THOMAS A. EDISON, the above named petitioner, whoBe application for Letters Patent for process of Constructing Concrete Buildings, Serial No. 448,293, was filed in the United States patent Offioe on or about August 13, 1908, and of which this application is a division, being duly sworn, deposes and says that he is a oitizen of the United States, and a resident of Llewellyn Park, West Orange, in the County of Essex and State of Hew Jersey; that he verily believes himself to bo the original, first and sole inventor of the improvements in CONCRETE STRUCTURES described and claimed in the annexed speoifioation; that he does not know and does not believe that the same was ever known or used before his invention or discovery thereof or patented or described in any printed publication in the United States of Amerioa or any foreign oountry before his invention or disoovery thereof or more than two years prior to August 15, 1908, or patented in any oountry foreign to the United States on an application filed more than twelve months prior to August 13, 1908; or in public use or on sale in the United States for more than two years prior to August 13, 1908; and that no application for patent upon said invention has been filed by him or his legal representatives or assigns in any for¬ eign oountry.
CL *
Subscribed and Bworn to before me
this | day 191?.
NOTARY PUBLIC, STATE OF l!E\Y JERSEY commission Expires July, 2, 1917
-70
Dlv. Hoom.
2-200 Paper No _ 2— ( F.e j )
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE
WASHINGTON Apr-11 ft, 1017,
-Uy^T---und~Nolden,
APR 5 1917
- Edison-OCilce-Eldfl^.,..
_ Or-iinge.,— 11.JU
Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of the application of
_ Tft'T'irf' 1 Trtianri' j/llA?)017) f j 1 tl d iT an . 18 , 1,917 j _ — - _
— Concrete— Struo.tuxeiL. - - - - — i_ -
j M A I L E D |
CommiiBimar of Patents. O
Pig. 7, lino 1, page 0, should he Pig- 6.
^ine 9 from, tho bottom, page 5, "inside”, it Ies thought should ho outside.
■The following rofproncon sire,- cited: . ~
Votaw, 872*393, Jlec. 5, 1907; 72-9 X;
Howe, 863jl8l , t^E&ugf 13 , 1907; 72-9;
Winslow.,. . 77^117, POct.ll,. 190/1; 72-9;.
and Lawrence 2B8^072, v'*"OV . 6, 1883; 72-15.
states
Applicant WKH.S in claims 1 and 2 that the house is molded in. a single operation, when no new structure whatever is
set forth in these claims. It is obvious, therefore, that the applicant
O&sumcttft depends for his alleged novelty, not upon the structure, but upon the steps of molding rooited.
A claim which attempts tho defining of the structure by the method 'of making it is informal and it iB therefore objected to. i
Applicant; .already had received p patent No. 1,219,272, for the steps or molding: .concrete and cannot receive anothor patent for the same, .thing under , the guise of structure. It is utterly I «v'f| ,. immaterial -*h«A claims of structure are considered, whether the A house be molded. in a single operation or a number thereof. J
^143,017—2
nti top of this devlot
base
molded by pouring, it, in thought tho txxx. 1 ikewiss
Claims 3, 4, 5 and 6 depend altogether on the freedom from soams of tho building to define a patentable difference over the art. Such distinction at best in a negutive one al¬ together and the 4aims arc therefore objected to.
Claims 1 to 6 define nothing patentable ac far as structure is concerned, over Ltuvrenne , and they are rejected uccordingly. Applicant is not the first to mold structures of ono integral piece, molded in substantially a single operation. Such ox- pedient is old in Hov/e where an artidl'e of manufacture is form- \ ed of oonorete, all tho parts thereof, such as a base, wallB, shelving and the equivalent o'- the roof are integrally formed.
' In Votaw a cistern is molded with the base, sides and toy
all integral. If the sides and top of th is device are integrally
i could be i ourod 1 mold.
Since it is old to cast riKXKX structures of very complicated
deeign, such as tanks, locomotive cylinders which consist of
partitions, vertical walls, tops, oto., with numerous poured ou^ steam
parts for riHS&j and exhaust, oto., all in a single pouring or opera¬ tion, it io considered there would bo nothing patentable whatever in usin" the same steps in casting such plastic us concrete or similar composition. The problems are very much the same. There must be provided numerous vents for the gases in oast metal, the head or pressure of metal must bo taken care of by pouring very olowly so that the base part will hurden some-hat while the upper purt is still being poured.
Claims 1 to 6 are further rejected upon Lawrence in view of the b ta te of the art in concrete as ohown in the other references,. . and in view of what is old and well known in easting of metal.
^his easting of metal is not necessarily a non-ahalogous art. It
#143,-17—3
i.8 very analogous throughout. Halted '■ metal f.lo7/B when ready Tor mold inc and bo does concrete , ' and both oet.or harden.
Cl a imo 7 and e relate wholly to a oomtositinn of mattor in the recitation of clay of a certain proportion mixed with the oonorete.
It is .recorded ao immaterinl bo fur an structure is con¬ cerned whether the Lawrence structure contain clay or not in the oomont thereof.
Thene claims are accordingly rejected upon LawSence .
It is believed the patentable subject matter hnn boon fully exhausted by the patent ullpwed to the process.
Examiner Liv. 33.
IH THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE
* - - * eoncrete wSdliS formed °r * homogenoras
1 mass of cement mixture, euld moaa beinEAin a state of sub
Istsntlally uniform cohesion throughout and being "infer... bs metal red. carrying supporting °' °““t
substantially as described.
%. A comprising vertical side walla
and a roof formed of an integral homogeneous mass of con- | orete , said mass being^in a state of substantially uniform cohesion throughout, s^stantiany^^^
4. '''Shipbuilding comprising a sir-sided ^wtoe^ and., formed of an'i^^BS of concrete,, said mass being,
| in a state of substantial^**^™ oohosion throughout.
j substantially as described.
comprising a plurality of six-
elded apartment e,'oiie^phoro^t1lgo1'llor’ “* 1<T?L° ■
integral homogeneous mas. 'of, ..aSj^c. eld —• »*“* “
. steto of substantially uniform ophoajhm^throughout, sub-
I stantially as described, j- _ J - - - -
Henumber claims V and B aB Add the followiflif'clairas :
_ Add une <1^1 Jfl - - -
8. A Portland cWmt mixture containing clay,
substantially as described. \
9 A Portland cement\ixture containing clay in the proportion of substantially tu\y percent of the .mount Of cement, substantially as desoribed\-
H E M A H K S
In view of the transfer of the drawings from appli¬ cant's application Serial Ho. 143,018 to the present appli¬ cation, the change indicated in the first paragraph of the Office action is believed to be unnecessary.
Hone of the claims as now presented define the structure by the method of making it. Each of claims 1 to 5 inclusive covers a building or house in positive and def¬ inite terms of structure.
Applicant has evolved a new method which is claimed in his patent Ho. 1,219,872 and alBo q. new building or house whioh is produced by sucih method. There are decisions to the effect that one who first discovers a new method is entitled to claims for the method and, providing the product resulting from such method is new, he is also entitled to claims for the product if such product can be distinguished from former known products. In this connection, attention is directed to General Bakelite Co. vs. Mikolas, 225 S’. 539.
Hone of the references discloses a concrete house or building forraod of an integral homogeneous mass of cement mixture or concrete, which mass is in a state of substantially uniform cohesion throughout, as specified in claims 1 to 5.
The walls of the concrete building disclosed by patent Ho. 288,072 to Lawrence are molded in thd usual way by ramming the liquid oonorete into a mold section around the skeleton
I frame of the building, allowing the mixture to set and harden in said section, and then raising the section and again ramm¬ ing the oonorete mixture into the same and on top of the oon-
orete whioh has set or hardened; this operation being re¬ peated until the walls are completed. The house obtained by this process is inferior to applicant's house, as there will be seams between those sections of the walls molded at different times, which seams tend to weaken the structure and to allow moisture and frost to penetrate the same.
The patent to Howe does not anticipate any of claims 1 to 5, as it fails to disolose whether or not the catch basics disclosed therein is formed of a seamless mass of concrete. Howe does not describe the catch basin as made in a single molding operation and of a homogeneous mass of conorete, nor does he specify that the concrete mass is in a state of uniform cohesion. The patent to Votaw fails to anticipate any of claims 1 to 5 inclusive for similar reasons. Moreover, the base of Votaw' s cistern is not molded at the same time as the sides, and it is not apparent how it could be. The specification of this patent describes the bottom of the cistern as made before or after the forma¬ tion of the other parts.
Claims 6 and 7, former claims 7 and 8, respective¬ ly describe a concrete building formed of a novel cement mixture. It is submitted that it is not immaterial whether a structure such as disclosed by Lawrence contains olay or not in the cement thereof. The use of the cement mixture specified in these claims in place of the cement mixture used in Lawrence's structure results in a superior product, namely, a building or house of concrete whioh is substantial¬ ly homogeneous throughout and in whioh there is substantially no segregation of the ingredients. In such a case, the substitution of one material for another has frequently been
I I hold to constitute invention. In this connection, attention is directed to Eureka Blotter Bath Co. vs. Nicholas et al., 157 jp. 556; National 'i'ooth Crown Co. vs. McDonald, 117 F , 617.
New claims 8 and 9 presented herewith are drawn to applicant's improved cement mixture. These claims are believed to he allowable and are thought necessary in order to adequately protect applicant in his invention.
Applicant cannot agree with the Examiner that the patentable subject matter has been completely exhausted by the patent granted oovering the process. By the process covered in the patent referred to, upxjlicant iB enabled to obtain a building of concrete wliioh is superior to and dif¬ ferent in its structure from any of the buildings or struc¬ tures disclosed by the references. Furthermore, the claims drawn to the building definitely, set forth features which distinguish from the disclosures of the prior art, and these claims should accordingly bo allowed.
In view of the above, further consideration and allowance are requested.
Respectfully submitted,
THOMAS A. EDISON
I April 2nd, 1918 WH
CMK/Ho.
'Paper No. .£...(£«
l Os ^
date of filing*, title of 1
UNITED STMiTEg’fATENT OFFICE
May. 18...1918.
Edison Off lot Bid's.
[uXPMtN' UFFlC.
MAY 181^3
Please find, below a communication, from the EXAMINER in charge of the application of
Thomas A, SdiBon. tor Conorote Structures, filed Jan, 18 t _
1917, 3er. Mo. 103,017.
Commissioner of Patents.
Amended April 3, 1918.
The olaiinB are drawn to separate and distinct inventions as follows;
Claims 1-6 are drawn to one alleged invention.
Claims 6-9 are drawn to another alleged invention, a oom- pOBltion of matter, independent altogether from the building structure and classified in Div. 6, olaes 106. Division is therefore required between claims 105 and olalms 6-9* Further notion on the merits will he had when the requirement for '
/
; diviBion has been complied with.
Xhe referenooa cited show compositions of matter ln which olay enters as an element of the oompoeition.
Examiner, Div. 33.
IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE
Thomas A. Edison CONCRETE STRUCTURES
Room Ho. 70
Filed January 18, 1917 Serial Ho. 145,017
HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS,
SIR:
In response to the Offioe action of May IB, 1918, please amend the above entitled case as follows
Cancel claims fr'to 9 inoluBive.
REMARKS
The requirement for division haB been complied with by canoeling claims 6 to 9 inclusive. The right is reserved to file a divisional application on the subject ! matter of the oanoeled olaims.
An action on the merits is requested.
Respectfully submitted ,
THOMAS A. EDISON
Orange, H. J. By
January -2 <2 , 1919
WH
His Attorneys
2-200
CMR/Mo.
DEPARTMENT. OF- THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT
WASHINGTON _
Dyes & Holden Edison Office Bia'g,
Orange, H. J.
Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of the application of
#146,017, Thomas A, Edison, Oonorete Struotures, Jen. 18, 1917,
CommiMioner of Patents.
Amended Jan. 23, 1019*
Claims 1, 3. 4 and 5 are again rebooted npon the references
and reasons ,of reoord, os set forth in the Offioe letter of Jani^_. ary 18. 1917’.' The terms "of an intogral- hbrndgeheohs' mass" ana ''state.ofsubstantially uniform cohesion" are but the natural oottdltlon of a well made ana well placed oonorete of rather thin initial consistency. The fact that the oonorete mixture isrendered considerably more fluid by admixture of other substances, relates to the oompoBitlon altogether. It is considered, after -the ocnoret#
is placed, it has no unusual character istios, end even If it had the struoture of the house, it would be no different. It woula be the coasrete per so that was different. f -
Claim S is rejected upon laurenoe in view of Iyon, 718,009, Jan. 6, 1903; 72-122. In lyon it is old to provide sleeves of metal to spaoe. reinforce rods from the moldB. To use such spacers in iAurenee would not he invention. The ohoioe of oonorete as a
spacer rather than metal is net invention hut expediency.
’"'OeiVCD.By •
IM THE UNITED STATES PA TEST OFFICE
Thomas A. Edison CONCRETE STRUCTURES Filed January 18, 1917 Sarlal Mo. 143,017
Room Mo. 70
HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS,
SIR:
in responss to the Offloe action of March 3, 1919, plaass amend the above entitled, case, as follows:
/
Pago 2, cancel the sontenoe In lines 26 to 28 as amended April 3, 1918 and substitute therefor the following sentence; It Is also very desirable that
the flow of cement mixture Into the mold should not be Intermittent, as an Intermittent pouring tendB to pro¬ duce seams, whereas when the mixture Is poured continu¬ ously the concrete mass, after It sets and hardens, will be In a state of substantially uniform ooheslon through¬ out, or, in other words, will be of substantially uniform tensile strength throughout because of the absence of any seams. - ,
Claim 1, llVio 1, after "house" Insert ■ Ing a plurality of superposed apartments and - .
Insert the following as claim 2:
comprls-
2. An Integral concrete house comprising a plurality of apartments and formed of a homogeneous mass of cement mixture, said mass be Lng In a state of substan¬ tially uniform cohesion throughout, substantially as de¬ scribed.
Renumber ^alm. 2 presented In the amendment of April 3, 1918 as claim 3. /
In line 1 of claim 3, presented In the amendment of April 3, 1918, cancel "building" and Insert - house - . Renumber thLs clalpi as olalra 4.
Cancer olalras 4 and 5 presented In the amendment of April 3, 1918.
EEUABIS
April 3, 1918 1
Because the claims presented In the amendment of ^ j were rejected "upon the references and reasons of record"
It Is assumed that the Examiner Is adhering to his original j position that, because applicant has received a patent Mo. 1,219,272 for the steps of molding conoreto, he cannot re¬ ceive another patent for the same thing under the guise of structure. For thlB reason and because of the character of the references on which the Examiner Is relying. It seemB desirable to oonsLder the questions Involved here broadly.
In order that the Examiner may fully understand applicant's point of view.
Applicant's first conception obviously must have
2
j
been tho homogeneous oonorete house or building es now de- j fined In the claims. This was an entirely novel conoep- j tlon because no one before hire, so far as the record shows,
I
had ever conceived of a monolithic house without seams or j joints. Tho speclfio references cited by the Examiner will ] bo discussed hereinafter to substantiate this statement.
After the conception of tho article applicant went further j and conoelved a novel process for making that article, ; and that process has now been patented, as the Examiner has j pointed out. |
This application Is before the Office only because ; the Offloe took the position In the application which re¬ sulted in patent no. 1,219,272, that the proooBs and article were different Inventions. Whem, therefore, the Examiner assorts that the grant of the patent for the !
process bars a patent for the article, it would appear that j he Is In substance, at least, reversing the original hold¬ ing of the Office.
The references cited by the Examiner can be j
grouped Into two classes. The first are such patents as those to Lawrence and Votaw in which a building or what for | the purpose of argument, may be admitted to be the equivalent* of a building, is made up In the manner which has already been passed on In substance by the Board of Examiners- In- Chlef as not constituting an anticipation of applicant's Invention. In the prosecution of the application which resulted in patent Bo. 1,219,272, the Examiner In charge of that application cited references In which a building was formed In successive stages In which a lower section waB
3
harden, and
first Ira tit up In molds and allowed to set or then an upper section plaoed on this lower section by moving the molds upward. The Examiners- in-chlef In their deolslon distinguished between applicant's structure In which each Increment of the concrete mixture has another Increment added to It before the first Increment has had tlmo to sot, and structures In which the first Increments are permitted to harden before subsequent Increments are added. The deolslon of the Examine rs-ln-0 hie f should be taken as the law of this application, and the Examiner should not now taka the position that structures, suoh as Lawrence and votaw, which those patents say plainly are j
to be made a portion at a time, are the same as appll- j
cant's structure In which there Is no division line any- j
where between successive additions of the mixture.
It la probably unnecessary to restate the reasons | for the distinction between these two classes of structures which controlled the Examiners- In-Chlef In their deolslon. Sight must not be lost, however, of the fact that where a portion of concrete Is permitted to set and harden before another portion Is added to It, a Joint or opening Is always possible which, particularly In a house, would be highly objectionable, nor that, whore the bulld'lng Is formed as applicant raake3 It, the possibility of suoh joints Is removed.
The second class of roferenoas which the Ex* amlner has cited are those of which the patent to Howe Is an example. With this group should probably be Included the general statements which the Examiner has made as to
4
the analogy between casting cement artloles ana casting metal articles, and the known methods employed In the lat¬ ter. The claims In this application, particularly as now revised, define applicant's article specifically as a house or building. Applicant throughout has never had anything in mind except the production of a habitable structure fit for the occupation of human beings both In Its size and | «ozm. Such a building If It Is to have any utility for | more than soma Inconsequential purpose?, must be provided ' wLth floors and a roof, and usually with a number of apart- j ments, either side by side or superimposed, or both.
Applicant's real -invention Is not anticipated by ! the mere suggestion that some concrete structures can be molded as a homogeneous mass. The fact Is that the single ; reference cited by the Examiner as bearing on this point, viz., the patent to Howe, does not describe In any way how he proposes to form hln oatoh basin. for purposes of argument, however. It may be assumed that there have been | i articles molded of cement or the like In the same manner | that metals are oast. Until, however, the Examiner can ] a reference showing such an article with the shape |
necessary to produce a habitable house. It Is believed j
that the Examiner's position has no foundation In fact, j
even from his own point of view, which apparently Is that :
the size or character of the article to be, produced Is Im- ; material. The projections shown In Howe are by no means | the equivalent o£ vertical or horizontal partitions because, , while It is conceivable that a collapsible core could be
it con¬
form^ to cast such a projection In Howe, It Is oelvable that a complete horizontal or vertical partition j dividing the chamber of Howe's structure, could be formed. j E0r is the "roof" of Howe of the character that would function as the roof of a house. Howe provides a large opening which he proposed covering by a cover of an entirely different material from that of the oatch basin. The Examiner Is Invited to consider the difficulties of monu- ! factoring Howe's article If the top thereof were to be j formed Integral with the side walls; In other words, so i that there would be no large opening through which a core ' could be removed.
It Is believed, however, that the Examiner Is looking at this Invention In a spirit which Is too narrow. Applicant's contribution Is to the art of building struc- | tures and not to the making of small articles of various j kinds for all sorts of purposes. He has conceived a structure which Is novel and a process by which that
structure can be made. Every reference which the Exam¬ iner has cited from building structures or anything ap¬ proaching them, has defects which are not found in the structure covered by the present claims. Vague dis¬ closures, such as that of Howe or broad suggestions that small articles are cast In metal, are surely not sufficient grounds for the rejection of applicant's bold conception that a house or building large enough for human habitation could be formed as a homogeneous monolith with all of the defects of previous suggestions along this line removed.
It is believed that If the Examiner considers the present
6
claims from a broad standpoint, and particularly In the I light of the decisions of the Examiners- In-Chlef In pass- I mg on applicant's companion cases, he will see that the claims now presented are clearly allowable.
It is believed that the Examiner has misappre¬ hended the meaning of "In a state of substantially uniform cohesion throughout" In the claims. This language as | defined In the specification, Is Intended to apply to the entire masB which constitutes the house or build Lng, and distinguishes from such structures as Lawrence and Votaw in which there necessarily are seams or joints between the I several sections of the cement where a first section has been permitted to harden before a second section Is epplled thereto. In other words, in the prior art there was al¬ ways. at some point In a wall, a line of division; In applicant's structure, there Is nowhere such a line of division’. It Is believed that the words used aptly de¬ scribe this characteristic of applicant's structure. The Examiner Is correct In saying that this phrase applies to the natural condition of a well-made and well-placed concrete. But no one before applicant has perceived the advantage of carrying this condition throughout the entire structure or has produced suoh a structure.
in view of the above, further oonslderatlon and
allowance are requested.
Respectfully submitted,
THOMAS A. T5DIS0K
Orange, K. J. Rebruary^*^, 1920.
[DMAS A.
3y X2l. t&L —
^ His Attorneys.
WH-KS
UMD/W. ciias of the oppllcac
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIOE
WACUIMPTHM “Or. 19. 19E0.
Amended Peb.26, 1920.
She claims ore again rejected upon the reasons of reoord.
It ie the opinion of the Offioe that the patent to the prooeee fully exhausts the novelty in' this ease. There ia nothing left on, whioh' to base a patent on structure. Such procedure of granting a patent to structure would result in double patenting. The foot that a miBtake was n»de in one' division doe b not neoesBarily mean that other divisions must perpetuate that mistake by allowing a patent to natter whioh should have been olained in the original or parent oase. '
Ho reason is seen for reoeding from the stand token as to the portinSnoy of the rbierenoes. if aiiy JUfferenie ftxists be¬ tween applicant* s oonhiruotion and that of the references, it all depends^pon the partioular owthod of molding or pouring/the house, whioh is covered by the patent Bo. 1 ^219. £72. of whioh this is a division, '
Since in issue his been ‘reaohedY aotion is herewith made final and appealabib. Tliis rejection applied to claims 1. 3 and 4 and to new olaim £ as well.
Aot*g. Examiner, Div. 33.
Patent Series Patent Application Files
Folio # 1 059 Storage Battery
U.S. Patent#: 1266780
Primary Applicant: Edison, Thomas A
Date Executed: 1/16/1917
J)/A$HAM OF Comit/ms,
/Mattc/T <2, W&.
roee Full Length of Battery-
m
'f-Heatms Tube ri'pA yZd-^'Tome..
Steel Tubing Lined with Au/ndum Cement. ffesisrAr/ce Ghl Then Drawn in mo Tube Tilled With Ce/heNT 'T/ohmS.
m
7fkL/IY and ■ | Bell To Show CHANGES or Thermostat.
ATTtree%/A
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qlL
LVi, (\cunS- t.
CX 4JleKnXvr\
\r^cJT«A SW^ I
-
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Sincerely yours J
i:
Ur. Thomas A. Edison.
Orange, Hew Jersey.
”e“ Slr;- di. Lw.-X*. « "*1 I
Inclosed you will please find a sketch ahd disciptionnor a |
Battery Hester to he used in conjunction with your type of nickel-iron storage battery. &£*(» /
The idea being to warm the electrolyte/ of. the cells in order to overcome thier sluggish operation during cold weather or in cold climates. The device takes its current direct from the battery and iff properly constructed should not in any manner interfere with the proper operation of the battery.
Patent procedings have been started: < and I trust you will giye this matter your attention and advise me accordingly.
The following is an effioent and eeonimical method of keeping the electrolyte of storage hattries at t^e maximum efficenoy during cold weather.
It consists esstensively of a length of iron wire A. (see sketch) which is immerssed in the electroyte of each cell composing the battery, ana is insolated from ajoining plates by means of a rubber or asbestoes sheet B. Bach cell has one of these heaters and all are connected in series.
A thermometer C. is inserted in one of the cells composing the battery, this thermometer has two oontaots tapped at 1. and 2. and is connected in suoh a manner that a contact is made when the mercury in the thermometer reaches a oertian height; this closes the circuit bet¬ ween one of the cells and the tripping coil of a circuit breaker.
The 'operation is thus;- The closing of the circuit breaker comp¬ letes the circuit between the battery and the heating elements therein. The temperature of the electrolyte of each cell is raised until the thermometer in the pilbttcell indicates a maximum allowable temperature. The circuit is then automatically opened.
Richard G. Whipple
[ON BACK OF PREVIOUS DOCUMENT]
CCf^CP-C]
rr. ..diBon. ^W iM-^l ^owah^^
Referring to your notations on ’the attaoWed letter of \j±jJL(L £Ls lUjS*-v*'t?-M'aJ C^' kx.ttX.cJL »<A Id to you, ]
Richard G. Whipple addressed
i patent application has
been filed by us on .our starter battery. Moreover, ttie..q-usstioi
. •OAa-* So-uu t- l(i*uv> — Cl 'U»-A* J- (tf-eJie.vJiZJL Ly
of filing an1 application on such a flattery lias never been eub- I f\V^e, 2)0 &=' %. I
mitted to this department. Mr. Jr./A. Bachman stateajthau in, - ?— ■*£■
February, 1916, Mr. Ac^erCsi^Li^ed‘<|:o |ork'p^th| development of ^
i battery, in which thg principlipof heating the air inran, \WJlX*jC \JU*S%~V2*4 L U-O l e*-c.*.-,**># v
such £
air spaoe provided betw'een"the battery ^ray and cells was em¬ ployed in order to maintaftyffli^ electrolyte at a suitable tem¬ perature. Mr. Hutchison) Mso states taat. Mr.* Walter Holland «<■ - Y
[<MLJU £ A-i~ tor Cc*_«J~v~jfc <*,ww
some time in 1911 or 1912, also constructed st staijti^ wherein the air in a spkoe* ‘freliwe e»5fe e battery trdy and cells
was heated. Both Mr. Bachman ^nd Mr. /Hutchison state that they , , «r^4,pCo -J Os¬
hava no Knowledge of a starter battery devej^ped by us wherein
the electrolyte was heated directly. MrSruuHman also advises me that the starter battery on which Aokp«F,'tfas been working has never been very satisfactory, and has nSV55 been developed to such a point as to warrant the filing of an application for patent thereon.
r
WH-JS
Patent Series Patent Application Files
Folio # 1 081 Production of Molded Articles
U.S. Patent#: 1353152
Primary Applicant: Dinwiddie, William W
Date Executed: 8/1 5/1917
August 8, 1917.
i s or" <v< ( > *-
Mr. Edison:
Do you v.ish the application' of Mr. Dinwiddle relating to the wash fluid for molds consisting of a solution of ohloride of tin assigned to Dew Jersey Patent Co. qs usual?
o .you desire to see this application before it is filed?
v/h/ju
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•<e^ -^/v • ^ ^i- i '^»*"^c . ■:(*&(' >m a./ . . ^(14-o-f: » 0&*" f^\
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■ ':bc&£.:. cf >/. £&**&&% ?A.
et-^e _ -«•/- /'/?<*-&*■(
^*rJe£P'£<Z . .
Patent Application Files
Folio# 1104 Transmitter
U.S. Patent#: 1425183
Primary Applicant: Edison, Thomas A Date Executed: 10/23/1918
Patent Series Patent Application Files
Folio #1107 Internal Combustion Engines
Serial #: 262922
Primary Applicant: Knierim, William H
Date Executed: 11/15/1918
£-■
|
Folio No. AYSQ Applicant. Title g*- „ C, w ^Lj— 1 |
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Address. . |
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FilecL\\J!5^/^.^A^iL^^^ . |
Examiner’s Room No. ..1.05. . |
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Acc.E |
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Ass’g’t Exec . Recorded |
. Liber . Page . |
i kv-
Patent No .
ACTIONS.
1 . 16 _
o.CUuL^LlJ GJxa^L /f. tf&o 17 _
uaagSdsJhia^^ 18 _
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nIF
. £>X^
■Mi HOLDEN,
ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.
(pefifton
®a tl;e fflommiaaioner of ^tlatcnts :
1|our petitioner WILLIAM H. kNIERIil,
a citizen of % Slnitcb ^iatee, reading anb Ijabiug a $oat Office abbreaa at Mo. 4231 Park Avenue, Hew York, Bronx County, Mew York,
praga tljat fetters patent may be grantcb to (pm for tl|c improbementa in
IHTEBNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
act forth «« «ie annexeb apecification; anb fjc hereby appointa ;®eloa JHoIben (jKegiatration £fo- 5752) biljoae abbrcaa ia ^biaon ^bminiatration Jlnilbing, ©range, Jfcbi curacy, his attorneg, fuitlj full pofucr of aubatitution anb rebocation, to proaccute tlpa application, to make alteration anb amenbmenta therein, to rccciOc tip patent anb to tranaact all buaineaa in the patent Office connecteb t(|ereEii{it[.
1.9
SPEC IFICAIIOH
20 All WHOM 12 MAY CONCERN
BE 12 KNOWN that I, WILLIAM H. KNIERIM, a oitiaen of the United States ana a resident of the City of New York, County of Bronx and State of New York, have invented cer¬ tain new and useful improvements in INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, of which the following is a desoription:-
My invention relates to internal combustion' engines and more particularly to an improved arrangement and means for effecting the starting of such engines.
In starting internal combustion engines, espec¬ ially those used for driving automobiles, it is the usual praotioe to turn over the engine either manually or by means of an eleotrio or other motor, thus operating the engine as a pump to suok or draw air through the intake manifold and carburetor and effect the operation of the latter. With the majority of carburetors now on the market, however, it is necessary, in order to effect proper operation thereof, or in other words, to produce thereby a combustible mixture having such proportions of air and fuel as to operate the engine when ignited therein, to suok a comparatively large amount of air through the carburetor very rapidly. In order to accomplish this result, it is necessary to turn over the engine at a comparatively high speed which requires a heavy, powerful motor and also a heavy, powerful battery, in case
Ian eleotric motor is employed, or the expenditure of a large amount of manual exertion where the engine is turned over by hand. When the engine is turned over at a compar¬ atively slow speed, air is not sucked at a sufficient rate through the carburetor to cause the latter to produce a mixture sufficiently rioh in fuel to operate the engine; r/ in other words, the air will not be properly carbureted.
This is especially true in cold weather.
The principal object of my invention is to render it possible to readily effect the starting of the internal oombustion engine when the same is turned over at a very slow rate, much slower than is necessary under the present practice, which results in a decided decrease in the power necessary to be applied in starting and therefore renders it possible to use a starting mechanism motor and batteries, where an eleotrio motor is used, of lesB weight, size and power than heretofore, or in the case of starting manually, a reduction in the physical exertion required in turning over the engine.
My invention also resides in the provision of an improved and simple construction and arrangement for ob¬ taining the foregoing object.
More specifically described, my invention consists in supplying liquid fuel in the form of a fine spray at a point as near as practicable to the inlet or inlets of the engine, preferably by means of an atomizing device having an atomizer head located in the intake manifold and
2
direotly in the path of the air drawn in by the engine, so that as the engine is turned over to effeot the starting thereof, this spray will be drawn into the engine together with air from the manifold to produce a rich mixture capable of starting the engine when ignited. The operation of the atomizing device is preferably direotly controlled by the means employed in turning over the engine, so that the fuel spray will be supplied as soon as the engine is turned over and the engine will quickly start to run, after which the combustible mixture will be supplied by the regular carbur¬ etor. In some instances, however, as for example when it is deBired to apply my invention to automobiles already equipped with a starting motor, the spraying device may be operated manually, as by means of a hand pump.
Ab the engine is turned over slowly to effeot the starting thereof, a definite quantity of substantially unoarburetted air is sucked through the carburetor and mani¬ fold into the engine on eaoh stroke of the pistons in one direction, and when an atomizing device operable by the means for turning over the engine is employed as just de¬ scribed, suoh device and its actuating means are preferably so designed that a fixed definite proportion of fuel is foroed into mixture with the air being drawn into the en¬ gine. In other words, the atomizing devioe actB as a proportioning carburetor to produce a combustible mixture having fixed definite proportions of air and fuel; the de¬ sign preferably being suoh that the mixture thus produced is the best for starting purposes, whioh may differ somewhat
from the mixture produced, by the regular oarburetor when , the engine operates under normal running conditions.
Further objects and features of my invention will be hereinafter more fully described and olaimed.
In order that my invention may be more dearly understood, attention is directed to the drawings accom¬ panying and forming a part of this specification, in which:
Figure 1 is a view in side elevation, partly brok¬ en away, showing my invention applied to the internal oom- bustion engine of an automobile, the wiring of the starting add ignition systems being shown diagramraatically;
Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view, partly in elevation and partly broken away, of the atomising de-
Ivioe shown in Figure 1 and the means for operating the same;
Figure 3 is a fragmental view similar to that shown in Figure 1. illustrating a modification;
Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 showing a further modification; and
Figure B is a detailed view of the gearing shown
in Figure 4.
Referring to the drawings and especially to Figure 1, reference character 1 represents a four cylinder inter¬ nal combustion engine of conventional type mounted in an automobile 2, and having the usual intake manifold 3 which communicates with the cylinders of the engine through in¬ lets 4 and with a oarburetor 5 of conventional form by means of an intake pipe 6. Reference character 7 repre¬ sents a suitable Ignition apparatus connected with the
Bpark plugs of the engine in the usual manner and supplied with current by a storage battery B. The battery B also supplies ourrent to an electric starting motor 8 to which it is connected by conductors 9 and 10, a switch 11 being provided in the conductor 9 to control the motor circuit.
The motor 8 is mounted on a suitable support, such as a part of the engine frame, and is connected to turn the engine shaft 13 by means of reduction gearing 12 and an over- running clutch 14. the funotion of the latter being to permit the engine, as it speeds up and runs on fuel supplied by the carburetor 6, to run ahead of the motor.
The usual fan 15 is driven from a countershaft operated
I by the engine, as by means of a pair of pulleys 16 and a oonneoting belt 17. The shaft of the fan 15 also consti¬ tutes the armature shaft of a generator 18 mounted on a suit able standard 19 whioh is provided on the engine frame.
The generator 18 is used to charge the battery B, being connected thereto by conductors 20 and 21. *n automatic switch device 22 is provided to automatically break the charging circuit when the generator is not operated fast enough tb supply a ourrent of sufficient strength to charge the battery, and thereby prevent a reverse flow of current into the generator.
A small air pump 23 is mounted on a fixed part of the engine frame, and is arranged to be driven from the motor 8 as by means of a orank 24 formed in an extension 25 of the shaft of one of the gears 12 oonneoting the motor and engine shaft 13, and a link or rod 26 oonneoting Bald
crank and the piston 27 of the pump. The pump 22 is pro¬ vided with the usual inlet and outlet oheok valve- 28 and 29, and ita outlet is connected to a pipe 20 whioh conducts air under pressure from the pump to an atomizing device a.
-'"'^Referring especially to Figure 2, the atomizing device A comprises a small vertically extending inner tube 21 disposed within a larger outer tube 22, the upper ends of both of these tubes respectively having horizontally extend¬ ing portions 22 and 24 provided at their ends with small aligned openings 26 and 26 and constituting an atomizer head C. The tubos 21 and 22 extend downwardly into a fluid-tight reooptacle or reservoir 37 through the oover 38 thereof, this rooeptaole being oonnooted adjacent its lower end, as by a pipe 39, with the fuel chamber of the carburetor 5, whereby liquid fuel is normally maintained in the receptacle at a given level. The pipe 39 is provided with a suitable check valve 40 to prevent the liquid fuel in the reservoir 37 from being forced back to the carburetor 6 by air pumped through the pipe 30 whioh is connected to the reservoir ad- jaoent the upper end thereof. The lo?/er ends 41 and 42 of pipes 31 and 32 are respectively disposed below and above the level of the liquid fuel in the receptacle 37 and are provided with upwardly facing valve seats. An opening 43 provided in the cover 38 of the reservoir 37 is controlled by a valve 44 mounted on the upper end of a rod 46, said
rod being slidably mounted in suitable braoketB secured to the inner side of a wall of the reservoir for vertical move-
ment within the latter. The rod 45 also has secured thereto valves 46 and 47 respectively adapted to ooroperate with the valve seats provided on the ends 41 and 42 of pipes 31 and 32, The vertical rod 45 and the valves carried thereby are so arranged that when valve 44 is in open position, the valves 46 and 47 will he in closed position, and vice versa. The passage formed between the inner and outer tubes 31 and 32 is restrioted, preferably at a point adjacent the atomizer head C, as shown at 48. Tho head 0 of the atomizing de- vioe A is located in the intake manifold 3 at a point as near as practicable to the cylinder inletB 4, as shown in Figure 1.
In the apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2 and de¬ scribed above, when the engine is at rest, the circuit of motor 8 will be open at switoh 11, as shown in Figure 1, and as the air in the manifold 3 and the space above the liquid fuel in reservoir 37 will be at atmospheric pressure, grav¬ ity will hold the rod 46 in its lowered position with valve 44 open and valves 46 and 47 in dosed position. In order to effect the starting of the engine, switoh 11 is moved to closed position, thereby closing the oircuit through motor 8, whereupon the motor rotates the engine shaft 13 and turns over the engine at a alow speed through the reduotion gear¬ ing 12 and the over-running clutch 14. at the same time, the motor actuates the air pump 23 and air is putaped through the pipe 30 into the reservoir 37 above the level of the liquid fuel therein. The pressure of the air in the reser-
voir 37 will thus be raised abovo that of the air outside of the reservoir and in the manifold, and acting on the lower side of the valve 44, will move this valve to closed position and thereby raise the rod 45 so as to move the I valves 46 and 47 to open position, as shown in figure 2.
The check valve 40 will aot to prevent the air under press¬ ure in reservoir 37 from forcing the liquid in said reser- j voir baok to the carburetor 5 through pipe 39. liquid fuel I will now be forced from reservoir 37 up through the inner
I tube 31 to the atomiser head C, and at the same time air will pass from the reservoir through the outer tube 32 to jj the atomiser head. The restriction 48 aots as a reducing
I valve and prevents the air in the horizontal portion 34 of the outer tube 32 from attaining as high a pressure as the air in the lower portion of this tube and the reservoir 37, thus creating the difference in pressure between the inlet and outlet of the inner tube 31 necessary to effect a flow of liquid fuel through this tube from reservoir 37. The j liquid fuel issuing from the Bmall openings 35 at the ends of the horizontal portion 33 of the inner tube 31 and the air rushing through the small openings 36 in the horizontal portion 34 of tho outer tube 32 cause the liquid fuel to be atomized and projected in the form of a fine spray into the manifold 3 at a point adjacent the cylinder inlets 4. The fuel spray is forced into mixture with the air being drawn into the manifold 3 by the engine as the latter is slowly
I turned over, and this mixture is drawn into the engine cyl¬ inders through the inlets 4, oompressed therein, and then
ignited by the ignition system 7. As explained, above, the parts are so arranged and designed that the mixture thus produced and drawn into the engine cylinders has proportions of air and liquid fuel which are fixed and definite and best for starting purposes. Upon the ignition of this mixture in its cylinders, the engine starts quickly and will soon attain such a speed as to draw air through the manifold 3 and carburetor 5 in sufficient volume and at a sufficient rate to effect proper operation of the lattor, after which it will operate on fuel mixture supplied by the carburetor.
The engine now runs ahead of the gearing 12 and the motor 8, this being permitted by the over- running clutch 14, and a partial vacuum in produced in the manifold 3. The switch 11 is now opened to break the circuit of motor 8 to stop the latter and thereby the gearing 12 and air pump 83. The vacuum thus produced in the manifold causes the pressure of the air in the reservoir 37 above the level of the liquid fuel to bo quickly reduoed to or below that of the atmosphere , whereupon valve 44 will drop by gravity, the rod 45 will be lowered and valves 46 and 47 thereby closed. It will thus be apparent that the operation of the auxiliary oarburetting device, that is, the operation of the atomizing device A, to
I supply fuel in the form of a spray in the manifold 3, will he automatically terminated when the engine attains a pre¬ determined speed, preferably the speed at which it will oper¬ ate on fuel mixture supplied hy the carburetor 5. In case the switoh 11 is not opened soon after the engine is running on fuel mixture supplied by the oarburetor 6, the motor 8
9
I will speed up ana operate the pump 23 at a very rapid rate, which will tend to build up the air pressure in reservoir 37 and to thereby again effect the dosing of valve 44 and the opening of valves 46 and 47. Should this ooour, fuel would be supplied to the engine by the auxiliary carburetting de-
Ivioe as well as by the carburetor 6 during the operation of the engine under normal conditions. In order to prevent this, the valves 44, 46 and 47, the oponlngB controlled thereby, and the rod 46 are so proportioned and so arranged in the reservoir 87 that air forced into the reservoir 37 through pipe 30 will merely escape or rush past the open valve 44 through opening 43 to the atmosphere, and it will be impossible for the pump 23 to build up an air pressure in reservoir 37 sufficient to overoome the weight of the rod 45 and the valves oarried thereby, and the suction on the lower faces of valves 46 and 47 due to the partial vacuum in the manifold 3 produced by the engine when running under normal conditions.
In the arrangement shown in Figures 1 and 2 and described above, only a very light small air pump is require; to cause the atomizing device a to produce the desired rich starting mixture in the manifold 3, and as in starting it is unnecessary to operate the engine as a pump to effect proper operation of the carburetor but merely to draw such combustible mixture from the manifold into the engine cyl¬ inders and compress the same therein, it will be obvious
I that the engine need be turned over only at a very slow rate, Consequently, the starting motor 8, battery B and generator 18 may be of very small size and power.
10
I My invention may also be advantageously applied to
internal combustion engines which are already equipped with electric starter devices, as the starting of such engines would be greatly facilitated thereby, especially in oold weather, and the wear and tear on the batteries, motors, generators, etc. of the starting equipment would also be
I materially lessened, due to the deoided reduction in time and power which would be expended in starting. In providing such an engine with the invention, an atomizing device, pref¬ erably suoh as shown in Figure 2, is applied to the engine in the manner shown in Figure 1, but instead of being oper¬ ated by an air pump driven from the starting mechanism, this atomizing device is aotuated by a hand pump. In the case of an automobile engine, referring now to Figure 1, this hand-operated pump, indicated at 50, is preferably looated within easy roaoh of the operator of the oar, as on the dash 61, and is oonnected to the reservoir 37 of the atomizing device «. by means of a pipe 30'. The arrange¬ ment may be otherwise substantially the same as shown in Figure 1, except that the pipe 30, pump 23, and the actuating crank 24 will be omitted and the battery B, motor 0 and gen¬ erator 18 will be of greater size and power.
In Figure 3 I have shown the Invention applied to an engine, the starting of which is. effected manually. In the construction shown in this figure, the engine shaft 13,
| instead of being direotly connected to the starting orank, as is UBual , is aotuated from a manually operable shaft 62,
11
mounted in a suitable bearing formed on the engine frame, through reduction gears 12' and the over-running olutoh 14; this being practicable because of the fact that the engine need be turned over only at a very slow rate when equipped with the invention. The shaft 62 is provided with an ec- oentrio 63 adapted to actuate the piston of the air pump 23 by means of a connecting rod or link 26'. The atomizing devloe (not shown) is preferably constructed and installed as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and is connected to the air pump 23 by the pipe 30. The end of the shaft 62 is formed as a clutch element 64 and is adapted to be engaged by a Bimilar element 66 formed on the inner end of the hand crank 66. The crank 66 1b slidably and rotatably mounted in a suitable fixed bearing 67 at the front of the automobila and is normally maintained in inoperative position, as shown, by means of a spring 68. If desired, the starting crank may be located at any other desired point and connected to operate the Bhaft 62 in any other suitable manner. The starting of the engine in the arrangement shown in Figure 3 is obviously effected in substantially the same manner as the engine shown in Figure 1, except that the engine shaft 13 and pump 23 are manually operated instead of being oper¬ ated by an eleotric motor.
In praotioally all eleotric starting systems here¬ tofore used with internal combustion engines, a relatively high current is neoessary in order to operate the motor so as to effect the starting of the engine , the current require L generally being in the neighborhood of ten or twelve times
the proper charging current for the battery which supplies ourrent to the motor. In suoh systems it has accordingly been necessary to employ either a separate generator to oharge the battery or a aynamo eleotrio maohine oapable^of acting both as a motor and a generator and having a double/ winding and a plurality of commutators. The present in¬ vention, however, renders it possible to employ a starting motor of insufficient strength to turn over the engine rap¬ idly enough to effect proper operation of the regular car¬ buretor ana a comparatively low starting ourrent for oper¬ ating suoh motor. X have found that a starting ourrent somewhere in the neighborhood of three times the proper charging ourrent for the battery is sufficient. Hence, with my invention, it is entirely practicable to employ an eleotrio starting system comprising a dynamo eleotrio machine which will act both as a starting motor and as ^generator for charging the battery and whioh has but a single/winding and a single commutator serving both in the motor and gener¬ ator functions. figure 4 shows an internal combustion en¬ gine provided with suoh a starting system. The engine 1 shown in figure 4 is provided with an atomizing device (not shown) preferably constructed and installed as shown in figures 1 and 2. The air pump 23 for operating the atom¬ izing device is in this case mounted on a part of the engine frame adjacent the fly wheel 60 and is connected to the reservoir of the atomizing device by a pipe 30". Refer¬ ence character 61 represents a small motor-generator of con¬ ventional type having but a single armature winding and a b ingle commutator and whioh operates as a series motor when
13
connected for starting and as a shunt or compound wound generator when the battery B is being charged. The motor- generator 61 is also mounted on the engine frame adjacent the fly wheel 60 and its shaft 62 extends beyond both ends of the casing thereof. A small gear 63 is mounted on one end portion of shaft 62 to rotate therewith, but is slidablej a the shaft bo as either to be engaged with a large gear 64 provided on the fly wheel 60 and with a smaller gear 66 (Bee Figure 5), or to be disengaged from such gears. The gear 66 is adapted to actuate the pump 23 by means of a crank 24* with which the shaft 26’ of the gear is provided, and a rod or link 26” connecting the orank 24' to the pistol^ of the pump. The other end portion of shaft 62 is oonneotejl by an over-running olutoh 67 to a countershaft 66 operable by the engine. A bell orank lever 68 is pivotally mounted in an opening 69 provided in the floor 70 of the automobile bo as to be controllable by the foot of the operator, and is| connected by a link 71 to one end of a lever 72 whioh is pivoted intermediate its ends on the engine frame. The other end of lever 72 loosely engages an annular groove formed in a hub 73 on the gear 63. One terminal of the battery B is connected to the motor-generator 61 by a oon- | duotor 76, and the other terminal thereof is oonnected bya i conductor 76 to a switch 77 by means of whioh the latter terminal is adapted to be connected with either of two con¬ ductors 78 and 79 leading to the motor-generator. The pos¬ ition of switch 77 is controlled by the bell orank lever 68 through a link 80 pivotally oonnected at its endB to the
14
bell orank lever and the switch. A spring 81 aotB on bell crank lever 68 to normally maintain the same in raised pos¬ ition, the gear 63 out of engagement with the gears 64 and 66, and the switch 77 in a position connecting the conduct¬ ors 76 and 79. This will be the position of the parts when the engine is at rest. When it is desired to start the engine, the bell orank lever 68 is depressed by the foot of the operator to thereby move the gear 63 into engagement with the gears 64 and 65 and the BWitoh 77 into position for^L, connecting the conductors 76 and 78 as shown in Figure.^. .
The dynamo oleotrio machine will now be operated as a motor by current supplied from the battery B through conductors 76 and 78 and will slowly turn the engine shaft 13 by means of the small gear 63 and the large gear 64 on the fly wheel 60. At the same-time, air pump 23 will be actuated by means of gears 63 and 65, crank 24' and link 26" to thereby operate the atomizing device.. The clutoh 67 permits the maohine 61, when operating as a motor, to run ahead of the countershaft 66. As soon as the engine starts to run on fuel mixture supplied from the regular carburetor, the press¬ ure on bell crank lever 48 is removed, whereupon spring 81 aots through the bell orank lever 68, link 71 and lever 72 to move the gear 63 from engagement with the gears 64 and 66 and at the same time through bell orank lever 68 and link
*80 to move the switch 77 from the position shown in Figure l Ac
-4, to a position in whioh it connects conductors 76 and 79.
The engine will now operate the dynamo eleotrio maohine 61
15
II
through the countershaft 66 and olutoh 67 as a generator to charge the battery B. An automatic switch device 82 of , conventional form is connected -to the oonauotor 79 -ana to- f-a fondue Lux 037 and acta to
■7D by mei
automatically break the charging oirouit when the motor- generator is operated as a generator but at a speed insuff¬ icient to oharge the battery B, and thereby prevent a rovers flow of current into the motor-generator.
Instead of using an atomizing devioe and an air ) for actuating the same, the fuel may be sprayed direot- ly into the manifold by a pump, operated either manually or r means of the starting mechanism in the manner hereinbe¬ fore described. Under suoh circumstances, the pump would handle the fuel directly.
While I have shown and described several applica¬ tions of my invention. and several forms in which the same I may bo embodied, it is to be understood that the invention I is subject to numerous other applications and modifications || without any departure from the spirit thereof and the scope of the appended claims.
Having now described my invention, what I claim , and desire to protect by Letters Patent is as fol- | lows: -
16 ,
X. In a device of the olaes described, the combination with an internal combustion engine and a carbur- etor therefor, of means separate from the oarburetor for supplying a combustible mixture of fuel and air to the engine, substantially as described.
S. In a device of the olass described, the combination of an internal combustion engine, means for turning over the engine to effect the starting thereof, and meanB for supplying a combustible mixture to the en¬ gine only during the operation of said first means, sub¬ stantially as described.
3. The combination of an internal combustion engine, a oarburetor therefor, and means for supplying to the engine a oombustible mixture of air and fuel suffic¬ ient in volume and fuel to operate the engine when exploded therein and when the speed of the engine is less than that neoops istxy to effect proper operation of the oarburetor, substantially as described.
''4. The combination of an internal combustion englno, a device for turning over the engine to effect starting of the latter, and means controlled by said de¬ vice for supplying a oombustible mixture to the engine, substantially as described.
&'•
5. The combination of an internal combustion engine, a carburetox^t^erefor, a device for turning over I the engine to^effeot starting thereof, and means operative
17
by aaid device for supplying a combustible mixture to the engine sufficient in volume and fuel to operate the engine when exploded therein, and when the speed of the engine is loss than that neoesaary to effect proper operation of the carburetor, substantially as described.
'~6. l'he combination of an internal combustion engine, a device for turning over the engine, and means directly operable by,. such device for supplying a combust¬ ible mixture to-'the engine, substantially as described.
o~ •
7. She combination of an internal combustion engine, a carburetor therefor, and moans separate from the carburetor and comprising an atomizing device for supplying a combustible mixture of air and fuel to the engine, sub¬ stantially as dasoribed.
f 8. The combination of an internal combustion
engine, u carburetor therefor, and means separate from the carburetor and comprising un atomizing device having an atomizer hGad located adjacent the inlet or inlets of the engine for supplying a combustible mixture of air and fuel to the .engine, substantially as described.
''C 9. 'jhe combination of an internal combustion
engine, and means for supplying to tho engine a combustible mixture of air and fuel sufficient in volume and fuel to operate the engine .when exploded therein, the supply of fuel by Bald means being independent of the suction produced by the engine, substantially as described.
18
io. The combination of on internal combustion
I engine having an intake manifold, a carburetor for the en¬ gine connected to such manifold, and means separate from the carburetor and comprising an atomizing device having an atomizer head disposed in said manifold, for supplying a combustible mixture of air and fuel to the engine, substan¬ tially as described.
11. The combination of an internal combustion