urnio&U/ uiwo ru rape** A SELECTIVE MICROFILM EDITION PARTIV (1899-1910) Thomas E. Jeffrey LisaGitelman Gregory Jankunis David W. Hutchings Leslie Fields Editors Theresa M. Collins Gregory Field Aido E. Salerno Karen A. Detig Lorie Stock Robert Rosenberg Director and Editor Sponsors Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey National Park Service, Edison National Historic Site New Jersey Historical Commission Smithsonian Institution University Publications of America Bethesda, MD 1999 Edison sigunluro used with permission of McGraw-Edison Co Thomas A. Edison Papers at Rutgers, The State University endorsed by National Historical Publications and Records Commission 18 June 1981 Copyright © 1999 by Rutgers, The State University ■ • All rights reserved. No part of this publication including any portion of the guide and index or of the microfilm may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means — graphic, electronic, mechanical, or chemical, includingphotocopying, recordingor taping, or information storage and retrieval systems— without written permission of Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. The original documents hi this edition are from the archives at the Edison National Historic Site at West Orange, New Jersey. ISBN 0-89093-703-6 THOMAS A. EDISON PAPERS Robert A. Rosenberg Director and Editor Thomas E. Jeffrey Associate Director and Coeditor Paul B. Israel Managing Editor, Book Edition Helen Endick Assistant Director for Administration Associate Editors Theresa M. Collins Lisa Gitelman Keith A. Nier Research Associates Gregory J&nkunis Lorie Stock Assistant Editors Louis Carlat Aldo E. Salerno Secretary Grace Kurkowski Amy Cohen Bethany Jankunis Laura Konrad Vishal Nayak Student Assistants Jessica Rosenberg Stacey Saelg Wojtek Szymkowiak Matthew Wosniak BOARD OF SPONSORS Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Francis L. Lawrence Joseph J. Seneca Richard F. Foley David M. Oshinsky New Jersey Historical Commission Howard L. Green National Park Service John Maounis Maryanne Gerbauckos Roger Durham George Tselos Smithsonian Institution Bernard Finn Arthur P. Molelia EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD James Brittain, Georgia Institute of Technology R. Frank Colson, University of Southampton Louis Golambos, Johns Hopkins University Susan Hockey, University of Alberta Thomas Parke Hughes, University of Pennsylvania Peter Robinson, Oxford University Philip Scranton, Georgia Institute orTechnology/Hagley Museum and Library Merritt Roe Smith, Massachusetts Institute of Technology FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Charles Edison Fund The Hyde and Watson Foundation National Trust for the Humanities Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation PUBLIC FOUNDATIONS National Science Foundation National Endowment for the Humanities National Historical Publications and Records Commission PRIVATE CORPORATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS Alabama Power Company Anonymous AT&T Atlantic Electric Association of Edison Illuminating Companies Battelie Memorial Institute The Boston Edison Foundation Cabot Corporation Foundation, Inc. Carolina Power & Li$it Company Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. Consumers Power Company Cooper Industries Corning Incorporated Duke Power Company Entergy Corporation (Middle South Electric System) Exxon Corporation Florida Power & Light Company General Electric Foundation Gould Inc. Foundation Gulf States Utilities Company David and Nina Heitz Hess Foundation, Inc. Idaho Power Company IMO Industries International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Mr. and Mrs. Stanley H. 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PUBLICATION AND MICROFILM COPYING RESTRICTIONS Reel duplication of the whole or of any part of this film is prohibited In lieu of transcripts, however, enlarged photocopies of selected items contained on these reels may be made in order to facilitate research. Folio No _ J2&S&. Serial No Title . 'Ak*xc&k«*. . zjL . . "Jt-uJL&Lc.... . . A-b . Fiied.fA >£<■ .fj, S?6S Examiner’s Room No._ ACTIONS. sJ$Lc /v. /<7o . ;, ^sso r, ■ (s ^ 6_ dfC — , 7 . 8 _ i ; 9. . . . ........ i ? \ 10 . 1 ’ ; /’ 11 12 ! U. 13 14 ' \ u — .,A~: 'li FRANK L. DYER, / Counsel, Orange, New Jersey.;! petition Ho tbe (Eommissioner of patents : Born- petitioner tromas alva Edison . @.cttl3en of tbe Wniteb States, resibing anb having a post Office abbress at Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and State of Haw Jersey, prap tbat letters patent map be granteb to bim for tbe improvements in PROCESS OP VAKINO mmc Pints OR W.AKES, set fortb in tbe anneieb specification ; anb be bereb? appoints tfranf? X, Bper (•(Registration Ulo. 560), of lEbison laboratory, ©range, mew 3ersey, bis attorney, witb full power of substitution anb revocation, to prosecute this application, to mahe alterations anb anienbments therein, to receive tbe patent, anb to transact all business in tbe patent ©ffice connecteb tberewltb. -SPEOIEICATION- ITO AIL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: Be it known that I, THOMAS ALVA EDISON, a oitizen of the United States, reeiding at Llewellyn Park, Orange, in the County of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful PROCESS OS’ MAKING METALLIC EILMS OR SLAKES , of whioh the following is a description: ' My invention relates to an improved prooetss of making metallic films or flakes, and particularly flakes of metallio oohalt or oobalt-niokel alloy, for ubo in the , make-up of the positive eleotrodeB of storage batteries of the Edison type. As I have previously indioated, flakes of metallio oohalt or oobalt-niokel alloy are peculiarly fitted for this use, owing to the high character of the oontiaot which will he afforded for the particles of active material, Buoh as nlokel hydroxide, as well as the permanen¬ cy, of tjie flakes under the effeot of electrolysis. In an application for Letters Patent filed March 30th, 1905, Serial No. 252,932, 1 desorihe a process for thlB purpose ( in whioh the flakes are formed hy depositing eleotrolytical- ly upon a oathode layers or films of a soluble metal alter¬ nating with successive films of the desired metal (cobalt oh aohalt-niokel) after which the soluble metal is dis¬ solved, so as to result in the separation and segregation of the oohalt or oobalt-niokel films. In the application referred tbf: I desorihe the use of zino as a suitable soluble metal, and I describe the breaking dp or sizing 1. of the oobalt or oobalt-nickel flakeB by means of a screen¬ ing operation. My present invention relates to an im¬ provement on the process described in said application by whioh flakes of cobalt or oobalt-ni ckel can be secured which will be very muoh smoother, of more uniform thickness and more coherent than when zinc is used, and which flakes will also be more uniform in size than when sub-divided by a screening operation. To this end the invention ooneists, broadly speaking , first in making use of copper as the soluble metal on whioh the films of oobalt or cobalt-nickel are deposited, and second, in outting up the composite strips or sheets to the required Bize after separation of the same from the oathode. The invention also contemplates details of procedure, all as will be more fully hereinafter des¬ cribed and claimed. In carrying my invention into effect, I proceed substantially as follows: The cathode o cnsists of a plate or oylinder df polished copper, preferably nickel-plated, and which may be conveniently rotated during the plating and sub- • sequent operations, as 1 describe in toy application for letters Patent filed October 12, 1905, Serial No. 282,380. The oathode is first rubbed with graphite bo as to poliBh the surface thereof and permit the effective separation of the deposited composite sheet. 1 first Introduce the oathode in a copper plating bath employing any suitable oopper salt, suoh as the sulphate thereof with metallic copper anodes and deposits a thin layer or film of copper on the oathode, as will be understood. Suoh a oopper layer will be extremely smooth and coherent and in this respect very superior to ztJno. The cathode is now washed and then 2. immersed in a cobalt or cobalt-nickel bath., the solution UBed toeing preferably an ammonium sulphate solution of the metal or metals to toe plated, and. anodes of cobalt or of ootoalt and niokel being employed. In the latter case, the anodes and the depositing ourrent will toe so regulated as to secure the desired relative deposit of the tv/o met¬ als. Wien the ootoalt Or o obalt-niokel film haB been i thus deposited on the oopper film, the cathode is again | washed, returned to the oopper bath and a second layer j of oopper is deposited on the ootoalt or cobalt-niokel film. Ij After washing, a seoond film of cobalt or cobalt-nickel iB || deposited on the seoond oopper film, and these operations | are continued until a sufficient number of layers of oopper ! and cobalt or o obalt-nickel are secured. The oomposite | sheet thus obtained on the cathode is easily stripped from ! the same by cutting the Bheet longitudinally, so aB to ! permit the sheet to be pealed off. To facilitate this cutting of the composxte sheet , the oathode is formed with I one or more longitudinal grooves whloh aot as effective ij guides for the outter. After the sheet has been thus sep- | arated from the oathode, it is preferably out up into strips about three inches wide, and these strips are sub¬ divided by meanB of a suitable cutting maohine tt any desip I ed type, into squares or other formB, the dimensions of j which in length and breadth determine the ultimate size of the flakes to be produoed. Ordinarily', each flake will be about l/l6 of an inch square. At this stage of the method, I will obtain a great number of very small squares or bod¬ ies each formed of Buooessive and alternating layers of copper and cobalt or cobalt-niokel, as will be understood. It now becomes nooessary to dissolve the oopper without af¬ fecting the cobalt or oobalt-nickel flakes, thereby elia- I lnating the oopper and separating the flakes desired. This ! 3- is preferably effeoted by soaking the sub-divided composite jbodies in a very Btrong solution of oyanide of potassium, and agitated at times during the treatment. The effect of the oyanide is to dissolve the metallic oopper, without appreciably affeoting the cobalt or cobalt-nickel, thus freeing the flakes of cobalt^ or oobalt-niokel and effect¬ ively separating the same. These flakeB may now be used directly in the make-up of the battery electrodes or they [may be first annealed in hydrogen before such use. In ap¬ plying the oobalt or oobajit-nickel flakes to the active partioles, 1 prefer to make use of the process described At eiitZi-S" xtr, / / wherein the active particles are firBt ooated with a sticky material, such as molasses or glucose, after whioh the conducting flakes are added, and will be caused to adhere to the surfaces of the aotive particles to thereby coat the Bame in the most effective manner, j] If leslred, instead of direotly subjecting the composite bod¬ ies tb the aotiou of a solvent of oopper, such as cyanide of po'tassj.um bb explained, it will be possible to subject the oompo^ii\e bodies to a treatment by which the oopper will be aonVer^ed to a soluble oopper salt, after which the latter will be\|l^solved by a solvent thereof. ThuB, the composite bodies artfr their sub-diviBion may be first soak¬ ed in a strong solutx^h of sulphide of potash or soda until all of the metallio copper is converted to the sulphide thereof, after whioh the ma^s is washed free of the alka¬ line Bulphide and is then subjected to a bath of a very strong solution of oyanide of potassium, until the copper sulphide is thoroughly dissolved, b^sb to separate and segregate the oobalt or oobalt-niokel r^Wces. The sulphide does not attack the cobalt. Having now desorlbed my invention, what I olaim as new and desire to secure hy Letters Patent 1b as follows 1. - The process of making films or flakeB of cohalt or cobalt -niokel, whioh consists in depositing on a suitable cathode a layer or film of copper, then in de¬ positing on the oopper film a layer or film of oobalt^or oobalt-niokel, and in finally dissolving the deposited oopper to free the film of cobalt or oobalt-niokel, sub¬ stantially as set forth. 2. - The prooess of making films or flakes of co¬ balt or cobalt- nickel, which consists in depositing upon a suitable cathode a layer or film of copper, then in depositing on the oopper a layer or film of oobalt or oobalt-niokel, then in separating the composite sheet from the cathode and in finally dissolving the deposited oopper film to free the film of oobalt or cobalt-nickel, substantially as set forth. 3. - The process of making films or flakes of oobalt or oobalt-niokel, whioh consists in depositing upon a suitable oathode a layer or film of oopper, then in de¬ positing upo$ the oopper film a layer or film of oobalt or oobalt-niokel, then in separating the composite sheet from the cathode, then in outting up the composite sheet into bodies of the ultimate shape and size and in final¬ ly dissolving the oopper to free the deposited cobalt or oobalt-niokel, substantially as Bet forth. 4. - The process of making films or flakes of oobalt or oobalt-nickel, whioh oonslBts in depositing irpon a suitably oathode a layer or film of a soluble metal, then 5. in depositing , on the soluble film a layer or film of co¬ balt or oobalt-niokel, then in separating the composite sheet from the oathode, then in cutting up the composite sheet into bodies of the ultimate shape and Bize and in finally dissolving the soluble metal to free the flakes of cobalt or oobalt-niokel, substantially as set forth. 5. - The prooess of making filmB or flakes of cobalts or oobalt-niokel, which consists in depositing upon a suitable oathode successive and alternating layers of oop- per and cobalt or oobalt-niokel, and in finally dissolving the copper to free the films of cobalt or cobalt-nickel, substantially as set forth. 6. - The prooess of making films or flakes of oobalt or oobalt-niokel, which consists in applying graphite to a suitable oathode, then in depositing a layer or film of oopper thereon, then in depositing on the copper film a layer or film of oobalt or oobalt-niokel, and in finally dissolving the oopper €o free the film of oobalt or oobalt- niokel, substantially aB set forth. 7.- The prooess of making films or flakeB of cobalt or oobalt-niokel, which consists in depositing upon a suitable oathode a layer or film of oopper, then in depositing a layer or film of oobalt. or oobalt-niokel on the oopper film, and in finally subjeoting the composite sheet so formed to the action of a oyanide of an alkali to dissolve the copper and free the deposited oobalt or oobalt-] niokel, substantially as set forth. The prooess of making films dr flakes of oobalt or oobalt^^okel7~~sdiioh consists in depositing on a suit¬ able cathodeSa layer or film^of-^jopper, theh^ in depositing a layer or f link of oobalt or oobalt-nioke3 copper Gbls specification signet) ant) witnessed tbis ^ % &ap of /?'?• 190 -s ~~ Mitnesses: . . ^ -w _ 2 (o ~ /~.'J _ ©atb. State of mew 3ersep Count? of Essex thomas alva kdisob , tbe above named petitioner, being bulp sworn, beposes anb saps tbat be is a clti3en of tbeTTlniteb States, anb a resibent Of Llev.-el lyn Park , Omnge , County of Ebook and State of I few Jorefty; tbat be verllp believes blmself to be tbe original, first anb sole inventor of tbe improvements in process op kakihg metallic pilmr or plakes, bescribeb anb claimeb in tbe annexeb specification; tbat be boes not hnow anb boes not believe tbat tbe same was ever fcnown or useb before bis invention or biscoverp thereof; orpatentebor bescribeb in an? printeb publication in tbe Ifiniteb States of Hmerica or an? foreign countr? before bis invention or biscover? thereof, or more than two pears prior to tbis application ; or patentee in an? countr? foreign to tbe Tfiniteb States on an application fileb more than twelve months prior to tbis application ; or in public use or on sale in tbe TElniteb States for more than two pears prior to tbis application ; anb tbat no application for patent upon saib invention bas been fileb b? bint or bis legal representatives or assigns in an? foreign countr?. Sworn to anb subscribeb before me tbis tS [Seal] United States Patent Office, Thomas A. Edison, C/o Frank L. Dyor, Orange, H- J. to find brh imniniMon. from tii-c EXAMINER in Ja-uary 9, 1906. Cer. Ho. "Process 290,336, filed December 5 of Making Metallic Pi lino Pape 4, the specification should set forth an -advantage in the alternative step of converting tho copper into a sulphide pre¬ vious to dissolving in potassium cyanide. Claim 6, line 5, the word sheet should bo inserted after "com¬ posite". The process covered by claim 8 is obviously distinct and in¬ dependent from the process, covered by the remaining claims. The claims are therefore rejected, and action upon tho merits is sus¬ pended. Ho pertinent references appear to exist in tho prior art. Messrs. Bacon & Milans, 90B - G Street, Washington, B.C. Gentlemen I enclose amendment in application of ThomaB A. Edison, for Process of Making Metallic Films or Flakes, filed Deo crib er 5th, 190ufT Serial Ho. 390,336, Examiner's lioom No. 175. This amendment requires to be filed on or before January 9th, 1907. Please file the amendment and advise me when you have done so. Yours very truly, FU)/AKK. Enc . UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. THOMAS A. EDISON, Process of Making Metallic ) Films or Flakes, ) ) Room Ho. 175. Filed December 5th, 1905, •- ) Serial No. 290,336. HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, sir: - Please amend as follows Page 3, line 18, the word "oomposuto” should be - composite. Pago 4, lines 12 and 13, erase "application for Letter* Patent, filed March 30th, Serial No. 252,931" and substitute - patent dated December 25th, 1906, numbered 839,371. Same page, beginning with the word "If", line 17 erase through the bottom of the page. Canoel claim 8. - REMARKS- Applieant has cancelled the matter on page 4, be¬ cause he does not oonsider it so desirable to oarry on the prooess suggested therein by first converting the copper to a soluble Balt thereof. Applioant considers it better to dissolve the copper in the first instance, rather than tocomplloate the prooesB by introducing the additional step of converting the metallic copper to a copper salt . Of course, such an expedient could be adopted and would be covered by the broad language of the claims, but applicant cannot perceive any advantage in following it, and it haB therefore been considered better to erase this matter, to¬ gether with the claim rolating to the same. Very respectfully, THOMAS A. EDISON, By // x. Orange, How Jersey, Hia Attorney. December 29th, 1906. BACON & MILANS, ATTORNEYS AND SOLICITORS IN PATENT CAUSES, NO. 908 G STREET, NORTHWEST. (ROOMS, 410-416.) WASHINGTON. D. O . DSC. . 31., . 1.90.6., . Prank L, Dyer, Esq, , Orange, N. J. Dear Sir: We are in receipt of your favor of the 29th instant, enclosing amendment in application of Thos. A, Edison, for pro¬ cess of making metallic films or flakes, filed Dec. 5, 190^ Sr, No. 390,336, The amendment was filed in the Patent Office today and received the date of Dec. 31st. Yours very truly. AMOUNT CHARGE. Date . Attorneys . . / Items , . . Amount fl/t. & 0 . BACON & MILANS. ORAirr,;, »rsw JERSEY-, January 17, 1907 H01!0PJVRI,E COM'ISSrOB'EE OR PATEI'TS , WAfVJiroTor, r. a. Sir : — In reference to application for letters patent filed pec ember 5, lf05, aerial IVo. 290,336, for PROCRSS 03’ milTG UKXAXJ20 P1LKS OR STAKES, X hereby abandon tlie Buid application ( but not the invention deBCrib ed and claimed therein) in favor of an application similar¬ ly entitled, which I have oxeouted on oven date herewith. 3'y object in abandoning the said application and in filing a new application on the same invention, is for the purpose of specifically referring to the fact that the process may be used for the production of nickel films. To a chemist, I believe this fact would be instantly per¬ ceived since the application specifically refers to the making of cobalt films and to the making of cobalt-nickel films, but rather than to incur any risk whatever I will, on advice of counsel, file a new application in which the manufacture of nickel films is specifically referred to and the claims are correspondingly changed to include the same. Very reapactfully, dJLv^. $ _ In presence of: Applicant.^^^^ Assignee. _ ; _ Ass’ g’t Exec. _ i Recorded _ Liber! _ Page. Patent No. _ Issued. petition Go tbe Commissioner of [patents : Kour (petitioner thomas alva Edison , a citt3en of tbe Glniteb States, resibing anb having a [Post ©ffice abbress at Llewellyn Park, Orange, in the County of Ebbs* and State of New Jereey, prass that letters patent \\m be granteb to bini for tbe improvements in STORAGE BATTER? RH3EPTACLE8 set fortb in tbe annereb specification ; anb be hereby appoints Ifraitf? X. ®?er (IRegistration mo. 560), of JEbison laboratory ©range, mew 3ersey bis attorney, with full power of substitution anb revocation, to prosecute tbis application, to mafte alterations anb amenbments therein, to receive tbe patent, anb to transact all business in tbe patent ©ffice connecteb therewith. -specification- TO AIL WHOM IT MAY CONCEHN: Bo it known that I, THOMAS ALVA EDISON, a oitiaen of the United State* and a resident of Llew¬ ellyn Park, Orange, in the County of Essex and 8tate of New Jereey, have invented certain new and useful improve¬ ments in STORAGE BATTERY RECEPTACLES, of which the follow¬ ing is a description: . _ ////# This application is a devfinkon^bf an applica¬ tion filed November 28, 1902, Serial No. 133,112, ' -7,^/uuW /Vo. >/j> «/, 7u*y->,/?e j My invention relates to improvements in storage ■batteries and more particularly to the provision of a battery oan or reoejtaole having an opening through whioh Ithe solution of aotive material or water may be introduoed from time to time to replenish the battery and means for oloslng the same tightly against leakage, and oapable of being readily opened whenever desired to introduoe the so¬ lution. With these ends in view my invention consists in the features hereinafter deBoribed and claimed. Referenoe is hereby made to the accompanying draw-: ing ^n whioh Plgure 1 1b a side elevation partly in seotlon of a storage battery to which my invention is applied, and Pigure 2 is a plan view of the same, the section line of Plgure 1 being indicated at the line 1-1. The oan 1, is generally reotangular as shown, being formed preferably of thin sheet steel whioh has been oarefully niokel-plated so as to prevent oxidation, particularly in an alkaline solution, but obviously other materials oan be used if desired. The top 3 is provided with an upturned flange 4 having a return flange 15 so as to - T - .. - 1, _ _ _ _ ^ reoeive the upper end of the oan. After the top has heen placed in position spider may "be applied to the Joint between the bottom of the flange 5, and the upper end of the oan so ae to make a perfeotly tight Joint. By employing j a top of this oharacter the oan ie strengthened at its up-; per end from both expanding and oompressing strains, so that the Joint will at all times be perfeotly air tight. The top 3 is provided with an opening in whioh a sleeve or bushing 38 is secured by upsetting the metal of the top 3 to form a bead 39 engaging a reoesB 23 in said /■ sleeve, thus making a very tight, substantial, durable and cheap Joint whioh requires no Bolder whatever, although it may be used. Surrounding the sleeve 38 near its upper end is a ring 40 oarrying a hinge 41 for a lid 42, the latter having a rubber packing 43 engaging an inclined seat 44 at the mouth of the sleeve 38. The lid 42 is looked 40 .'and. -the hinge 41 is provided with a ooiled spring 46 of oommon construction, so as to automatically open the lid when the yoke is unlatohed. By providing the rubber paoking a perfeotly tight Joint is scoured at all timeB, while by merely unlatching the yoke the lid will bo auto¬ matically opened to permit of a filling operation. Having now described my invention, what 1 olaim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is as follows: A storage ‘vAtery^cian or reoeptaole having a filling tube at the toVof the oan and a lid hinged to said tube , substantially Vk set forth. ^27- Aystorage battery oan or reoeptaole having a \ oodjtzjkCMtJ&U .lling tube tft the top of the oan, ^ lid hinged to said ''(ft' t^&^and a spring for opening said lid, substantially! i}‘ set forth. ^ A storage\baVtery can or reoeptaole having k fill- ing tube at the top \f the oan, a lid hinged to said tube, and a yoke for looking'sol^d lid in its closed position, sub¬ stantially as set forth. \\ ■4.- A storage battVry oan or racepfcaole having opening, a bushlhg or sle\ve secured therein and having valve seat, a pivol ooveA valve normally resting upon said seat and means N£or holding said valve upon said peat, set forth. substantially A storai battery can or reoeptaole having opening, a bushin secured therein and jiayjiR a eaid seat ' and means for >^ening said cover valve when] ■fl<| holding means is released^Saubstantially r A storage'Ntettery oan or receptacle having opening, a bushing having a valve seat and secured injj ! opening, a ring appliedVo said bushing and a cover vplve , pivoted to said ring, substantially aB Bet forth. J Si Ou^ I ?/**/,. QyaeV° “^y^- A storage battery oan or reoeptaole having openlngy a bushing having a valVe seat and seoured in|| opening, \ ring applied to ?//4t pivoted to paid ring, and .a^i valve, / substantially sb set forth, A Btorage bat t ery "oan^r reoeptaole having I & opening, a bushing having a valve seat and secured in' said opening-, a ring applied t o "saldjbushing , a cover valvJ piv¬ oted .to said ring, a spring for openlng^said oover vaLve and means for holding said valve in a closed position)!, substantially as set forth. XEbis specification signeb anb witnessed this t> bap of & -> ~<2-Jl.CCL Witnesses : Qatb. State of mew 3ersep Count? of Essex thomas alva edi son , tbe above narneb petitioner, being bulp sworn, beposes anb saps tbat be is a cit(3en of tbe iriniteb States, anb a resibent Of Llewellyn Paxl£, Orange, in the County of Ebbox and State of Now Jereey; tbat be verllp believes bimself to be tbe original, first anb sole inventor of tbe improvements in STORAGE BATTERY RECEPTACLE bescribeb anb clalmeb in tbe annexeb specification; tbat be boes not fcnow anb boes not believe tbat tbe same was ever ftnown or useb before bis invention or biscoverp thereof; orpatentebor bescribeb in an? prlnteb publication in tbe Tliniteb States of America or an? foreign countr? before bis invention or biscover? thereof, or more than two pears prior to this application ; or patenteb in an? countr? foreign to tbe Wniteb States on an application fiieb more than twelve months prior to this application ; or in public use or on sale in tbe IHniteb States for more than two pears prior to this application ; anb tbat no application for patent upon saib invention has been fiieb b? bim or bis legal representatives or assigns in an? foreign countr?. Sworn to anb subscribeb before me this & ba? of 190 .s — ~7f % _ Iwotarp, public. [Seal] DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, T. A. Edison, Washington, d. c„ C/o r. X,. Dyer, Orange, 17 . J. Please find below a oommwniaatlon from the EXAMINER in charge .afcijpUi: application., Ho. 290,712, filed Deo, 7, 1905, "Storage Battery ReiTeptacles" . Co n of Patents. Claims 1, 4, and 9 are rejected on each of the patents to: C*#fin, Sl93,321^ July 24, 1877 (C .C . .fasteners, Bar) . Duhdbn,v418,86?yjan. 7, 1890 (Tank Clo.). Snyder, i424, 768, yMar. 19, 1872 (Same class). Claims 2 and 5 are rejected on the patent to: Rider, ^125, 220, t4pr. 2, 1872 ( Bar re Is, Bungs ) . Claim 3 is rejected on the patent to: Iiloyd, ^750 ,470, ^an . 26, 1904 (Tank Clo.). Claim 6 is rejected on the patent to Coffin, supra. Claims 7 and 8 are rejected on the patent to Coffin, taken with the patent to Rider, supra. Claim 101s rejected on each of the patents to Snyder, Dundon and Coffin, all of record, taken with the valve seAt feature shown in the patent to: j McH airy, ^09, 239, Aug. 16, 1898 (C.C. .ffas. ,Bar) . UNITED STATES PATENT (OTICE Thomas A. Edison ) STORAGE RATTERS' RECEPTACLES 5 Piled December 7,1908 ) Serial No. 290,712 j Room Ho. 148 HONORABLE COIiM SSI OHER OP PAT ffilTS S I 3t : - Replying t,o Office action of Jay 4, 1900, please amend tlx above entitled case as follows: Cancel claims 1, 'A, 4, 9 and 10. Claim 2, line 2, change "a" to - an outwardly movable - . Claim 5, line e , cancel “cover valve normally resting" and insert in place thereof - outwardly movable cover valve, means for holding said valve Renumber the claims. RE PARKS - Claims 1 and 2 clearly distinguish from the refer¬ ence in that they specify an outwardly movable lid or cover valve. In the reference the lid moves inwardly, furthermore the spring in the reference is for the purpose of moving the valve B into dosed position, whereas in applicant's device Ifa e spring is for opening the valve. It is obvious that in the claimed structures the valve oan be very readily opened, such being its normal position, whereas in the reference the valve is difficult to open and is normally closed so that it it: necessary to hold the same open in 8 cm© manner when it is desired to introduce liquid into the receptacle . Claims 3, 4 and 5 specify a bushing having a valve seat, a ring applied to tmid ‘bushing and a cover valve pivoted to said ring. This ppecifio structure is not found in any of the references and it is ‘believed that claims covering the same should he allowed since it provides a very simple and useful device for the purposes sot forth. Respectfully submitted . THOJiAS A. EDISON his attorney Orange, New jersey September 1906. 2-200. department or the interior, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C„ JfOl Thomas A, Edison, c/o Irani: L. Dyer, Edison Laboratory, Orange, IT. J. Pleaete "find below o. eom.mun.Uta.tiou from, the EXAMINER in ehnrge of' your app/Jefttion, , S. No. 890,712, filod Deo. 7, 1905, Storage Battery Receptacles. This action is in response to amendment filed Sept. 13, 1906. .Claims 1 and 2 are rejected on the patent to Snyder, 148, {>95, Mdh. 3, 1874, (Tonic Attachments), tolcen 7/ith tire patent to Epstein, 657,267, Sept, 14, 1900, (B.C. Hinges Spring). This patent to Snydor ia cited in lieu of the Snyder patent, 124,768, es this patent shown more clearly the structure claimed. It is old ond common to use springs for bhth throwing the cover open end to Keep it closed. Tiro mere addition of a spring to an old form of saeissg closure is not deemed to he a matter of invention. Claims 3, 4 and 5 remain under the rejection of record. They are aLso rejected on the patent to Oppl, 527,123, Oct; 9, 1884, (Tanks, Transporting Vehicles) taken with the patent to Epstein, of record. UNITED STATES PATENT OPPIOE. Thomas A. Edison ) STORAGE BATTERY RECEPTACLES j : Rooi Piled December 7, 1905 ) Serial Ho. 290,712 ) HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATKtfTS : SIB:- Replying to Office letter of November 8, 1906, please amend the above entitled case as follows: Cancel claim 1. Renumber claims 2, 3, 4 and 5 as 1, 2, 3 and 4. Add the following, as claim 5: L -3 A storage battery can or reoeptacle having an opening in its top, a bushing having a valve seat and secur¬ ed in said opening, a ring applied to the exterior of said bushing, a cover valve pivoted to said^rjjg-, a Bpring for opening said cover valve and means^ori^Baid'ring for holding said valve in a closed position, s ub s t anti all y^aB\ set forth. - _ P) - / 2. *• 3 REMARKS - The claims in this oa;;e have been rejected upon a number of patents, concerning which the most that can be said is that they disclose in various relations the greater part of the elements which make up applicant's device. But no one of these patentB or any combination thereof, would suggest the devioe of this application 1. It is believed that the claims as presented are allowable over the art as stated and allowance iB respect¬ fully requested. THOMAS A. EDI SOU ' | DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, l 5 rrv- 1 A.t United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, d. c., August 15, 3907. Thomas A. "Edison, C/o Prank I, , Dyer , Edison Laboratory, Orange, H. J. Please find below a communication from, the EXAMINER in charge of your application, for "Storage Battory Receptacles" , filed Dec* 7, 1905, Serial llo. 290,712. _ _ Commissioner of Patents. Tliis action is in response to amendment filed July 2, 1907 Claims 1, 2, 3 and 4 remain under the rejection of record. Hew cHaim 5 is rejected on the references of record. TOOTED STATES PATENT OFFICE. j Tliomaa A. Edison STORAGE BATTERY RECEPTACLES | Filed Deoember 7, 190S Serial No. 290,712 Room No. 146 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS! SIR! - - In response to Office action of August IB, 1907, please amend the above entitled case as follows: Cancel Claims 1, 2 and 3, and substitute the following as Claim 1: r , , A^sjorage battery can or receptacle having an opening, a "oiishing^having a valve seat and secured in said opening, a ringappligd to said hushing, a cover valve pivoted to said ring, and'£'~-latching means pivoted to said ring, and co-acting with an extensfen-^f said cover valve, substantially set forth. Renumber Claim 4 as Claim 2, and after "position1 in line 5, insert - comprising a looking means attached to said ring, and co-acting with said cover valve - . Renumber Claim 5 as Claim 3. Line 5 of Baid Claim, after "means" insert - pivoted - . Add the following claim: ° (4) A can B^recepiacle having ^nopening in its top, and having the metal forming the edgb^of said opening (1) bent into *a bead, a bussing provided with a circumferential Ova bei ngageci reoess engageikby said b'ead to secure\said bushing in place in said opening, and a lid hinged to. said bushing, substantially as set forth. -REMARKS - The olaims have been amended in view of the references, and in their present condition, are thought to be allowable. . Hew Claim 4 la also thought to be allowable, since none of the references disclose the method of mounting the bushing here claimed. Respectfully submitted, THOMAS A. EDISON HiB Attorney. August /© , 1908, s—zoo. Dlv . ZZ Room . 278 "" Paper No . .2... t>tP21 1908 | DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, iVl A I L_ELD. j United States Patent office, 1 WASHINGTON, D. c., Sept. 21, 1908. Thomas A, Edison, c/o Prank !■« Oyer, Edison lahratory , Orange, H. JT. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, for "Storage Battery Receptacles", filed Dec. 7, 1906, Serial Ho. 290,712. Response to anendment filed Aug. u, 1908. Hcrar olaim 1 is rejeoted on Ihe references of reocrd. Claims 2 and 3, as amended, are rajeoted on the references of reoord. Claim 4 is rojeoted on the patent to Shepherd, 351, < Oct. 26, 1886, (Casks), taken with the patait to Snyder, 148,095, of reoord. M (1) references discloses the construction of a hushing having a ring applied thereto, a valvo pivoted to the ring, and latching means also pivoted to the ring and co-ucting with the cover. This construction is claimed in Claims 1, 2 and 3* Claim 4 submitted by applicant' s last anend-j mcnt was not met in the references, in that they did not show a receptacle having an opening, the metal forming j the edge of which was bent into a bead. This claim haB, however, been rewritten to include a number of other limitations and is undoubtedly patentable. If the Examiner should still be of the opinion that Claims 1, 2 and 3 are met in the references of record, he is requested to apply the name to the claims. The construction of the ring having the valve and latching moans pivoted thereto is thought to be novel, simple and efficient. Re spe c tf ully subrni 1 1 ed . THOMAS A. EDISOK Orange, New Jersey September //7 , 1909. IRTMENT INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, Washington, d. c., October B, 1909. Thomas A. Edison, . . c/o Frank L. Byer,. . v : • .1 OCT 5 1-vi •• !, ■ . . i't Orange, If, J. • ■■' ■■■ Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, 290,712 filed Bee. 7, 1900 for . Storage nattery ReooptacleB. This is in response to~ amendment of Sept. IB, 1909. In claim 1 "extension" has no anteoedent. Claim 4 is rejected as an aggregation, there being no co¬ ordination between the speoifio head and groove means of scouring the hushing in the opening and applicant's specific style of oover valve closure. ; The other clninn may prohahly he allowed. Exaininor. IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OPE ICE Thomas A. Edison ! STORAGE BATTERY RECEPTACLES J Room Ho. 148. Piled December 7i 19^5 J Serial No. 290,712 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS SIR: In response to rejection of Ootober 5, 1909, please amend this case as follows: Page 1 of the specification, line 8, insert at the end of the line - whioh has matured into Letters Pat¬ ent No. 852,424, granted May 7, 1907 - • Canoel Claim 1 and rewrite bb follows: - A storage battery can c iceptaole having an opening, a bUBhing having a valve seat and secured in said opening, a ring'applled to Bald bUBhing, a cover valve pivoted to said ring and having an extension, and a latohing means pivoted to said ring and c'oac.ting^with 4 said extension of said cover valve, substantially as set^^ Claim 4, line 6, insert - and - after "bUBhing". Line 7, canoel "a spring for". Canoel all of llneB 8 and 9 and oancel line 10 through "valve". (1) REMARKS Reoonsideration and allowance are requested. Claim 1 has been rewritten to overcome the formal objection of the Examiner that the term "extension" had no ante¬ cedent. Certain elements of the combination in Claim 4 have been canceled in order to remove any possible object¬ ion that the claim is sin aggregation therefrom. It is thought that the claim in itB present form is patentable over the references. Respectfully submitted, THOMAS A. EDISON By _ Oot. 3rd, 1910. His Attorney DEPARTMENT OP THE INTERIOR J NIT ED STATES PATENT OPPIOE WASHINGTON Thomao A. Edison, c/o Prank L. Dyer, r Orange, 3T. ,T. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER i\ Hoyprip,or,.i&, 1910. ^ ffiW 5 1*’:' j charge of your application. 29Q,712 filed nee. 7, 1905 for storage ^atteiy Receptacles. Responsive to anondnent. of October 4, 1910. The oath in this. case is informal according to Rules of Practice, #47, which forbids the ac' nowledgment being taken by any attorney appearing in the case. A now oath is required. The claims are thought to contain nothing patentable over the art of record, in view of the use of a separate ring on which to mount the cover and locking bar as illustrated by the following patents: - ■gcCormick, ot al, 554,344, Fob. 11, 1896, (137-4) Linioh, 608,613, Aug. 9, 1898, (137-28) Lewis, 526,785, Oct. 2, 1894, (Vulcanizing Apparatus) the To no modify the closures shown by/Rnyder patents of record would not be invention. The use Sf a spring has been shown as old and might be added without involving inventive skill. Claim 4 is still rejected as an aggregation, as~ there 1b no coaction whatever between the closure mounted on a ring and the specific bead and recess engagement for securing the bushing to the receptacle. Rcckendorfer vs. Faber, 0. B. 1876, vol. 10, p. 71. t^ezz ■Examiner, IK THE UNITED STATES PATENT OPPICE Thomas A. Edison : STORAGE BATTERY RECEPTACLES : Room No. 148 Piled Deoember 7, 1905 ; Serial No. 290,712 ; HONORABLE COULSI SSI ONER OP PATENTS SIR: In partial response to Office action of November 5, 1910, a new oath is enclosed herewith to be filed in the oaBe to take the place of the oath which the Examiner declares to be informal. An amendment in response to the Examiner’s action upon the claims will later be made. Respectfully, THOMAS A. EDISON By _ His Attorney Orange, N. J. November 17th, 1910 OATH State of Hew Jersey ) : as. : County of Essex ) THOMAS ALVA EDISON, the above named petitioner, being duly sworn, deposes and says that he is a citizen of the United StateB, and a resident of Llewellyn Park, Orange, in the County of Essex and State of Hew Jersey; that he verily believes himself to be the original, first and sole inventor of the improvements in STORAGE BATTERY RECEPTACEESdesoribed and claimed in the specification of application Serial Ho. 290,712, filed Deoembor 7, 1905; that he does not know and does not be¬ lieve that the same was ever known or used before hiB in¬ vention or discovery thereof; or patented or described in any printed publication in the United States of America or any foreign country before his invention or discovery thereof, or more than two years prior to said application; or patented in any country foreign to the United States on an application filed more than twelve months prior to the said application; or in public ubo or on Bale in the United States for more than two years prior to said appli¬ cation; and that no application for patent upon said in¬ vention has been filed by him or his legal representatives or assigns in any foreign country. Sworn to and subscribed before me this day of si &Y- , 1910. IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Thomas A. Edison ) STORAGE BATTERY RECEPTACLES j Filed Deoembar 7, 1905 ) Serial No. 290,712 j Room No. 148. HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, SIR: In response to the Office notion of November 5, 1910, please amend the above entitled applica¬ tion as follows :- Page 2, line 18, after "yoke" insert - or latoh - Same page, line 19, oanoel "and", and insert a period after "40". After the period thus inserted insert as a oom- plete sentenoe - The lid 42 has an extension 42' with a oam sitrfaoe for oo-operation with the latoh 45. - . Same line, ohange "the" before "hinge" to - The - . Add the following claims:- V// A A storage battery oan or reoeptaole having an opening ^a^-bushing having a valve seat and seoured in said opening, a ring'^applied to sAid bushing, a oover valve pivoted to said rdng^nd having an extension with a oam surface, and a latohlng^means pivoted to said ring and ooaoting with the oam surfaoe of4 IH 5 pWr?.j'T orr/T, i c/o Prank L. ‘jj. ^ ‘ j Edison Laboratory, \ | Orange, V. J. Plcn.se find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. #300, 713, filed Lee. 7, 1905, for Storage Eatery Reooptaolen. Commissioner of ralcnU Responsive to amendment filed Nov. 15, 1918, The claims are each confusing in their ref ere nos to the "bushing device", since it is not clear just what element applicant refers to by this term. The claims are each incorrect in the statement that the cover has a cam surface. There is no cam action between the cover valve and the fastening member; the fastening member movoB on a pivot and its free end desoribos the uro of a oirole, while the extension of the cover valve has its free end rounded so that the fastening member will ride up over it in its movement; suoh a ooabtion doea not con¬ stitute oara moans. The claims are oaoh again rej ected on the roferenoos for the reasons of record. The olairas j(tb sIbo rojeotod on ‘ 736,°772, Aug. 18, 1903, Petersen (330 - 124). It is not believed that anything patentable has been disclos¬ ed in this case, and applicant is advised to prepare for final action. Examiner, [ON BACK OF PRECEDING PAGE] _ *=L- cl si Jf ?/■ £s- -JfkHke. , 4 oMc,. '-0 // // '/?/ ■/ ~ V > // S- ...^ S/-±yL> O'il-'Z- ..:0j f t'CrS-i— . .{-iLZ: — Jiii i C-Sj- _ Ctdl . . J.&uUfr . Jc'k*ki:J. dff .fr. 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C^k^Jic^ S', -fy C.cj7 ^ r, s? n > ,1 ^3e^v. — -v AJ KS'.f- ^ . c^fc -W . “ ^f< TM.-f \Lo -SPEC1EICATI0N- TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: Be it known that 1 , THOMAS ALVA EDISON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Llewellyn Park, Orange, in the County of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful im¬ provements in PRIMARY AND SECONDARY BATTERIES, Of which the following is a description: My invention relates to primary and secondary ■batteries of the type employing alkaline electrolyte and wherein one of the active materials during the discharge is dissolved in the electrolyte, a suitable depolarizing material being used furnishing oxygen on discharge. An example of a primary battery of this type is the well known Lalande element wherein W*e metallic zinc- is opposed to oxide of copper in a potassium hydrate „so- . - lution, the zinc on discharge being dissolved in the elec¬ trolyte to form an alkaline zinoate, and the copper oxide being reduced to .the metallic state. An example of a secondary or reversible battery of this type is described in my patent No, 684,205, dated -October-8^ 1901, wherein nickel- hydroxide is used ^s ~the - depolarizer, a plate of metallic magnesium being -employed - - — to receive the zinc deposit plated out of the alkaline _ ' _ zincate solution by the charging current. With such a secondary battery, on discharge the nickel hydroxide will be reduced to a lower condition of oxidation, and the met al lTd "zinc wi ll~be oxidized and dissolved lnthe elec- tr o ly t e -f r om-whi ch-it- willbe -again-p lat e d-out~ on~the next - char ging_ ope ra ti on • _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ! My present invention is based on the discovery that if an alkaline silicate , preferably silicate of potadbj is added to the electrolyte of batteries of the type re¬ ferred to, the solvent power or capacity of the solution for zinc is very largely increased and may be made actually more than twice that of the usual alkaline hydrate alone. This permits the battery cells to be made considerably smaller than heretofore in order to obtain a given ampere capacity. In the case of the lalande combination, using copper oxide opposdd to metallix zinc, the best composi¬ tion for the electrolyte is to add to a twenty percent solu¬ tion of potassic hydrate, about fifteen per cent of sili- cate of potash. In other words, each one hundred cubic centimeters of the solution contains twenty grams of solid hydrate of potash, to which is added fifteen grams ,of powdered silicate of potash; but it will be of course understood that the proportion of ingredients used: may be varied within wide limits, and, in fact, that the addition of even a small percentage of silicate of potash adds to the useful effect. When the solution is used in .connection with reversible or secondary batteries employing nickel hydrox¬ ide opposed to metallic zinc, as described in my patent above referred to, the proportions of potash and of the alkaline silicate can be c onveniently increased, since . . there, is. less likelihood of-the-solution freezing- than- with a primiary battery, which latter, are ordinarily used, in _ more 9XP 08 8d Placea » such for railroad signaling. The employment of the new electrolyte in connection with an alkaline zincate reversible batte'ry. ctr olytelyb/sucluftftv exl iii the < n ba* i active masse's . x5compare favor- smplloying nickel It will of course be understood that the improved electrolyte may he used in any' alkaline zincate battery, either primary or secondary, and that any suitable active depolarizing material may be employed, such as oxides of ■copper, silver or mercury or the hydroxides of nickel or I am not able to explain with absolute cer¬ tainty the cause of the very superior results which are secured when an alkaline silicate is added to the solution as above explained, but .1 believe the reBultB are due to the fact that the oxide of zino formed on discharge is converted into a double isalt of silica and pota’ssium O - ^ ^ O' 4 <■? ^ (silic@-zincate of. potasnTwhich is much more soluble ih, ■£ the alkaline solution than the single Balt, of zinc and,V\ ... potassium.'fand consequently less of the electrolyte may \ be used to hold the dissolved metal in solution. I have referred particularly to the use of silicate of potash as the preferable alkaline silicate for the purpose ,sihcelhave secured thebestresurts with - this material-when added- to -a solution of potasBium hy- - drate as explained. Very good results may be secured . - however with silicate of soda in a potash solution, al- _ though not quite so good as with silicate of potash. In solutions of soda, the 'addition of. an alkaline silicate - — : _ _ 1 - -i - results in Improvement, bttju^o^-u' muuk lent) mutmlr f ’T3T9 n? 1. An alkaline battery electrolyte containing an alkaline silicate, as set forth. 2. An alkaline battery electrolyte containing silicate oj. potash, as set forth. 3. A battery electrolyte containing potassium hydrate and an alkaline silicate,, as Bet forth. 4. A battery electrolyte containing potassium hydrate and potassium silicate, as set forth. 5. In a battery the combination of an electrode employing metallic zinc, a second electrode employing a depolarizing mass, and an alkaline electrolyte contain¬ ing an alkaline silicate, substantially as set forth. 6. In a battery, the combination of an electrode employing metallic zinc, a second electrode employing a iepolarizing mass, and an alkaline electrolyte containing silicate of potash, substantially as set forth. 7. In a reversible battery, the combination of in electrode employing metallic zinc, a second electrode >mpl oying nickel .hydroxide . as a depolizer. and an-alkaline _ ... *«°trolyte containing an alkaline silicate, substantially _ us set forth. - 8 •. In a reversible battery, the c omb inatlon of an _ electrode employing metallic zinc, a second electrode em- ploying nickel hydroxide as the depolarizer, and an alka- Line electrolyte containing silicate of potash, BUbstan- tially as set forth. 9, In a reversible battery, the combination of an ilectrode plate of metallic magnesium, a second electrode 4 employing a depolarizing mass, an alkaline zinoate electro¬ lyte containing an alkaline silicate, substantially as eet forth. • 10. In a reversible battery, the combination of an electrode plate of metallic magnesium, a second electrode . employing a depolarizing maas^an alkaline zincate elec¬ trolyte containing silicate of potash, substantially as set forth.' m ' r c? ’XS> ( MM {zfZZTa KJ^/ C&J ko*> (ft L&&6. “"(“d ifcrJTt.) {^SL- . t-w C«yw6tM^{:vrtl. U?t,Cfc~ A ^SttfUvrr C&tvwa Gs-y ... yj&TW.' w<| fZjxrM erf^yX^i O (L ifUU . i C-tA. lt.^£&> CC-^Ctx^ Ouo CO tCC "CC-c* Mp J. cc-tC c(M. j. . %x.c*~£jz. Oe^ ..iS-e cc-e, Cz.^-f -\c£eJ \ j J?. -o U^— xLc^t-o^.. .fc,V trCit-M^ __I&4 ' / .. >- (Q/C A w-/9t% • Wa*/ 7cjOiiW(.{ CD "Vj^o ^JLoov^a. Oo ^ Wir^_(^ jo-vA-aw "\i VM*U\3- oJ^NyA'Oy 0 !Lh wA "^, ^r'x" a,»>->-''''^s4kA^^ d_o uj^6cA_^, £A_C^V} CX ^U^J^CLx OvAVMO*i^H~A. x/vAiw^O v^aa-sJl/^-^ Sv°^->OvA_X-^ \^3J^ VLkSLaa. flL-ooi) O^AjOi u/X/Jhl rN^-’5i CLJcr-NA^srSj^ Vj-'r'v) vmAJsJU /vjO^yvA- 'T\)v>_m-v>U^ Va. X^M„ £X \aA)-^ Ov^LR^ ^IaJ^ vm\nslasl £Lxxx A-AN-& — ■QA\MvJ>-C3'A CUAJ 'jki' . V^sSi_ '^XJvM \s_, g-\A(^AX ^ VviK-cJij ^cuA • ' (2) a-^» tywiSol) tyjjfiJu. I o 5-x^nTH. Aa wo?XkXan4n. ^>\rvX^-^ ^kSj V^l-njs^ '-aa, yAovjv-V CaaA NJ'r0‘3^v. t*_ ^sjnJIAa) cLXaSuJ^-a^ XsXnaan^ (WJT '^X' v.^9 oJ^^-^LMLA^J>iL\^ , (X \a/S_^U\5s ^X-oX-AAA^ . *~"^JLNr\A. \ArvTHfcA x5j$i ^vW-aK .VxANAy *tc& . ; . G. /a^Kx^ -vs^uNa^ Vv/Vaa ^->ssX>«r«5^iXAj5vSL^ . 0>Jao^AA^ cS->TS^o fVo^ oJiiN^. \aav “ Co o9- W^-Vm\ "VCCs 'W^^vAvkKAfsA. o^ w4(_aj^ \jjSJ_aL MM/' \ ^ ^ C> • ”vsK^_ >kNJv^JivAA-^ S\^ CM, Sa)^cC5IC \MKX3 i 0 \ gfr tkjJr CX^- •v^OsSc N^o^1xan^ \ &OvX_^ O^nJ^A '•sJvK A^vW^ . 'SvMvhrVvArVv^ ’/-^J^JkJAj^ ^S^ooo^nj Oc. ^AT^XTVv C^O^Va vjvOC^ QiL^r ^ \^>il oxj^l \ai '^NATYL/ \^>sjvn o. Ajjv^Jc vj^aviM^ «Uk|^. ^Wv -Vjwx, ^NOO Oo \yW^ ^ V&4 o — o cJLsxam)^ Z- k . Zo l^oC -t ge.-wf ~f't> ^<^&XVv»»^C. ~~-teU caa- c>^~ ~ cZs2Lan~^&^~ LLjl a11 aB Conmi°n in this art. The e last io buffer, constituting the essen* tial feature of my invention, may be made a part of eithir the main sprocket on the shaft 1, or the sprocket 15 on ttye countershaft, or the gear J5, or the pinion J3j and, when other forms of driving meohanism are us^d, it may be mad< a part of any one or more of the wheels employed in conneo- tlon therewith. For the purpose of illustration, I show a spring buffer in connection with the sprocket wheel 3 on the countershaft 4, the specifio construction boing more clearly shown in Figures 2 and 3. Here the outer part of the sprocket is formed with a hub tJ, loose on the shaft jl, and working against a collar J9, being lock¬ ed against longitudinal mov ament by a cap 10, on the inner part of the wheel and rigidly secured to the Shaft by a key 11, and locked in place by a bolt 12. The inner part of the wheel ie formed with a plurality of ribs 13, alternating with corresponding ribs 14, formed integrally with the outer part of the sprocket wheel 2. Mounted between the ribs 13 and 14 as shown, are buffers 16. made preferably of rubber, although other elastic material or elastio forms may be substituted. Provision is made when rubber, or other non-oompressible buffers are used, to allow for the displacement thereof, when subjected to pressure, preferably by forming the outer part of the wheel with reoesses 16, as Bhown. By vary¬ ing the size of theBe reoesses, the extent of deforma¬ tion of the buffers may be conveniently regulated to glvu the desired degree of elasticity, as will be evident. It will be obvious that whan any sudden strains are en¬ countered in the driving mechanism, relative movement will be afforded between the two parts of the sprocket wheel, thereby /distorting certain of the springs or buffers 16, and absorbing the shock .elastically. By pro • vldlng sets of buffers on either side of the ribs 13 and 14. as shown, the shocks thus set up in the apparatus wlJL be absorbed elastically in either direction of rotation of the motor. Although I have specifically referred heroin to the use of my improvements with electric automobiles, it will he understood that they may he used in connection with any desired types of motor vehicles, wherein, under present conditions, sudden shocks are encountered in the driving mechanism. Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to Booure by Letters Patent is as fol¬ lows: - 1. In an automobile, the combination with the driven shaft , af&ivliagS ‘motor and intermediate driving mechanism between the motor and said driven shaft, of means forming part of the driving meohaniam for permitting the elements thereof to yield elastically when subjected to sudden shocks, substantially as and for the purposes j set forth. I 2. In an eleotrio automobile, the combination j with its driven shaft and driving motor, of an elaBtlo j connection between the same, permitting relative elastic movement of said motor and shaft under the effect of BUdden strains, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. 3. In an automobile, the combination of a driven shaft, a driving motor and mechanical connections between the same, the latter employing a two-part wheel, the parts <££ which are movable relatively, and a astic cushions interposed between such parts, substantially as and, for the purposes set forth. 4. In mechanism between the motor and driven shaft of an automobile, a sprooket or gear wheel, com¬ prising an exterior part having inwardly projecting ribs, an interior part having outwardly projecting alter¬ nately arranged ribs, and elastio buffers between the adjaoent ribs of the two parts, one of said parts being formed with clearance spaces to accomodate the deforma¬ tion of said buffers when subjected to sudden strains, substantially as set forth. Sbis specification signed and witnessed tbis da? of 190 Witnesses : *f A <£/? /U. ©atb. State of IRew 3erse? Count? of Essex Thomas a. e d x s o h , tbe above named petitioner, being bul? sworn, beposes and saps tbat be is a citizen of tbe 'limited States, anb a resident Of Llowellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and"* State of lfew Jersey; tbat be veril? believes bimself to be tbe original, first anb sole inventor of tbe . improvements in electric ahtohobiles, bescribeb anb claimed in tbe annexed specification; tbat be does not hnow and does not believe tbat tbe same was ever ftnown or used before bis invention or discover? thereof ; or patented or bescribeb in an? printed publication in tbe THntteb States of Hmerica or an? foreign countr? before bis invention or discover? thereof, or more than two pears prior to tbis application ; or patented in an? countr? foreign to tbe ‘United States on an application filed more than twelve months prior to tbis application ; or in public use or on sale in tbe •mnited States for more than two pears prior to tbis application ; anb tbat no application for patent upon said invention has been filed b? him or bis legal representatives or assigns in an? foreign countr?. Sworn to and subscribed before me tbis [Seal] motar? public. DEPART IV! i INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C., April 7, Thomas A. Bdiaon, i£F: . fc:S Care Jfrank L. Dyer, Sdiflon laboratory, Orange, B. J. • Please find below a conemienivalloii from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, tor Bleotrlo Automobiles, filed Jan. 27, 1906, 8. So. 298, 20ft* Thia case has been examined. Claims 1, 2, and 3 are rejeoted on the patent to AlllngfctBf v/486,06fl, Hov. lfi, 1892, (Bleotrlo Looomotiven. ) Claim 4 la rejeoted on the patem| above cited, -there bail* no invention in providing olearanoe spaoe in view ofthe- patent Hunt, U72.707, April 12, 1892, (Shaft CouplingB,) or Bacon, 309,679, Deo. 23, 1884, (Gearing, Yleldable.) . . Serial No. Applicant. t) kL-d t jj. (^M2L auuress. . . ~^(y" £ -t 'ra: ZZZZ> /j&s. (3&taL&u7~ Filed. . i^kf w/~/ f g 6 ' Examiner’s Room No.„ _ ^^^....5^1... /S.Ht...A . 1 6_ 'aJ... . 1 7_ '*oJk 5.^^ ' ^ ' 7 'J^La 177^ / ^ ^ ./*..ii 2 1 . . _ z_. FRANK L. DYER, Counsel, Orange, New Jersey. petition Go the Commissioner of patents : IPour petitioner t h okh as a. Edison , a clttien of tbe Glnlteb States, residing anb having a post office abbress at Llewellyn Parle, Orange, County of Essex and State of Hew Jersey} pra?s that letters patent ma\> be granteb to blm for tbe improvements In DEEDING APPARATUS DOR CEMENT KILNS set fortb In tbe anneieb specification ; anb be bereb? appoints Jratth X. m?er (•(Registration mo. 560), of fiblson xaborator^, ©range, flew 3erse?, bis attorney, witb full power of substitution anb revocation, to prosecute tbis application, to mahe alterations anb amenbments therein, to receive tbe patent, anb to transact all business in tbe patent ©ffice connecteb therewith. -SPECIFICATION" TO All WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: BE IT KNOWN, that I, THOMAS A1VA EDISON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Llewellyn Part, Orange, County of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain improvements in FEEDING APPARATUS FOR CEMENT KI1NS, of which the following is a descrip- tion:- I ty invention relates to various new and useful improvements in feeding apparatus, which haB heen design¬ ed for introducing finely pulverized unhumt cement material or "chalk" into the upper end of rotary kilns for burning Portland cement clinker. In my patent No. 802,631 of Ootober 24, 1905, I describe an apparatus for this purpose, In which a long conveyor sorew is mounted below a bin or hopper and serves to introduce the materi¬ al into the upper end of the kiln and close to the lin¬ ing thereof in successive increments. I have found it important in actual practice that the conveyor screw for thus introducing the material into the kiln Bhould be of a relatively coarse pitch. Suoh a oonveyor is not only cheaper than one having a finer pitch, but is also less affeoted by the heat and warps to a muoh less extent than a screw of fine pitch. Even with a ooarse pitch, it is impossible to fit the same olOBely to the tube in which it works, and if a fine pitoh screw were used, greater clearance would have to be provided, whioh would -1- seriously influence the desired, regularity of the feed. Surth aracre, if a fine pitch screw were attempted to he uaed, the high speed at which it would have to be operated and the extent of the surface thereof in contact with the enclosing tube would enormously increase the fric¬ tion. It is impossible to melee use of a bearing at the inner end, owing to the fereat heat. The principal objection, however, to a very coarse pitch screw is that the inclination thereof is so great as to frequently allow material from the storage bin to be forced by its weight longitudinally past the screw into the kiln; and even when this result does not take place the pres¬ sure of the material in the storage bin is genorally enough to influence the regularity of the feed. It iB highly import ant that the feed should be regular so that a constant load of material may be fed to the kiln, in order that the best results in practice may be secured, requiring less regulation of the fuel and permitting the kiln to always work at its best and moot eoonomioal pap&oity. The essential object of my present invention is to provide a feeding mechanism for the purpose, in whioh a coarse pitch screw is used, and wherein the objection to the . employment of suoh screws iB overoome. To this end the invention comprises a feed raeohanism for rotary cement kilns, employing a storage bin for containing the r|hn.lk, a ooarse pitch feed screw or conveyor, for introducing the unburnt material into the kiln, and an auxiliary conveyor, (preferably a feed screw of fine pitch, turning at relatively high speed) inter¬ posed between the storage bin and the main conveyor, and adapted to withdraw a uniform amount of material from the storage bin and deposit the same upon the nain conveyor, by which it will be introduoed within the kiln. In order that the invention may he better under¬ stood, attention is directed to the aocompanying draw¬ ings, forming part of this specification, and in which - Figure 1, is a side elevation partly in Beotion showing the main conveyor broken away and illustrating the hopper, with which the storage bin is connected, Figure 2, a plan view of the same, Figure 3, a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 1, through the main and auxiliary conveyors, and Figure 4, a section on the line 4-4 of Figure 1, looking towards the motor# In all of the above views corresponding parts are represented by the same numerals of referenoe. The feed mechanism is carried on a car 1, having supporting wheels 2-2, working on traoks 2i-_3, in order that the position of the main conveyor screw can bB ad¬ justed with respect to the kiln. This main oonveyor screw.! 4 is of a very coarse pitch, as shown, and is mounted in a tube or barrel jj, sufficient looseness of fit being provided to accommodate any warping to which , the conveyor screw may be subjected.’ . The shaft 6 of the main conveyor carries a spur gear with whioh a pinion 8 engages; said pinion is mounted on a counter¬ shaft 9, whioh carries a spur gear 10, driven by a pinion 11 on the motor shaft 12. Any suitable souroe of power is applied to the shaft 12, an electric motor 13 being shown for the purpose. A olutoli 14 may be interposed in the shaft 12, so as to permit the motor to be discon¬ nected whenever desired. The motor shaft 12 carries a gear 16, which engages and drives a gear 16, on the shaft 17, of the auxiliary oonveyor 18, the latter being of a much finer pitch than the main conveyor 4., aB shown. The auxiliary conveyor 18 receives material from the hopper 19 , with which conneots the lower end of a storage bin (not shown), and delivers the material to the main conveyor 4, through a passage 20. The gears 7_, 0, 10 and 11, are enclosed by a casing 21, and the gears 15, and 16 are enclosed by a casing 22 , so as to exclude dust. The gearing between the motor shaft 12, and the shaft 6 of the main conveyor 4 ie so proportion¬ ed relatively to the gearing between the motor shaft and the shaft 17 of the auxiliary oonveyor 18 that the main oonveyor 4 will turn sligitly more rapidly than is necessary, to accommodate the full load of material de- I livered by the auxiliary conveyor 18, w hereby the auxil- / iary oonveyor vfill deliver a full and uniform load of material to the main conveyor, and the loss in feeding capacity, due to the looseness of fit between the main oonveyor 4 and its containing tube or barrel 5, will not in any way interfere with the delivery by the main oonveyor of the full load of material supplied by the auxiliary conveyor. In operation, the material deliv¬ ered by the storage bin to the hopper 19 will fill the latter and be effectively choked by the auxiliary convey- or !§.« <>v’ing to the fine pltoh thereof, which will resist any independent movement of the material past the same, due to its weight. In operation, the auxiliary conveyor 18 feeds to the main conveyor always a definite amount of material from the storage bin, dependent upon the speed of rotation of the auxiliary conveyor and the amount of material thus fed will be independent of the weight of material in the storage bin, which as I have before explained, is not the caee when a coarse pitch sorew ie *4- used, connected directly with the supply of material. Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is as follows: . -J n f ^ i & ^ A Ax 1. In cement (feeding mechanism} the combiha- rv 'v’cVwf«t tion withva .hopper for receiving a supply of material, and a coarse oitch feed screvT, %Pan auxiliary conveyor \ tMtc.-CUuvbtt.ir <,< normally blocking the flow of materia!’ from the hopper to the main conveyor, but adapted to doliver a uniform load of matorial^from the hopper to .the main conveyor, substantially as and for the purposes set forth, 2. In cemen^ feeding apparatus, the combination with a hopper for receiving a supply of material, and a coarse pitch feed screw Adjacent to the same, of a fine pitch conveyor between the Chopper and a coarse pitch feed screw for feeding a uni form load of material between the two, substantially as and Vor the purposes set forth. 3, In oement feeding apparatus, the combina¬ tion with a fine pitch auxiliary feed sorew and a hopper conveying material to the same, perpendioular to its axis at one of its ends, of a coarse pi\tch feed screw extending substantially parallel with a fine pitch sorew and receiving material delivered therefrom\o its other end, substantially aB and for the purposes se$ forth. 4. In cement i tion with a hopper for feeding apparatus, the combina- reoeiving fine material, an z, auxiliary fine pitoh feed sorew conneoted therewith, and uniformly removing* material therefrom, and a main -5- m coarae pitch feed screw receiving material delivered fcy the fine pitch screw, of a driving shaft, and gear- lng between the driving >haft and the too feed screws for rotating th£ feed sc ”6ws, the speed of the main scrow being slightly greater proportionately1" than that of the' : auxiliary screw, sub stdj/ti ally aB and for the purposes set forth. THUitnesses : ^ f'S-UL 2, _ '"?■ ©atb. State of mew 3ersep Count? of Essex 1 00., i H o m a.' a A, K D i 8 o s i tbc above nameb petitioner, being bulp sworn, beposes anb saps tbat be is a cit(3en of tbe Ulnlteb States, anb a resibent Of Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and Stute of New Jersey} tbat be veriip believes bimself to be tbe original, first anb sole inventor of tbe improvements in feeding apparatus for cement kilns, bescrlbeb anb clalineb in tbe annexeb specification; tbat be boes not Know anb boes not believe tbat tbe same was ever Known or useb before bis invention or biscoverp thereof ; orpatentebor bescrlbeb in an? prlnteb publication in tbe Ulniteb States of Htnerica or an? foreign countrp before bis invention or blscover? thereof, or more than two pears prior to this application ; or patenteb in an? countr? foreign to tbe Wntteb States on an application fileb more than twelve months prior to this application ; or in public use or on sale in tbe Ulnlteb States for more than two pears prior to this application; anb tbat no application for patent upon saib invention bas been fileb b? him or bis legal representatives or assigns in an? foreign countrp. ■ _ Q- •Gxdj-'Uto*- _ Sworn to anb subscribeb before me this / ba? of^M. 190 L _ $ JjjUjdl O . _ [Seal] IRotarp public. DW....4 . Room _ 232 DEPARTMENT OF-' THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C„ HaTCh 5, 190l Thomas A. Edison, o/o -Prank !■* Dyer , . Orange, H.J, a of layep\Von 1 \ sscs J Please find below a communication from, the EXAMINER in charge of year application. Serial Ho. 299,484, filed February 6, 1906, for feeding Apparatus for Cement Kilns. $ c/, Commissioner of Patents. Ca3s examined. ' The 1st, 2d, and 3d claims are met in the patents to Buasells 604,348, May 17, 1898 and Berner, 617,391, Jan. 10, 1889 (Con. ^Od.,bir Sorew), see also the patent to Church, 304,61ft, Sept. 2, 1884 (same class ) . Said claims are rejected. UNITED STATES PATENT 0 EPICS Thomas A. Edison ) IEBDNNC APPARATUS JOR ) CEMENT KILNS j Room No. 232 Piled Pebruary 5, 1906 ) Serial No. 299,484 | HONORABLE COMMX SS IONER OP PAT HITS SIR:-- Replying to Office aotion of March 5th, 1906, please amend the above entitled case as follows : Rewrite claims 1, 2 and 3 as follows: 1 . _Jji- a'cementi- td®nZofj-*-rotaryr-oeiaeTrtq: forA comprising a hopper a coarse pitch feed sor^ of ijiaid kiln, and an auk the flow of material fr|>i but adapted to deliver hopper to the main con1 -burning apparatUBy-the-co-mhlna' ifctin-with^feoding mechanism there¬ for receiving a supply of material communicating with the interior ^ciliary conveyor normally blocking i the hopper to the main oonveyor uniform load of material from the ror, substantially as set forth. 2. In a cement tion of a rotary oement for comprising a hopper ing with the interior of feeding a uniform load of material from substantially as set for turning apparatus , the oo mbina- kiln with feeding mechanism there¬ for receiving a supply of material a coarse pitch feed soreir adjacent the same and oommunioat said kiln, and a fine pitch oon- 1 and ooarse pitoh feed screw for the other., 3. In a cement ‘burning apparatus, the ocmiblnation of a rotary cement kiln with| feeding mechanism therefor comprising^ a fine pitch auxiliary feed sorew, a hopper for supplying material to the same, and a ooarse pitch feed sordi . extending, substantially parallel with said fine pitoh feed screw for receiving matlrlal delivered therefrom and Mu M «U 4,i» iv/Tuu. flu . delivering it to the kiln, Substantially as sat forth. -REMARKS - The references clearly fail to anticipate the in¬ vention . patent Ho. 604, 348 to Bussell discloses a de- vioe for cooking fish wherein a horizontal kettle or steam cylinder A is provided with a screw conveyor 3? for pass¬ ing the fish through the same. The purpose and fiinotion of applicant's devioe is not present and is not suggested. The structure of the reference belongs to an art which has no analogy with that of applicant's devioe, but if -there were any analogy it is sub mitted that the kettle A in which the fish are tried out would correspond to the cement kiln, so that the vertical feed screw m of the referenoe would correspond with the main feed screw 4 of applicant and there is nothing to correspond *ith the auxiliary or fine pitch screw 18 of applicant. Patent No. 617, 391 to Berner discloses an apparatus fur drying sand or other materials. A rotary drum or cylinder A is adapted to receive and dry the sand.. This cylinder corresponds roughly with the oement kiln of ap¬ plicant. The feeding devioe oonsistB of a spiral conveyor R whioh corresponds to the conveyor 4 of applicant. It should be noted however that in the reference the shaft of the spiral conveyor is provided with a bearing at each end, one bearing being looated inside of the cylinder A 8. (see Fi.g.l) . Such a structure as tide would be impossible in a cement burning apparatus on account of the high temp¬ eratures employed and this is one of the* reasons why ap¬ plicant is precluded from using a fine pitch conveyor as the main supply. Obviously there is no auxiliary feeding device for supplying the main feed R of this reference. Patent JTo .304 , 610 discloses merely moans for mixing or proportioning materials which includes a manbar of spiral conveyors. There is no disclosure of applicant ' s invention which relates and is limited to cement burning apparatus . Respectfully submitted . his attorney. Orange, Hew jersey September yi, 1900. ./LA DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, Washington, d. c., October 11, 1906 A. Edison, c/o Drank L, Dyer, / ' Orange, Hew Jersey. \ ’ Pimae fin'd below a minmionieaUon from, the EXAMINER in tjhm% Serial No. 299,434, filed pebruary 6, 1906, for Deeding \ Apparatus for Cement Kilns, & c/ Case re-examined on amendment filed September 29, 1906 j The new 1st, 2d and 3rd claims set forth as an element of the combination a "rotary oement kiln". This element is not illustrated as required by Rule 50. The 1st and 2d olairas, howe ver, present nothing of invention oyer the references BusBellB and Berner of reoord. The 3rd claim is met in Berner, of record. The 1st, 2d end 3rd olaims are rejected. (j£k WA I % '4 TOUTED STATES PATENT OFFICE. Thomas A. Edison Piled February 5, 1906 Serial Ho. 299,484 Room Ho, 232 HONORABLE 80M&ISSI01TER OF PATENTS: SIR: — Replying to Office letter of October 11, 1906, please amend as follows: Rewrite the claims as follows: - 1 ■''NA feeding mechanism for rotary cement kilns comprising a hooper for receiving a supply of material, a coarse pitch feed screw communicating with the interior of the kiln and an auxiliary 'conveyorA normally blocking the flow of material from theSJioppeiv- to the main conveyor but adapted to deliver a unifornN^oad'of material from the hopper to the main conveyor, sift^stantiai'ly. as set forth. i, A feeding mechanism foXrotary cement kilns comprising a^hoppor for receiving a. surely of material^ ' a coarse pitch feed screw adjacent the same and communioat1 ing, wit£ ttipintyricir of the kiln, and a f imH.pitch! oon- Veyoj^betv/o^n said hopper and coarse pitch eed'^crew fpr f eedingja^ii^^^l^d^f^^te^al fj ■ndAi UdU-i substt tially as set fo ■ / i'-c/ ' \ 3. A feeding raechaniBm for rotary cement kilns comprising a fine pitoh auxiliary feed screw, a hopper for Bupplyingvniaterial,, to Ahe ma screw extending helow and substantially parallel with said fine pitch feed screw for r< ceiving material delivered a coarse pitoh feed therefrom a pi.tch feed /ore used for applicant's purpose, the very condition which ' /ed applicant lias design, his improvement to remedy, would be aggravated, namely, the finely pulverized chalk material would be forced down into the cylinder A under a pressure even greater than that which would be given it by the weight of the material above it in the hopper, if there were no force feed in the hopper L. This pressure would force the material paBt the convolutions of the coarse pitch screw and an irregular feed would result. The auxiliary Bcrew I in the case of Bussells does not block the flow of material from the hopper to the main conveyor. The distinctions here pointed out are brought out in the olaims, and the Examiner's objections as to the lack of illustration have been complied with. Claim 3 now numbered as Claim 6 is illustrated aB to the feature of the feed screw having no bearing at the end within the kiln, and is apparently therefore allowable. Present Claim 8 is substantially original Claim 4 of the first set of olaims, whioh never has been under rejection, and was apparently canoelled through inadvertence in amendment of August 17, 1907. (4) I I The Examiner Btates that all applicant has done ii to connect Bussell' b hopper feeding Bcrew and coarBe pitch feed screw up to a kiln, which, he states, is merely a double use of the device. Applicant has now pointed out tho various differences in structure and also the differences in the results attained, so that in place of the double use it would seem that a new use has been attained, which, according to the decisions, would render the claims patent- able, even though there were no essential differences of structure. A number of decisions might be cited in this connection. For example, Moore vs. Schaw, ll8 "S 602, which |j holds that a device relating to one art is not anticipated ij by a like device taken from an entirely foreign art, where I I I the latter was not intended by its maker, nor actually adapted, to perform the functions of the former. Diamond Drill & Machine Co. V3. Kelly Bros., 120 E 289, states that a literal mechanioal correspondence iB not necessarily an anticipation. The principles of mechanics are always the same, and, in the almost endlesB combinations of them which are possible, it is not to be expected that duplications will not occur; where they do appear, the question is whether the new use is so closely analogous as to have been presumably brought about by what had preceded it, or whether it is so remote and different that the result can not be ascribed to mere suggestion. It certainly can not be contended that the method of Bussell for preventing the escape of steam from the I cooking cylinder by jamming the fiBh down into the mouth of the cylinder, could suggest to applicant the method of feeding cement into a kiln, whereby the advantages of using a coarse pitch screw for communicating with the interior of the kiln could be Baved, while also obviating the (5) I difficulty which has heretofore gone with the exclusive employment of the coarse pitch screw for '^purpose with the finely pulverized material, that the material would I tend to creep past the convolutions of the screw and so feed irregularly. The decisions go much farther than is necessary to hear put applicant's contention. For example, j it has been decided in the case of Canda vs. Michigan Malleable Iron Co., 124 F 486; 6l C. C. A. 194. (6th Cir.) that a patent is not void for anticipation because of prior publications or patents describing or claiming devices which mi gilt, in the light of the patented devioe, be so constructed as to be capable of the same use as described and contemplated for the patented device, where such prior descriptions give no hint of such use or ohange. j! In the case cf Forsyth vs. Garlook, 142 3? 46l, 462 (1st Cir., 1906), it was decided that the adaptation of a sheet material made up of a metal sheet alternating j with one or more rubber sheets, to the use of a gasket for steam packing, may involve invention notwithstanding the use of substantially the 3ame composite sheet intended for I other purposes. i! Respectfully submitted, j THOMAS A. EDISON By //V . His Attorney Orange, New Jersey August fS 1908. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C.. Thomas A. Edison, ' o/o Frank I>. Dyer, Orange , N.J. Ootobery’l J Please find, below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, Serial No, 299,484, filed February 5 , 1906, for Feeding ' Apparatus for Oement Kilns. Case re-examined on amendment filed August 14, The following new references are olted: 'he fpll< Dlai ^ , Clark, 742,691, Oot. 27, 1903 (193-So.X) t/Churoh, 304,616, Sept. 2, 1884 (ib) /^Skinner, 476,618, May 24, 1892 (ib) /XjOarey, et al. 409,660, Aug. 20, 1889 (ib) yP Shiner, 844,623, Feb. 19, 1907 (ib). Claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 are directly met in Clark and are rejected thereon, neither is it seen that they present patentable distinctions over Church, Claim 5 is rejected on Clark, in view of Carey, et al. ClataB 7 and 8 are rejected on Clark, oaiBidered Jointly with Churoh. Note also the gear oonneotion between the two oonwjyors shown by Skinner. in THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Thomas A. Edison FEEDING APPARATUS FOR CEMENT KILNS Filed February 5, 1906 Serial No. 299,484 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, Room Ho. 232- In response to Office action of October 12, 1908, please amend the above entitled oaBe as follows: \/ Cancel Claims 1 and 2 and substitute the follow¬ ing aB Claim 1: i. A feeding mechanism for rotary cement kilns comprising a Bingle hopper for receiving the total supply of material to be fed to the kiln, a coarse pitch feed screw adjacent the same and communicating with the in¬ terior of the kiln, and a conveyor much finer in pitch than said coarse pitoh feed screw and substantially para¬ llel thereto between said hopper and coarse pitoh feed screw for feeding a uniform load of material from the former to the latter and normally blocking the flow of material from the hopper to the ooarse pitoh feed screw, substantially as Bei; forth. ^ Claim 4, line 4, insert - all - after "supplying" Line 5, oanoel "to" before "said" and substitute - by - . (1) ^ Same line, insert - to the latter - after "screw". v Renumber Claims 3 and. 4 as 2 and 3* / Cancel Claim 5* / Claim 6, line 3, insert - all the - after "sup¬ plying". Same line, insert - needed for the kiln - after "material". Same line, cancel "same" and sub¬ stitute - said screw - . Renumber this claim as 4. Z' Claim 8, line 7, after "screws" insert - at such speeds that - . Line 8, ceuicel "being" and sub¬ stitute - will be - . Z" Renumber ClaimB 7 and 8 as 5 and 6. R E ii A R K 3 Hone of the references disoloseB the idea of an auxiliary conveyor of very fine pitch supplying uni¬ form loads of material to the main conveyor of coarse pitch, the latter delivering the material to the kiln. This is thought to be the gist of applicant's invention, namely, interposing between the hopper and the main con¬ veyor a screw of such fine pitch that the flow of cement I material past the convolutions of the screw on account of the pressure of the material in the hopper will be prevented. In the patent to Clark and the other refer¬ ences, the two conveyor screws seem to be of the same pitch. In none of these references 1b the function of the auxiliary conveyor the same as that of applicant, and none of them allude to any advantage in forming the auxil¬ iary conveyor with a pitch sufficiently fine to block the flow of material past the same. ThiB is a patentable distinction over the references and is not a mere differ- (2) ence in degree, since a new function is attained thereby. The auxiliary conveyor of Clark is intended merely for conveying a certain component of the material to the main conveyor for mixing the same there with the main supply of mat o rial which is fed directly to the main conveyor. The patent to Church and the other references newly cited by the Examiner would seem to be even less pertinent than the patent to Clark. it should be further noted that none of the references discloses the idea of furnishing means for rotating the main sorew at such a rate aB to compensate for the Iobs of feeding capacity of said screw due to its looseness of fit. Some of the references oertainly show gear connections between the two screws, but the desirabil¬ ity of the function brought out by applicant's construc¬ tion is not alluded to, and Bince a novel and useful function is attained by properly proportioning the gears, it would seem that the provision of means adapted to rotate the conveyor at such a proportionate speed iB pat¬ entable. Reconsideration and allowance of all the claims are requested. Respectfully submitted. THOMAS A. EDISON _ His Attorney. Orange, New Jersey October 8, 1909. „ 232 Si-Spe S3in^K»>n(«liou!iI DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C., ITOT, Thomas A, 3Tdinon, c/o Prank L, Dyer, Mi son laboratory. Orangik IT, J. f Please find, below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of you- "~ ’ 3'ocding Apparatus for Commistioner of Patents. Case re-examined on amendment filed Oct. 9, 19o9. T}’.o claims, I in number, are rejected on the references of record. An to the Clark construction the lower hopper my be omitted altogether} or leaving At as it is, there is no necessity of feeding through it. In either oase all the material would then cone from the upper hopper. The loosely fitting screws are plainly shown in the Clark reference or by Church. IN THU TOUTED STATES PATENT OPPICE, THOMAS A. EDISON PEERING APPAHATUS POR CEMENT KILNS. Piled Pebruory 5, 1906, Sorial No. 299,484 ) ) ) Room No. 232 ) ) HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS , SIR: In response to Office action of November 22, 1909, please amend the abovo entitled case as follows: Cancel the claims no w in the case and substitute in place thereof tho folloy/in^ claims; ^ CA mechanism for feeding fine material into ement kiln^. comprising a tube having an open end communi¬ cating v/ith tlie kiln, a hopper having a passage communi¬ cating with sard tube, an auxiliary fine pitch food screw for uniformly removing material from said hopper, and a main coarse pitch feed screw mounted in said tube sub¬ stantially parallelXwith said auxiliary sorew and receiving | material delivered thereby, the said tube being closed throughout except at said open end and at said passage, substantially as described. 2. A mechanism Vor feeding fine material into cement kilns comprising a tube having an open end communi- iil t ,. . . . "■ oating with the kiln, a hopper having a passage communi¬ cating with said tube, an auxiliary fine pitch feed screw for uniformly removing material from said hopper, a main coarse pitch feed screw mounted in said tube substantially parallel with said auxiliary screw and receiving material delivered thereby, said coarse pitoh feed screv/ having no bearingW the end of the tube communicating v/ith the kiln, and the said tube being dosed throughout except at said opon end and at said passage, substantially as described. , v,. 3, A mechanism for feeding fine material into cement kilns comprising a tube having an opon end communicating with the kiln, a hopper having a passage communicating with said tube, moans for removing material from said hopper at a uniform rate but not under pressure, and a main coarse pAtch feed sorew mounted in said tube so as to receive the material delivered by said moans and to deliver the same to the\kiln at a rate no less than tho first mentioned rate, the said tube being closed throughout except at said open end and at said passage, substantially as described. \ 4. A mechanism for feeding fine material into oement kilns comprising a tube having an open end communi¬ cating with the kilm a hopper having a passage communi¬ cating v/ith said tube\, an auxiliary screv/ for removing material from said houper at a uniform rate but not under pressure and a main coarse pitch feed screw mounted in Baid tube so as to receive the material delivered by said auxiliary screv/ and to deliver the same to the kiln at a rate no less than the first mentioned rate, the said tube being closed throughout except at said open end and at Bald passge, 'substantially as described. 5. A rae.chanism for feeding fine material into cement kilns comprising a tube having an open end communi¬ cating v/ith the \kiln , a hopper having a passage communi¬ cating with said\ tube, an auxiliary screw for removing material from said hopper at a uniform rate and a main coarse pitch feed screw loosely mounted in said tube ‘•substantially parallel v/ith said auxiliary screw^and receiving material delivered by said fine pitch screw, a driving shaft,) and'Voaring between the driving shaft and the two feed screws) for rotating the food screws at such a speed that the speed of the main screw will be slightly greater proportionatelyYfco the amount of material to be fed than that of the auxiliary screw, the said tube being closed throughout except at saidAopen end and at said passage, substantially as described^. R E 1C A R K S . The old claims have been canceled without prejudice to the right to again insert them; and new claimB, which it is thought define the invention more clearly, have been inserted in place thereof. Claims 1, 2 and 5 include a main feed tier ew, an auxiliary feed screw parallel therewith and adapted to feed material uniformly to said main screw, and a tube in which said main screw is mounted, the said tube being open only at the place where the material enters from the auxili¬ ary screw and where it leaves said tube. Hone of the references disclose these combined features. The devices shown in the patents to Clark and Church not only do not 1131 have this combined structure hut are designed for a use very different from that of the applicant's device. The latter contains an auxiliary screw for uniformly feeding all of the material to he conveyed to a main screw; the former devices have auxiliary screws for supplying only one of a number of substances to be mixed. The form of feeding device shown by the applicant, as fully set forth in pages 1 and 2 of the specification, has docidod advan¬ tages over previous devicos of the kind; and as tho claims differentiate structurally from the references, it is sub¬ mitted that they should be allowed. Attention is again directed to the case of Canada vs. Michigan Malleable Iron Co., 124 F. 486; 61 C. C. A. 194 (6th circ.) in which it was held that a patent is not void for anticipation because of prior publications or patents describing of claiming devicos which might, in the light of the patented device, bo so constructed as to be capable of tho samo use as described and contemplated for the patented device, where such prior descriptions give no hint of such use or change. Claims 2 sued 3 define a type of tube for support¬ ing the main feed screw which i3 not shown by Clark and Church and differentiate from Bussells by defining a -co-operation of the feed screws not disclosed hy the latter. Bussells device contemplates the forcing of the material into the cylinder under pressure; and, if this structure were used for applicant's purpose, tho very con¬ dition v/hioh tho api>licant has designed his structure to remedy would bo aggravated,, namely, the finely pulverized chalk would be forced down into the cylinder A under a pressure even greater than that which would he given it H4" ■by tho v.' eight of tho material above it in the hopper, if there wore no force food in tho hopper L. 'fhia prooBure would force tho tutorial pant the convolutions of the coarse pitch screw and an irregular feed would result. Respectfully submitted, THOMAS A. -EDISON By 7. X. Orange, New Jersey, His Attorney. November /tlos. j! of the sorew conveyors B, H and M. In Bxissells, the s.orew conveyor A has a muoh greater oapaoity than either of the other oonveyors, as iB evidenced by the statement in lines 15, et seq. , page 2 of Bussells-' specif ioation in whioh. it is stated that the fish or other material that is to be oooked will ordinarily not quite half fill the oylinder, but will extend along the bottom. Neither Churoh nor any of the other references of record discloses that feature of applicant's invention which is set forth in Claim 4 relating to the means for driving the sorews in", such a manner that the loss in feed¬ ing oapaoity due to the looseness of fit between the main feed sorew and its containing tube is compensated for. i As has been pointed out in previous arguments, the purpose of applicant's invention is entirely different from anything disolosed in the prior art, and it is believed that the claims in their present form differentiate from the patents of record to a sufficient extent to render them Jl patentable. I Reconsideration and allowance are requested, i; Respeotfully submitted, I Orange, New Jersey January 3rd, 1912. THOMAS A. EDISON By v His Attorney j cfb- o~-/«i <£[ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON T?eb. «, 1912. Thomas A. Edison, 0/o Erank L. Dyer, \ Edison laboratory, Orange, H/J. _/ Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. Serial No. 299, 484, Cement KilnB. filed Eeb. 5, 1916, for Needing Apparatus for Commissioner of Patents. Case re-exarainad as amended Jan. 4 , 1912. The 4 claims are rojeotod on Ohuroh of record. B and the spaoe above M constitute the hopper. M is the fine pitch conveyor, and 1 the main ooarse pitch conveyor. By means of the belts and cone pulleys shown, it is perfectly clear that the mtlo of the speeds of I and M can be .so adjusted that the two have the same oapacity, As to putting the thing on wheels, that is no substantial distinction. "Merely putting rollers under an article to make it movable, when without the rollers it would not be mov¬ able, does not involve patentable invention": Hendy v. Iron Works, 43, 0.0.117. As the claims do not differ substantially from those oanoelled, the rejection is made final. The Edison Portland Cement Co. Tclcp.pl>, Freight ..<1 Paiiengcr Sl.tion, NEW VILLAGE, N.J. P.o. address. STEWARTSVILLE, N.J. Jan. 30, 1913. ms Legal Department, Thomas A. Edison, Ino., Orange, N.J. Attention Mr. Henry lanahan. Dear Sir:- Your letter of January 23rd, in regard to Mr. Edison's application. Serial Ho. 299,484, has been referred to the writer. In reply would advise that we have abandoned this type of feed for the kilns, for it is not sufficiently accurate, although a large improvement on former types, and I do not think we would be warranted in spending much money in prosecuting the application of the patent. Yours very truly, THE EDI SOU PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY, Superintendent. P.S. 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WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: BE IT KNOWN, that I, THOMS ALVA EDISON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and State of New Jersey,, have invented a certain new and useful PROCESS OP ELEC¬ TROPLATING, of which the following is a description :- In carrying on experimental and commercial operations in connection with electroplating, I find that the occlusion of hydrogen tends to make the deposit somewhat brittle, and more or. less, porous, and tha't hy¬ drogen gas clings to the surfaces of the deposited- metal in the form of very fine bubbles, thereby making the surfaces more or less warty and rough. The presence of occluded hydrogen, as well as of . the hydrogen bubbles referred to, prevents the deposition at a high rate, and also results in streaky and uneven deposits. My object is to provide an improved process of electroplating, where¬ by I ve ry largely eliminate the occlusion of hydrogen, . as well as the formation of hydrogen bubbles on the de¬ posited surfaces, and in consequence I am enabled to ' carry on a plating .operation at a much higher rate than is now .possible, and at the same time, with** production of a better quality of deposit, less bri-ttle in charac¬ ter, practically free of pores^and with a smooth and uni¬ form surface. The invention resides in the fact that ~ by maintaining-in the' plating bath" a~ small’ quant ity~6f free chlorine, the latter will combine with any hydrogen set free by' the electrolytic action, or otherwise, there¬ by preventing'' the formation of metallic hydrates as well as the occlusion of the gas, and eliminating also the ' appearance of microscopic bubbles thereof, which cling to the deposited surfaces with the objections pointed out. When free chlorine is thus present in the bath, it combine's with any hydrogen generated therein to form hy¬ drochloric acid, although it' is possible . that other favor¬ able reactions may be brought about by the presence of free chlorine. The chlorine may be added to the plating bath in any suitable way, such, for example, as by passing the ga.s continuously, or at suitable intervals, through the bath; by adding to the bath, water saturated with chlorine, or by adding from time to time fresh quantities of the electrolyte saturated with clilo£ine_^ Por instance, if copper is to be plated from a solution of sulphate of copper, the chlorine can be added by chlorinating a suitable quantity of the solution, which can be added from time to. time in small amounts to the solution as the chlo¬ rine becomes exhausted. In practice the solution should have a slightly acid reaction. I find that the effect of the chlorine thus introduced into the bath lasts for several hours, when a fresh quantity must be added. ^ Prac¬ tically all of the chlorine is utilized in' conb ining with"” the hydrogen developed, there being very little loss of - ...chlorine by .its combination ..with either the. anode _or _ cathode. Pree bromine may also be employed, but with re¬ sults that are far inferior to those secured when chlorine 1. The process of electroplating, which consists in chemically depositing a metal on a suitable cathode and in electroplating a metal on the deposit so formed, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. 2. A process of electroplating, which' co exists in chemically depositing a metal on a suitable cathode, and in electrolytically depositing the Same metal on the deposit so formed, substantially as and for the purposes . set forth. 3. The process of electroplating, which consists in electroplating a thin metallic film on a suitable cathode, in chemically converting said film into a de- - -posit of another metal, and in electroplating ametal' on - .the chemically deposited film so formed, substantially as set forth. . _ 4. The process of electroplating, which consists " - in electrolytically depositing a metallic film on a suit¬ able cathode, in immersing the cathode with its deposit . in a solut ion of a metallic salt, capable of reduction by the electrolytically deposited metal, whereby the latter will be dissolved and replaced by metal chemically de¬ posited from said solution, and in finally electroplating ' ~ on the' chemical deposit so secured, substantially’ as set — f b rth .- — - ' . - - - - : - - — - : - - 5. The process of electroplating, \vhich consists : in'r|le‘ctr'opiming'oh_'a~SuitabIe'~c¥tKede~a’fi:lliri)f^ ’TTnetal ; — capable-of—r-educing-copper-f-rom-a-so-l-ut-ion-- thereof— then — : - — -4- in immersing the cathode with its deposit in a solution of copper, whereby the electro-deposited metal will be . dissolved and replaced by a chemical deposit of copper, and finally in electroplating upon the chemically deposit¬ ed film of copper, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. - 6. The process of electroplating, which consists in electroplating on a suitable cathode a film of a metal capable of reducing copper from the sulphate there¬ of, then in immersing the cathode with its deposited metal in a solution of sulphate of bopper, whereby the . electro-deposited metal will be dissolved and replaced by a film of chemically deposited copper, and finally in electroplating upon the copper deposit so secured, substantially as set forth. 7. The process of electroplating, which consists in depositing a film of cobalt on a suitable cathode, then in immersing the cathode with the deposited film thereon the inaa copper solution, whereby cobalt will be dissolved. and replaced by a chemical deposit of metallic copper, arid finally in electroplating upon the chemically deposited copper film,, substantially as and. for the purposes set. ... forth. • 8. The process of- electroplating, which consists— .in. electroplating, .a.film. of ..cobalt on. a suitable cathode, then in immersing the cathode with its deposited film _ in a solution of sulphate of copper, whereby the cobalt will t>e dissolved, and replaced by a chemical: deposit _ of metallic copper, and finally in electroplating on the chemically deposited copper film, substantially as and for the purposes set' forth. Honorable commies loner of Patehte, Washington, a. c. Sir: Enclosed 1 hand you herewith, two specifications in Ihe name of Thomas A. Edison, one for a PROCESS OS’ ELECTROPLATING and another for a PROCESS OP ELEC T ROPLA TI NR , (no drawings), together with a check for thirty dollars ($30.) in payment for the first government fees. Kindly acknowledge receipt. Very respectfully, Enclosure petition Zo tbe Commissioner of patents : H>our petitioner i h o h g aiva sbisos » a citi3en of the Ulniteb States, resibing ant) having a post Office abbress at Llewellyn Par’s, Orange, County of Essex and State of New Jersey prap that letters patent mav be granted to him for tbe improvements in o? •sTjsoaiopLA'eiHo, set forth in tbe annexeb specification ; ant> be hereby appoints ffranfi X. 2>?er (•Registration Ulo. 560), of fibison laboratory ©range, flew 3ersey bis attorney, with full power of substitution anb revocation, to prosecute this application, to mahe alterations anb ainenbments therein, to receive tbe patent, anb to transact all business in tbe patent Office connecteb therewith. -SPEC I ? I 0 A I I 0 H* TO AH. V/HOM IT MAY CONCERN: Be it known, that I, THOMAS ALVA EDISON, a citizen of the United StateB, residing at Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful improvement in PROCESS OF ELECTROPLATING, of which the following iB a description:- My invention relates to m improved process of eleotroplating, and my object is to provide a process for the purpose in which the deposit will be very uni¬ form, perfect, coherent, and non-porous, and at the same time can be cleanly and freely removed from the cathode on which it takes place. By Improved process is sus¬ ceptible of convenient use in any connection where it is important that a very perfect deposit should be made and then stripped cleanly from the cathode, but I have devised and successfully utilized the same in connection with the manufacture of metallic flake3 for use with my improved storage batteries. Broadly 3tated, the inven¬ tion consists in forming on a suitable cathode, an ex¬ ceedingly thin film of a chemically deposited metal, and in then plating electrolytically thereon the metal desired, the presence of the film of chemically deposit¬ ed metal between the cathode and the electrodeposlted metal permitting the ready and clean detaohment of the latter, slnoe the former has no tendency to adhere -1- tenaciously to the cathode, as is the case with an eleotrodeposited metal. Preferably, the chemically deposited film is the same metal as that which is oleo- trolytically deposited thereon. The formation of the chemically deposited metallio film can be effected in any suitable way, but it is preferably seoured by first electroplating on the cathode a suitable metal, such as cobalt, which reduces another metal such as copper, I from a salt thereof, by immersion. The following is j an example of a convenient manner of carrying the process! into effect, assuming that a deposit of copper is to be made eleotrolytioally, I mate use of a suitable cathode, either in the form of a plate or drum, having a surfaoe which will not be affected by the solution employed. In the spe- I o if io example to be described, dealing with cobalt and copper solutions, this cathode may be formed of nickel, or be provided with a nickel surfaoe. The surfaoe on which the deposit takes place should be as smooth as possible. Upon this oathode I now plate eleotrolytioal¬ ly, in the usual way, an extremely thin film ofcobalt This deposit need not be greater than one one-hundred- thousandth of an inch in thickness. The oathode is now washed with water and is then immersed in a solution of sulphate of ooppor for several seconds, whereby the is cobalt^ dissolved and is replaced by metallio copper. This copper deposit thus secured is very bright, uniform and coherent. The oathode is again washed, and a coating of copper of the desired thickness is deposited thereon eleotrolytioally, in the usual way. When the deposit takes place on a oathode in the form of a drum, as is preferable, it may be removed by cutting the sheet -2- longitudinally, ai'tor v/hioh it may be readily stripped off. In this Tray I am enabled to fora not only sheets, but other articles of various shapes elect rolytically, which may be readily detached from the cathodes. V/hon the process is used for the production of cobalt films, as I describe , for example, in my application for Letters Patent filed December 5th, 1905, Serial ho. 290,336, after the eleotrolytically deposited film of cobalt has been formed, the latter is washed and the cathode immers¬ ed in a bath containing a suitable cobalt solution with oobalt anodes and a film of cobalt of the desired thick¬ ness plated thereon. After washing, the cathode with the deposited films, is introduced again in the copper bath, and plated with a copper film, the connection being made immediately with the current to prevent any material re¬ duction of the copper by the deposit of cobalt. These operations are continued, alt enacting films of copper ana cobalt boing formed until a sheet of the desired thickness is obtained, which is then cut longitudinally and removed from the drum. Such a sheet may be then cut up into pieces of desired size and subjected to a suit¬ able treatment by whioh the coppor will be dissolved, leaving the flakes of oobalt intact, as I describe in said application. Instead of using oobalt as the metal for the reduction of oopper from its salt, other metals might be used, suoh as zinc or iron. I find, however, that when zinc is used, it reduces tho copper so rapidly that the deposit is blaok and porous, and hence objectionable when highly homogeneous, coherent and uniform articles are to bo produoed. When iron is used, the chemical de¬ posit of oopper is bright, but it is more or Iobs porous and Irregular, and therefore also objectionable . Cobalt is in every way the most desirable metal for the purpoBe that I have discovered, since by its use the deposit of copper is perfectly smooth, uniform and coherent. In performing the preliminary electroplating process, as well as in plating the desired deposit on the chemically formed film, I preferably maintain free chlorine in the cobalt and copper solutions, as I am thereby enabled to secure a more rapid and uniform deposit, as I describe in '•Vo *Vot, -f % \ my application for letters Patent^ filed on even date herewith. 5j| in electroplating^ a metal^i c substantially as^id for the purposes set forth. ^2. .^process of electroplating, which consists ^J\ in chemioalljNdepositing a metal on a suitable cathode, | Having now described my invention, what I claim as now and desire to secure by Letters Patent is as follows:- ^1. $he process of electroplating, which consists in chemically\depoaiting a metal on a suitable cathode If ' fi ).«cXn .i.'cnrfyyif /if. -f/U the deposit So formed, /v sfed in elect V deposit so lormf^Q substantially aB and for the 'tioally depositing the same metal on the 1 ' . -fA. purposes L^i'a'cu. . 3 w &e process of eleotroplating, which consists in eleotroplating a thin metallic film on a suitable cathode, in chemically converting said film into a de¬ posit of anotheAmetal, and in electroplating a metal t the ohemioally deposited film so formed, substantially as set forth. ^64. The prooess of electroplating, which consists in eleotrolytioall^ depositing a metallic filn^ on a suit- Vbls catliodo, in immersing the cathode with its deposit iii a solution of a metallic salt, capable of reduction by\tha elecjrrolytically deposited metal, whereby the lat¬ ter will bo dissolved and replaced by inotal chemically deposited from said solution, and In finally electroplat¬ ing on\the chemical deposit so secured, substantially as aet forth. ^7 S. \,The process of electroplating, whioh consists in electroplating on a suitable cathode a film of a metal capable of reducing copper from a solution thereof, then in Immersing \he cathode with its deposit in a solution of copper, whorVby the elootrodeposited metal will be dissolved and replaced by a chemical, deposit of coppor, and finally, in olbctr opiating upon the chemically de¬ posited film of copper, substantially as set forth. ^^6. She process; of electroplating, v/hioh consists in electroplating on aWltablo cathode a film of a metal capable of reducing copper from the sulphate there¬ of, then in immersing theXcatliode with its deposited metal in a solution of sulphate of copper, whereby the eleotrodeposited metal will ^be dissolved and replaced by a film of chemically deposited copper, and finally, in electroplating upon the copper 'deposit so secured, sub¬ stantially as and for the purpodtes set forth, ^\' l . The process of electroplating, vdiich consists in depositing a film of cobalt on a\suitable cathode, then in immersing tho oathode with the deposited film thereon, in a copper solution, whereby the cobalt will be dissolved and replaced by a chemical deposit of metallic copper, and finally in electroplating upon the chemically deposit¬ ed copper film, substantially as set fortW. -5- /0,^8,. *Che process of electroplating, which consists in electroplot^ng a film of cobalt on a suitable cathode then in imrner:ilng\the cathode with its deposited film in a solution of sulphate of coppor, whereby the cobalt will be dissolved and replaced by a chemioal deposit of metallic copper, and finally, in electroplating on tho chemically deposited copppr film, substantially as and for tho purposes set forki^. of Gbfs specification signeb anb witnesseb tbis /■ 7 bag of &> Mltnesses : 1. (/iltUts /( f/l ('A\~C/y4A/^ ©atb. State of 1Rew 3erse? Count? of JBssei 1 00., THoma aiva Edison , tbe above tinmeb petitionee, being but? sworn, beposes anb sa?s tbat be is a citi3en of tbe Uluiteb States, anb a resibent Of Llewellyn Park, Orange, .County of Esoex and State of New Jersey, tbat be veril? believes himself to be tbe original, first anb sole Inventor of tbe improvements in pbocmsm oy EiffvOraomEttw, bescribeb anb claimeb in tbe annereb specification; tbat be boes not ftnow anb boes not believe tbat tbe same was ever ftnown or useb before bis invention or biscover? thereof; or patentebor bescribeb in an? printeb publication in tbe Wniteb States of Hnterica or an? foreign countr? before bis invention or biscover? thereof, or more than two pears prior to tbis application ; or patenteb in an? countr? foreign to tbe IHniteb States on an application fileb more than twelve months prior to tbis application ; or in public use or on sale in tbe Ulniteb States for more tban two pears prior to tbis application ; anb tbat no application for patent upon saib invention has been fileb b? bim or bis legal representatives or assigns in an? foreign countr?. Sworn to anb subscribeb before me tbis , 5a? Of (0 Hotar^public. y?n department of the interior. United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C., \— Thomas A. Mis on, 1906 - % C/o Frank In DiV0I.f Orange, IT. ,T. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, 2er. 3To« 306,762, filed March 19, 1906:- "Proceos of Electroplating. " Pago 1, line 14, the words "very perfect" should bo revised. The serial number, 306,761, should be supplied m line 11 of pago 4 . Claim 1 is rejected upon each of: '68i,77'5, Tfay '605,576, Pop, Ho, 446,590, Feb. 17, 1097, Oohw&be, 1903, 6charling," 1091, "gragge n, " Hath, :fultiple, Clalxa 2 is rejected upon Hoharling. The remaining claims appear to be allowable. I I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. Thomas A. Edison ) PROCESS OP ELECTROPLATING) Piled March 19, 1906 j Serial No. 306,782 ) Room No. 175 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS, S I R : — Replying to Offioe action of May 5th, 1906, ploase amend the above entitled case as follows: Cancel "and" the first word in line 3 of claim 1} at the end of the same line insert - and mechanically removing the said deposits from the cathode -. Claim 2, line 3, cancel "and"} lino 4, after "formed" insert - and mechanically removing the said deposits from the cathode -. Insert as claims 3 and 4 the following: 3. The process of electroplating which consists in replacing the metal at the surfaoe of a suitable metallio cathode with another metal by treating the cathode with a solution of a salt of the said metal and in electroplating a metal on the deposit so formed, substantial ly aB set forth. 4. The process of electroplating which oonsists in replaoing the metal at the surface of a suitable metallis cathode with another metal by treating it with a salt of the said sedond metal and in further eleotrolytically 1. depositing the said second metal upon the deposit so formed, substantially as set forth. Renumber claims 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 aa 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. REMARKS Claims 1 and 3, while not thought to have been anticipated by the references, for the reason that a glass dish oannot properly be termed a cathode, har e been amended to more clearly bring out the inventibn. Claims 3 and 4 herein presented appear to be patent able over the cited art. An allowance is reauested. THOMAS A. EDISON By dsdMk /£*-- ■ u , / His Attorney. Orange, New Jersey April 1907. Washington, D. C.» n fj >'■' ' DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, ,A’7’ >' United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C., Thomas A. Edison, C/o Frank L. Dyer, Orange, Hew Jersey, Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application , 306,782, -filed Mar. 19, 1906, for Process of Electroplant, ins. (*o. . _ Commissioner of Patents . Replying to amendment of Apl. 10,1907. The serial number 306,781, should be inserted in lino 10, page 4. Claims ?> and 4 are rejected upon — \/82,S2fi, Sep. 29 1868, .Tacobl, Aqueous Bat&, and 681,7V5,May 4, 1897, Schwabs, 11 11 Multiple. The remaining claims appear to be ready for allowance. Examiner, ])i V/ 3. UNITED STATES PATENT OEFICE, THOMAS A. EDISON, Process of Electroplating, ) : Room No. 175. Piled Haroh 19, 1906, ) Serial Ho. 306,782. HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS, SIR:- Applicant lias just discovered that his application filed January 19th, 1907, Serial No. 353,061 for Process of Making Metallic Pilms or Plakes is practically identical with the present case. The error, no doubt, arose beoause of the large number of cases which had been filed relating generally to this subject. Appli¬ cant finds that all the claims of the present case are capable of being made in the second application, and sinoe the specification of the second application is more full than that of the present case, those claims of the present oase which have been allowed will be inserted in the second application, and this has been done today. In ordor that there may not be two applications pending at the same time with the same claims, applicant therefore amends the present case by erasing claims 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Claims 3 and 4 have not been erased beoause they stand tinder rejec¬ tion. When the patent on the second oase issues, the pre¬ sent case will be abandoned if the Examiner wishes to have that done. Orange, Hew Jersey July 3d, 1907. Very respeotfully, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, R.A.J. United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C., AUC. 3, 1907. Thomas A. Edison, c/o Prank L. Dyer, Orange, H . J . Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, 306,782/ filed liar. 19, 1906:-' Process of Electroplating. Replying to amendment filed July 5, 1907: - Claims 1 and 2 remain under rejection on the references cited thereto. Examiner, Division 3, Folio No _ J#i4 Serial No. .MOU - SPEC IFIC AT ION- TO ■ AIL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN : HE IT KNOWN, that I, THOMAS A. EDISON, a citizen of the United States, -awd residing at Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful improvements in the MANUFACTURE OP PORTLAND CEMENT, of which the following is a description:- My invention relates to an improved process for man¬ ufacturing Portland Cement and my object is the production of a process for the purpose which can be economically and effectively practiced. in localities where the conditions as to raw material are unfavorable for working by present methods. In general, the invention consists in manufac¬ turing artificially a cement making material similar in f its chemical and physical properties to the best natural cement rock^as found, for example in east ern Pennsylvania and north-western New Jersey; said material being subse¬ quently admixed with a proper proportion of limestone, and( after grinding (being burned in a cement kiln, as in modern • cement-making processes. Broadly speaking, , the. invention consists in forming a cement Baking material or natural . cement rock, (adapted to be intimately mixed with the proper ' proportion of limestone to result, after calcination, in the production of Portland cement) by slagging or fusing the correct proportions of silicious material, iuch as quartz, with" a~ sufficiently low percentage of ' limestone, a* injthe -presence of alumina (for instance clay)and ironV -L-turn, ' in^Kr a very fluid slag in a suitable water-jacketed fur¬ nace for the puipose,,the fluid slag being tapped off at the bottom of the furnace and being finely sub-divided or disintegrated, for instance, by a powerful jet of com- . pressed air or steam, or by centrifugal force. I fii^d that it is possible to artlfically make cement rock in this way 'TL. at a sufficiently low temperature to enable -4eo process to be carried on in an economical^and on an entirely practi¬ cal scale, so that when the material is intimately added to finely powdered limestone and burned in a rotary kiln or otherwise, Portland cement of excellent quality can be secured. While it would be possible to intimately mix proper proportions of raw materials (silica, alumina, iron and lime) as to result in Portland cement after burning in a rotary kiln, the expense of fine grinding the sili- cious ingredients, such as quartz, would more than offset — the ®«ise of the slagging operation which is therefore pre¬ ferred. 1 am of course aware that heretofore -it has boen '-prepoaed-to-a-ak-e Portland cement from slag obtained in the operation of blast furnaces, but with these latter process¬ es, the slag is seldom suitable for the purpose and general¬ ly contains_sulphur or other objectionable impurities, and even when the slag is^ capable of use for $&e purpose1^' the resulting cement is very irregular 'in quality. — Oly<\gfld^t:t^a^hyd?sm^dc=^a:opert-loo-? With my improved pro¬ cess, the slag, instead of being .an irregular and uncer¬ tain byproduct, is the direot product of the operation - -2- and hence the ingredients can he always selected so as to result in a perfect material free from objectionable impurities. The important consideration in the process is the use of a sufficiently low percentage of lime aB to enable the slagging operation to be cerried on at an economical temperature, while at the same time the re¬ sulting slag, can be made extremely liquid and non-viB^id, and hence can be readily blown or disintegrated into a fine powder. If it were attempted to add a sufficient amount of lime in the first instance to make Portland ce¬ ment, the temperature required for its fusion would be far too high to enable the operations to be carried on with any degree of commercial economy. In order that the invention may be better understood, attention is directed to the ac¬ companying drawing, forming part of this specification, and in which - Pigure 1, is a diagrammatic view of a water- jacket¬ ed furnace and settling chamber, illustrating the disinte¬ gration of the fluid slag by a blast of compressed air or steam, and Pigure 2, a similar view illustrating the disin¬ tegration of the fluid slag by centrifugal force . Similar parts are represented by the same numerals of reference. In carrying the invention into effect, I introduce into the furnace 1, successive charges of cement making ma¬ terial, to which &*>e added coal or coke in the' proper ~7" amount to" effect the' fusion. Quartz may be employed as the source of silica, and-clay as the source of alumina. A small percentage of oxide of iron is also er a water jacket 2, by which its walls will he kept at a comparatively low temperature, so as to cause an accumula¬ tion of slag to collect on the interior and thereby ef¬ fectively prevent the same from burning out. As the ma¬ terial fuses the very liquid slag is tapped off through a valved pipe 3. The liquid, as it falls may be subjected to the effect of a powerful blast of compressed air or steam from :a pipe 4, by Y/hich the liquid will be finely sub-divided and blown into a large settling chamber 5, so as to deposit therein as a fine pov/der. Instead of sub¬ dividing the liquid slag by a jet, as explained, it may be allowed to fall on a rapidly rotating wheel 6, by vdiich — it will be thrown off by centrifugal force . into the sett- _ ling chamber 5, and fjnely_sub-divided in _this_ way. ^The _ .flaogp . timately admixed with 'the proper proportion of powdered limestone to bring the lime contents up to the desired formula for Portland cement and the chalk-'thus secured is then clinkered in a suitable rotary cement kiln, or" other¬ wise. If desired, the material collected in the 'settling chamber, if not sufficiently fine and uniform, may be first ground and properly sized by screening or blowing ? after which it may be then mixed with the powdered lime¬ stone. Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is as follows: 1, The process of making artificial cement .1 rockj adapted for use in the manufacture of Portland ce¬ ment, which consists in fusing the proper proportions of ingredients to a wry fluid slag, retiring only the ad¬ dition of limestone and calcination for the production of Portland cement, substantially as Bet forth. 2, The process of making an artificial cement rock adapted for use in the manufacture of Portland ce¬ ment, which consists in combining with silicious and alum¬ inous materials sufficient lime to permit a very fluid slag to be obtained, and in then fusing such mate rials- for the production of such slag, substantially as set forth. 3, The process of making an artificial cement rock adapted for use in the manufacture of Portland cement which consists in combining with silicious and aluminous - materials sufficient lime to permit a very fluid slag to be obtained, sout in then fusing such materials for the production of such slag, and in finally^ reducing the fluid slag to a finely pulverulent condition, substantial¬ ly as set forth. 4. The process of imking an artificial cement rock adapted for use in the manufacture of Portland ce¬ ment, which consists in combining with silicious and alum¬ inous materials sufficient lime to permit a very fluid slag to be obtained, in then fusing such materials for the production of sich slag, an'd in finally^ subjecting the fluid slag to a blast of compressed air or steam by which it will be disintegrated and reduced to a finely pul¬ verulent condition, substantially as set forth. 5. The process of making an artificial cement rock adapted for use in the manufacture of Portland ce¬ ment, which consists in c ombining With silicious and alum¬ inous materials sufficient lime to permit a wry fluid slag to be obtained, in then fusing such materials for the production of such slag, in reducing the fluid slag to a finely pulverulent condition, in adding to the pulveru¬ lent slag so obtained a sufficient quantity of lime to produce Portland Cement, and in finally burning the mix¬ ture so secured, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. . ... . -6- ■2/ W tiUK ttA .'ftlt ci/lVUL-l Aui fafrch/^h:. 1. The process of _ manufacturing Portland cement ;V_ which consists in fusing jinopar proportions of silicious A. and aluminous materials with only enough limestone to result in the production of a very fluid slag of substan¬ tially fixed proportions, in then.. finely subdividing the . S),A/ ' same, in then adding neeestgy ,1 ime st one to complete the desire1^.' Proportion thereof /and ’in finally calcining the mixtur^/ substantially as set forth, :(x t 'i 2. The process of manufacturing Portland cement, which consists in fusing proper proportions of silicious and aluminous materials with only enough limestone to result in the production of a very fluid slag of substan¬ tially fixed proportions-, in subjecting the fluid slag to a powerful blast, whereby it will be chilled/ and finely subdivided, •oubatmvH.ally aa in then adding g§6f -s^aggfhufr-y1^ limestone to complete the desired^proportion KvV C/Mi thereof, ' and in finally calcining the mixture, subs tan- ■ • yv/> tially as set forth. / . fU- u v £isuc. — IkfU^'l'^ L _4ti . /L* jvv_. fWfflt- The Edison Portland Cement Co. Tcltjr.pl,, Freight and Pauenger Slation, NEW VILLAGE, N.J. p. o. address. STEWARTSVILLE, N. J. riNUDRicfiiiA, PA., Arcade l)u tiding NRW York, N. Y., St. James Building Nkwakk, N. J., Union Handing . . . October 50, 1911. i Henry lanahan , Esq., Edison laboratory, • Orange, N. J. Dear Sir:- On reviewing the enclosed patents and rejection of pending application, it seems to me that the early rejections were based upon a failure in the Patent Off i oe to appreciate the distinction between limestone, lime, or quick lime and hydrated lime. Their later action does not disclose that they make any distinction, hence it appears to me that if you can reopen the entire thing and go back and refute their original claims, it will put us in better shape. To make it clear, will say limestone as it exists in nature is a more or lesB impure carbonate of lime. That is, it consists of lime represented by CaO and carbonic anhydride (carbon dioxide or commonly referred to as carbonic acid) represented by C O2. This material is unacted upon by water exoept to be dissolved very slightly as a carbonate without changing its composition. To convert limestone into lime a distinct process is necessary; that is, it must be heated to a temperature of 1100 deg. 7. to 1900 deg. 7., which dissociates the carbonate into linto (CaO) and carton dioxide (C Og) , which latter goes off as a gao, leaving the lime which ia Tory eneentially different In ita propertioa from limestone. This different must be homo in mind. Hext • Kydrete ef lime ia eaeentially a very different compound than lime, inasmuch as to produce it another diotinot operation la neeeaaory. That ia, wo tmiat add water in a one form to lime (CaO) to produce hydrate of lime, which ie lime and water, or Cao plue HgO, or com* monly written <5a(OH)g. Thle compound again differa in ita properties from lime. With these thoughts in mind we can refer to latent Office action of July 20th, 1008. Their claims here are bated on Bodmer patent. This we ought to txy to diepoee of on the following grenade* Bodmer specifically etatea "lime in ita unsiafcod state , or in the form of hydrate*, etc. Thia neceasitatea one distinct proceaa tel make the lime and another distinct proesee to slake it itl he uses hydrate of lime. Bdieen uses limestone; that ia, carbonate of lime and eliminates both these processes on p< thia point, carbonate of lime added to • slag, or acoYia, .1 aa mentioned by Bodmer, will' not produce a compound having 1 any hydraulic properties other than that possessed by the slag alone, but on the other hand, any aueh properties which it does possess are weakened by the addition of carbonate of lime. there la no similarity between Edison* e use of ) carbonate of Hme and Bodnar* a uee of lime or hydrate ofj lima, and the Patent Offioa suet ha made to understand I thla radloal difference. Va do not contend that Bodman doea not produce a hydraulic cement, hut we do claim that ^ It la in no sen^e a true Portland' oement. Bodmer makes no claim to a true Portland oement, nor can it he read into hie patent unlese the Patent Office wlahea to conetrua hie subsequent vague statements, with or without, eubl acting ^ to heat to mean that it must ha subjected to sufficient heat to aauee it to sinter. There ia nothing in his patent to warxant.lt. There la nothing to ahow that he appreciated \ the fact that certain slaga finely divided and mixed with lime will make an entirely different product than those ! some slags finely divided - mixed with lime - heated to incipient fusion or further and then regrOund. The latter, if of proper composition ia a yrye Portland cement. The former in no sense of the word ia such a compound. The foot that ha claims efficiency with or without hast fixes the limit of his knowledge and claims. Suppose the Patent Office, through some very badly strained interpretation of hie referenoee to heat construes them to cover sufficient heat to fuse finely divided slag and lime, or elaked lime. Then we must fall heck on the claim that Edison uses neither Slaked not unalaked lime and that Edison in using oarbonatc of lime cuts out the preliminary calcining and thosleking. There ere on record decisions o f the court that any invention that cuts out & I distinct step in a proeoae Is patentable. It Bodmer eon* template* a Portland cement, which he certainly did not. It can he proven then hie preliminary calcining and hydrating are useless atepa which Bdleon out out* Passing further to Bodmer** statement that h/ •a certain quantity qf slag or sftotla may ha melted together with such proportions of allioecu* Or atgillaoseue material either with or without calcareous flux, etc. , will say the patent Office may olalm this aa an anticipation. Xt so, it N ^ le promptly mat by the con clue ion of the same sentence, which \ can* for the incorporation of "lima in the manner described", j This latter positively preclude* any possibility of hi* having ' any conception of a true Portland cement m his process. Tha next guess in his vagus process is to ml*, lime or other calcareous material with tha slag as it paness from the fumce , it la a mechanical impossibility to make a homogeneouf mixture of anything with alag .aa it passes from tha furnace. hut granting that aomo wonderful mechanical appliance could he invented it le further ImpOseibhe heoauee the temperature of the formation of that slag ia far below the t superstore at ehich lime would oomhipe with it, and the addition of tbo lisle would still further reduce tha temperature of the slog an that the formation of a -*ry« Portland Is physically an* chand ©ally Impossible. The only thine In his nhole patent that merit e any consideration la the wild gu«e* in the next to the liet paragraph to the effect that "It may he necessary to ta«heet and melt the m*ff* ete. TM» la at vnrianea with hia former claims and la evidently tacit a* on with no tangible Idea in mind and simply to enter all temperature# t*m atmos- pheric temperature to fusibn. If thl® patent i'a held to interfere, then It le equivalent to * dietum that henceforth and forever no prooee* for using niag and eelmreou* material la patentable, since Bodmer cove red it. Fortunately, thla Idea can he upect by the ruling that the curtailment of a proceed by cutting out unneeeeoary atepe jg, patentable ana Fdlaon hy using limeetona cut* out th« oelolnlng and hydrating step a, Vith thaae arguments, X think the Bodnar patent can ha held aa having no hearing on the oats. mi* g xante the method of dial ntog rating the flag is different, hut on re-eppii cation X think you mill find enough, dote- in the foregoing to show that it le radically dlf fersntthrougheut . he eee no roeeon for elting this patent. 8nelus' procees canal at a of tha following operations; lot • Production of a bleat furnaoe aloe. '/ v 2nd * Production Of lino by ealeining limestone or similar notorial. •,/ / 3rd » grinding than together. ^ Ith - tydretlng 1U»« and moulding Into brides. 7 6th - Burning in a furnace. «th i nr grinding. Edison eliminate* operation 2nd. inasmuch •a h« uaaa i&# or teffifptyd line in g££ step of tho procees. Voreorer, in direct contrast ha makea-a speoific slag by tha uee Of liaastona and other suitable materials, Onelua aalcea no mention of any process for asking hia Slog, nor does either 1 he or Bodber appreciate tha ghat that no bleat furnace a lag c sufficiently high in liaa or otbarwioa properly balanced ) to make a two Portland cement. Beither af them disclose the -fact that it i* not commercially profitable to produce in a hlaat turns oe m on* operation any mixture that mould make a true Portland oement. Id* two appreciates this and shewn that j tha temperature required t«* fuse a mixture high though in lint to make a Portland cement it not practical in a blast | furnace and ha therefor* divides hi# ptaotta into two steps: let - 8ai . production in a bleat fUrnaoa. from liatstone, Umg ortadfatw of line)* and other materials a lowHae teeny fUtlhlt ale*, the earlenoent of this gleg in lima by the addition of groun&lieestone and subescuent treatment in a rotary Kiln af ether furnaoe. «he moehaninel dttpe hire are irrelevant at tha chemical and metallurgical step* ire entirely different in tha* Edison uses limestone and 6n«lus uses hydrate or Une, requiring first the production of Um, end secondly the hydration of that Uiqe if the slag 1« not suffioiantly set to hydrate it, kdlson uses no lirte. His slag is never set for the hydration of live, nor does he make torickecf any kind, the objections »y reference to tMo patent should he aithdrawn, ae there is absolutely no similarity to Edison's invention nor la thare in tha patent anything to anticipate Edison* a invention, or suggest it even in the remotest degree. wmwm this patent ie sited merely to offset Edison'* method of dlaintegrating the slag, a* X underetend it. this is not tha basin principle of Edison** invention, hut la only a atep in tha process, henoo the patent can be allowed «ith or without it, preferably with it .a* a ccetbin. ation. Eorral makes no claim to Portland oeaent. t* vakea ae addition to the aUg «f line, hydrated line dor liaeaton*. sa makes no change in ita ultimate ohamleai composition, exoept ae inter from tha steam enters into chemical combination, Ha specifies so composition of slag ^"an* does not enrich that alec In lime byaqy possible oeene, I Xfcare it ae blsatr furnace slag produced that would make « \ true Portland cement lay his process. Ha doss rot mean claim or anttcipata it. *he uec of atcam in dial ntag rat log altg In a Portland cement process iff certainly new. Should they refuse to allow this feature It ie not fatal to the process eince it le a means to an *nd and not a fundamental principle. The citation nf the Hurry & Seaman patent #nfc$ can ha overocme ae foil owe: the patent office fails to distinguish between an artificial *lag or cement making material, ea Edison calls it • Portland cement slag or clliflcor. Harry and Seaman process contemplates introducing | into a bleat furnace dirent all the materials neossear? for 1 Portland cement and after fusing , cool, disintegrate and j grind the product, Thio ie a one etagn process which never wee t ia not and con net be commercially practical. *hey failed to appreciate the foot that materials in the' proper proportion, to make Portland cement fuse at so high a temp* eratura aa to render it altogether impractical to make it a eommeroial proportion. They do not realise the Mossaity of first producing «n easily fusible slag low in lime in a bleat furnace and then enriching in line by subsequent ihrusce treatment with th* addition of either lama or linmetono. They- fall down both on their tnaogr and practice and the process la inoperative. Sdlson appfecUtea ootbthe theory end practice in that he specifies a two furnace process; first to produce a low lime practical slag, and The Patent Office reference Then turn to page 4 and note that he specifically names a combination which ehould j^ault- 8« follOWBS* I Silica I 22$ lima $o$ Oxide of iron ft Alumina 12# Magnesia, . . Assignee. . ASm. . , \2+^c Examiner’s Room No. ■Z/xT' Ass’g’t Exec... 3.jJ£.2&-A*iber..\fl-L].. _ Page _ ij2_ FRANK L. DYER, Counsel, Orange, New Jersey. •SPECIEICATION- TO ALE WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: BE IT KNOWN , that I, THOMAS A1VA EDISON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ilev/ellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful improvement in CRUSHING ROLLS', of which the following is a description:- My .invention relates to new and. useful improve- . ments in crushing rolls, adapted particularly for crushing Portland Cement. The objects of my invention are to pro¬ vide a construction of crushing rolls for the purpose in which the foils would he always kept in perfect alignment so as to operate to the best advantage, regardless of irregularities in the stream of material fed to the same, and to provide means by which. the driven...roll may be start¬ ed to rotate at the commencement of the crushing operation: Heretofore, in the construction of crushing rolls for the purpose, difficulty has been experienced in maintaining the rolls in alignment, resulting in the shafts becoming dis¬ torted and consequent injury to the journal boxes. ■ Further- -have bbeirv'eTy“lfeavy7^CB*^C3*TT'ecassary- ■+■« . n+..'ir». jt-frw- npm« 'iqv In a hearing, the combination of a .journal box and casing, a shaft supported therein, said shaft being reduced in diameter beyond said journal box, an -ps^u oil reservoir •sur-'ooundilng said reduced portion, a packing ring for closing the end of said reservoir, and a wiper engaging said shaft beyond the packing ring, substantially The following claim was inserted by amend men' paper No. -4, Amendment B, October 7, 1908. A'' C ~a- The combination of a bearing, a shaft therein. for lubricating the rithin the bearing, a fixed abutment surrounding the shaft in close proximity thereto, a flange or abutment rigid with said shaft, a packing ring of compressible material between said abutments, and means for holding said ring against rotation, substantially as As- set forth. L- The following insertion wus made to this claim by amendment 0, paper No. 0, November 19, 1909. Renumber claim 8 as 6, and in line 6, after "rotation" insert comprising adjustable means extending radially through the ring and into the hearing _. Paper No. 6, Amendment C, November 19, 1909. The following pending claims were inserted b; 1. The combination -with -a — bea-r-x-ng-, — a — skaf-t— thoxe-i-H , awdrmleans for lubricating the shaft within the hearing, of a compressible packing ring surrounding the shaft out- s U: side the hearing, said packing ring being wedge-shaped in cross section with the base of the wedge contacting the shaft, an abutment on onetside of the ring,crand a flange carrieiPby trie shaft on the other sicie °of the ‘^r i ng\cl-Ju-et^" ^hhcj^tu ^tTl amp the ring into firn, contact with the shaft and the abutment, substantially as set forth. •fjl - The following insertion was made hy amendment G, line 1,\ "a shaft and t .journal-bearing for the shaft enclosing the same - m •and- means for lubricating the shaft within the hearing, of a packing ring surrounding the shaft outside the bearing, said pao.Jd.ng "ing being wedge-shaped in oross section with J,he base of the v/edge contacting the shaft, C*ca shaft and a journal-bearing fo- the shaft enclosing the same. •oOo- The following claim was inserted by paper Do . 10, amendment T3, December 14, 1911. _ | _ _ 5 . The combination -of a— beariTtg-; — a- shaf t~ "t heTTii'n'," . - - - - — A means for lubricating the shaft within the bearing, a fixed abutment surrounding the shaft in close proximity thereto^, a 'flange or abutment removably applied to the shaft, ^ a packing ring surrounding the shaft between the said abutments, and means ^r'or applying the Removable ^ abutment to thr shaft to force the ring into firm contact with the shaft and the fixed abutment, substantially as set forth. The following insertion was madeby paper IJo . 14, amendment G, line 1, j "a shaft and a C ' T- ' c?'J. - journal hearing for the shaft enclosing the same ■oOo- The following claim was added by paper No. 12, amendment 7?, December 28, 1912. _ _ 7. The combin atAwi_^j=a^)ea^jrnfri— o-sh-af-t— tlie?ei-n 4eana for lubricating the sh:.tft within the bearing, a fixed ^ -i abutment, surrounding the shaft in olo ss proximity thereto, o' a flange or abutment removably applied to the shaft between said bearing and said fixed abutment, a packing ring surrounding the shaft between the said abutments , and means for applying the removable abutment to the shaft to force the ring into firm contact v/ith the shaft and the fixed abutment, substantially as set forth. The following insertion wae made in this claim by paper Wo. 14, Amendment Q , January 16, 1914. Claim 7, line 1,- insert "a-shaft and a .journal-bearing for the shaft enclosing the same. . oOo . The following claims were added by Amendment G, January 6, 1914: - — . "'bearii 8. The combination with a shaft and a .jcurnal- for the shaft enclosing the same, of a packing ring surrounding the shaft and located heyond the hearingand oii’t engagement with the bearing, an abutment engaging one side of the ring, and a flange carried hy the Shaft and engaging the other side o f the ring, substantially as described. bearing 9. The combination v/ith a shaft and a journal - for the shaft enclosing the same, of a packing ring sur¬ rounding the shaft, an abutment engaging one side o f the ring, and a flange carried hy the shaft and firmly en¬ gaging the other side of said ring, said flange being ' -5- located between said "bearing and ring, substantially as described . bear- 10 . The combination with a shaft and a journal¬ ing for the shaft enclosing the same, of a packing ring su"rounding the shaft, an abutment engaging one side of the ring and located "beyond the bearing, and a flange carried by the shaft arid engaging the other side of the '•ing, raid abutment, ring and flange being so shaped that the engagement of the abutment and flange with the ring will maintain the latter in engagement with the shaft, substantially as described . 11. The combination with a shaft and a journal bearing for the shaft enclosing the same, of a packing ring sur¬ rounding the shaft, means connected with one end of the bearing and enclosing the shaft comprising an abutment engaging one eide of the ring and located beyond the bearing, and a flange secured tp the shaft and engaging the other side of the ring, substantially as described. Paper No. 13 Pe.bruary P.5, 1913. Div. 12. Room 322. Prank B. Dyer, , ' Rdison laboratory, Orange , N\ J. Thomas A. Rdison, Serial 334411, Piled September 13, 1906, for Shaft Bearings . This case has' been examined as amended Deo. 28,1912 The attorney having acted as notary in this ap¬ plication, a new oath is required. 123-0. 0. 659. Claims 1; 3 , 5 are rejected on the patent. to. Benjamin 817898, April 17,' 1906, 64-22, in view of either of the patents to British Agar 10570, Hay 20, 1905-64-22 '"end ell 483333, September 27, 1892-64-22-W . C. which show wedge shaped packings to be old. Claims 4 and 7 are rejected on the above refer¬ ences, the fixed outer abutment being shown in Agar and Wen da 11 cited. February 19, 1914. Paper Mo. 16. Piy . 12, Room 322. Frank X,. Dyer, Edison Laboratory, Orange , N . .T . T. A. Edison, "or Shaft Bearings filed September 13, 1906, Serial No . 334411. Responsive to the communication of January 8, 1914 . Claims 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7 , are finally rejected on the references and for the reasons of record. There would he no invention in letting one of the abutting flanges of Wendell or Agar rotate with the shaft, in view of Benjamin. As regards the point that no hearing is shown V Agar, applicant's attention is directed to the fact that rotating shafts are generally supported in hearings . Claims P to 11 .inclusive, are substantially like claims hereto "ore presented, and are finally rejected on the *-eferences and for the reasons above given. Claims 2 and 6 are allowable as at present ad- ALLOWED CLAIMS. 2. In a bearing, the combination of a journal box and casing,, a shaft supported therein, said shaft being reduced in diamter beyond said journal box, an oil reservoir for said reduced portion, a packing ring for closing the end of said reservoir, and a wiper engaging said shaft beyond the packing ring, substantially as set forth. 6. She combination of a bearing, a shaft therein, means for lubricating the shaft within the bearing, a fixed abutment surrounding the shaft in close proximity thereto, a flange or abutment rigid with said shaft , a packing ring of compressible material between said abutments, and means for holding said ring against rotation comprising adjustable moans extending radially through the ring and into the bearing, substantially as set forth. CLAIMS EIMALLY REJECTED. 1. The combination with a shaft and a journal-bear inf for the shaft enclosing the same, of means for lubricating the shaft within the bearing, of a compressible packing ring surrounding the shaft outside the bearing, said packing ring being wedge-shaped in cross section with the base of the wedge contacting the shaft, an abutment on one side of the ring, and located beyond the bearing, and a flange carried by the shaft on the other side of the ring and coacting with said abutment to clamp the ring into firm contact with the shaft and the abutment, substantially as set forth. * -She combination with a shaft and a journal-bearing for the shaft enclosing the same, of means for lubricating the shaft within the hearing, of a packing ring surrounding the shaft outside the bearing, said packing ring being wedge-shaped in cross section with the base of the wedge contacting the shaft, an abutment on one side of the ring and located beyond the bearing, and a flange carried by the shaft on the other side of the ring, said abutment and flange being shaped to contact firmly the inclined sides !5f the ring, substantially as set forth. 4. The combination with a shaft and a journal¬ bearing for the shaft enclosing the same, of means for lubricating the shaft within the bearing, of a compressible packing ring surrounding the shaft outside the bearing, said packing ring being wedge-shaped in cross section with the base of the wedge contacting the shaft, an abutment secured to the bearing on the outer side of the ring and a flange carried by the shaft between the bearing and the ring for clamping the ring into firm contact with the shaft and the abutment, said flange and abutment being shaped to contact firmly the inclined sides of the ring, substan¬ tially as set forth. 5. She combination with a shaft and a journal -bearing for the shaft enclosing the same, of means for lubricating the shaft within the bearing, a fixed abutment surrounding the shaft in close proximity thereto and beyond the bearing , a flange or abutment removably applied to the shaf£, inter¬ mediate its ends, a packing ring surrounding the shaft between the said abutments, and means for applying the removable abutment to the shaft to force the ring into firm contact with the shaft and the fixed abutment, substantially as set forth. 7. The combination witb|a shaft and a journal-hearing for the shaft enclosing the same, of means for lubricating the shaft within the bearing, a fixed abutment surrounding the shaft in close proximity thereto, and beyond the bearing, a flange or abutment removably applied to the shaft between said bearing and said fixed abutment, a packing ring surrounding the shaft between the said abutments, and means for applying the removable abutment to the shaft to force the ring into firm contact with the shaft and the fixed abutment, substantially as set forth. 0. She combination with a shaft and a journal¬ bearing for the shaft enclosing the same, of a packing ring surrounding the shaft and located beyond the bearing and out of engagement with the bearing, an abutment en¬ gaging one side of the ring, and a flange carried by the shaft and engaging the other side of the ring, substantial¬ ly as described. 9. 'i'he combination with a shaft and a journal-bear¬ ing for the Shaft enclosing the same, of a packing ring surrounding the shaft, an abutment engaging one side of the ring, and a flange carried by the shaft and firmly en¬ gaging the other side of said ring, said flange being located between said bearing and ring, substantially as descr ibed 10. The combination with a shaft and a journal-bearing for the shaft enclosing the same, of a packing ring surround¬ ing the shaft, an abutment engaging one side of the ring and located beyond the bearing, and a flange carried by the Shaft and engaging the other side of the ring, said abutment, ring and flange being so shaped that the engage¬ ment of the abutment and flange with the ring will maintain the latter in engagement with the Shaft, substantially as described. 11 • Che combination with a shaft and a journal-hearing for the shaft enclosing the same, of a packing ring sur¬ rounding the shaft, means connected with one end of the hearing and enclosing the shaft comprising an abutment engaging one side of the ring and located beyond the bearing, and a flange secured to the shaft and engaging the other side of the ring, substantially as described. petition Go tbe Commissioner of patents : I?our petitioner thoxap at.va km sow a dtl3en of tbe Tllniteb States, reslbing anb having a post Office abbress at Llewellyn Park, Or»n^thereof , means for permitting the hot clinker from the kiln to>as^s lowly through the cooling chamber, and means for forcing ain^under pressure into the cooling chamber, so that the air beforfe^eaohing the kiln passes through the mass of hot clinker, substfenr tially as and for the purposes set forth. 2. In cement burning apparatus, the combination with a rotary oemeht^kiln, of a stationary cooling chamber oonneoted therewith, and>«*5eiving the hot clinker there¬ from, means for progressing the^hot clinker slowly through the cooling chamber and means for blowingair under pres¬ sure in the cooling chamber into direct oontSxvtwith the hot clinker, substantially as and for the purposes se,t forth. 3. In cement burning apparatus, the combination with a rotary oemeht^kiln, of a stationary oddling chamber connected with the discharge from the kiln and receiving the hot clinker therefrom, meanh^or causing the hot mater¬ ial to progress slowly through the oool-ing chamber , and a tuyere looatdd near the bottom of the cooling«*Qhtunber for permitting air under pressure to be forced through th&^hot^ mass before reaching the kiln, substantially as and for th< purposes set forth. 4. 4. in a cement burning apparatus, the combination with a rotary camelHvkiln, of a stationary cooling ohamber connected with the discharge therefrom, and formed with an inclined discharge opening, a^cboQvcying device, located adjacent to the an id discharge openirtg^or regulating tho flow of material in the oooling ohamber , arSdvmeans for fore -IJj' ing air under pressure within the cooling chamber and in direot contact with the hot material thefein, substantial¬ ly as and for the purposes Bet forth. ry \ . In cement burning apparatus, the combination with a rotary cement kiln, of a stationary oooling chamber, connected with the lower end thereof, m^ans for permitting the hot clinker from the kiln to pass slowly through the oooling chamber, means for foroing alr/( undart pressure into dr tlcc. ^ the oooling chamber ,A so that the air before reaching tho I kiln passes through the mass of hot olln^fr', \f(, introducing air directly into the kiln^Bubst/ntiallfa/ | and for the purposes set forth. £££ * o ^ SIMs specification signet) anb wltnesseb this 190 -6 a- Witnesses : , - ' _ .. _ ©atb- State of mew 3erse? Count? of Essex thomas alva -dtsoh , tbe above naineb petitioner, being bul? sworn, beposes anb saps tbat be is a citl3enof tbeUlniteb States, anb a resibent Of Lle.wsllyn Park, Grange , County Of Epbox and State of Vw jerrey: tbat be verilp believes bintself to be tbe original, first anb sole inventor of tbe improvements in ir/Jl'M.'T iiURNJKO APPARATUS bescribeb anb claimeb in tbe annereb specification; tbat be boes not Know anb boes not believe tbat tbe same was ever Ftnown or useb before bis invention or biscoverp thereof; orpatentebor bescribeb in an? printeb publication in tbe Ulniteb States of Hmerica or an? foreign countr? before bis invention or biscover? thereof, or more than two ?ears prior to tbis application ; or patenteb in an? countr? foreign to tbe TUniteb States on an application fileb more than twelve months prior to tbis application ; or in public use or on sale in tbe THniteb States for more than two pears prior to tbis application ; anb tbat no application for patent upon saib invention bas been fileb b? him or bis legal representatives or assigns in an? foreign countr?. - - Sworn to anb subscribeb before me tbis /^-bap-of-^-^-- 190 £ Jr * [geal] motar? public. UT cx>nw>wm^fcLa ihould be aiMrownfb Washington, D. C." Thcrr&n A. • "Id :l o on , DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C., Dec. 7, 1900. o/o 'Van?.: Ti. 'Slyer, '.j Edison laboratory, j Orange, IT. J. Please fln.il below a. commit, nication from the EXAMINER in, charge of you.v application, for "Conont Burning Airiar&tus 11 , filed }iov» 86. 1900, v348,04?. '£lp are rejected on ‘'Clayton, 330, 961, 3rov. 24, 1805 (75, Rev. Cpl. ), 'Lov/ia, 601,700, Not. 13, 1000 (22?., Hot.) ■ ^ I&ithoy , 325,259, Sep. 1, 1885 « German eatont 135,933 (222 Rot.) British patent, 27,753 of 1904 (222, Rot.) IN THE tHII TED STATES PATENT OEFIGE. Thomas A. Edison ) CEMENT BURNING APPARATUS j Piled November 26, 1906 j Serial Ho. 346,043 J Room No. 308 HONORABJiB COJfflKSSIOmSR OP PATENTS S I R : — Replying to Office action of December 7, 15)06, please amend the above entitled case as follows : Add the following olairn 6: -'6 3 in a cement burning apparatus, the combination with a rotary cement kiln, of a stationary cooling chamber connected with the discharge therefrom, and formed with a contracted portion at itB lower end, terminating in a discharge opening, and means for forcing air under pressure within the cooling chamber through the sides thereof a»d‘ in the onntraoted portion of said chamber, substantially as \ set forth. - REMARKS - The olairn submitted herewith, as well as the olaims formerly in the oase, is thought to be patentable over the references. The English patent No. 27, 763 to Gobbe, is for an apparatus for making producer gas frr oombustlon within the kiln. The cooling ohamber in: that patent is designated by the reference numeral 10, and it is apparent that the olaimi cannot be read upon this reference. 1. The German Patent llo. 135,933 to Hina does not meet the claims as in the Hina patent the incoming air is drawn through the clinker hy means of the draft of the kiln, and there is no means for positively forcing the air through the clinker. This is also true of the patent to Mathey Ho. 325, 259, while in the patent to lewis, Ho. 661, 700, the incoming air does not appear to he heated hy the clinker at all. The patent Ho. 330,691, does not have the oooling chamber defined hy the claims, hut like the English patent has a furnace at or beneath the discharge opening of the | kiln. The patents which have been cited as references therefore, considered either singly or in bulk, as they have been cited -by the Examiner , do not meet the claims, and a reconsideration and allowance are therefore re¬ quested. Very respectfully, THOMAS A. JEDI SOH By_^ Orange, Hew Jersey October ) 1907 . "department of the interior, I United States Patent Office, Thomas A. Edison, Washington, d. c„ Deo. n, 1907. ' ' o/o Prank L. Dyer, Edison Laboratory, Orange, N. J. Pieasc find, below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, for CEIffiHT BUHHINCr APPARATUS, filed Hot. 25, 1906, #346,043. This oase considered as amended Oot. 16, The claims are rejected on Wonts, #714,843, Deo. 2, 1902 C222 1907. Hot.). IK THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Thomas A. Edison CEMENT BURNING APPARATUS Piled November 26, 1?06 Serial Mo. 545,043 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS: SIR: In response to Office action of December 11, 190.7, please amend the above entitled case as follows: Cancel ClaimB 1, 2, 3 and 4. Insert the following as Claim 1: | - 1. In cement burning apparatus, the combination with a rotary kiln, of a stationary cooling chamber con¬ nected with the discharge therefrom, and formed with an inclined discharge opening, a soraper conveyor working in a trough adjacent the said discharge- opening for removing the clinker from the said opening, and regulating the flow of the clinker in the chamber by its speed of operation, and means for forcing air under pressure within the cooling chamber through tuyereB in the^samp, so that ‘the aii/passes through and is in direct oontaot with the hot clinker in the chamber on its way to the kiln, substantially as set forth. Claim 5i line 6, after "chamber" insert - at the lower end thereof - . Line 8, after "kiln" insert - and regulating the flow thereof - . Claim 6, line 6, cancel "and" after "thereof" . Renumber Claims 5 and 6 as 2 and 3. ) ) ) ) Room No. 308 ) ) (1) I .REMARK'S The claims are thought to distinguish from the references hy speoific differences enumerated therein. None of the references disclose the idea of introducing only a part of the air through the hot clinker under pressure, the rest of the air necessary for combustion in the kiln being furnished independently and with regulation. Neither is the specific type of conveyor shown in the references, nor applicant '.s construction of introducing air through tuyeres at the lower inclined portion of the chamber. Reconsideration and allowance are requested. Respectfully submitted. THOMAS A. UDISON His Attorney BOrange, New Jersey (December 8, 1908. ' | a-aeo. Room-.--^Og ~ Th*wL,Khll|Jlon”D.00.",<*"lfc DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, Thoms A. Edison, Washington, d. c.. o/o Eran?: L. Lyer, i Edison Laboratory, | Orange, IT. ,T. , j Please find billow a communication, from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, for cararc btohisw .apparatus, fixed Hot. so, 19cm, #345,043. This oass considered as amended Deo. 10, 1908. The claims are rejeoted on Wonts of record. The distino^- tionB do not seem jiatontably novel. Ill THE TOUTED STATES PATENT OPE ICE Thomas A. Edison : CEMENT BURNING APPARATUS Room No. 308. Piled November 26, 1906 Serial No. 345,043 : HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS SIR; In response to Office action of January 9, 1909, please amend thiB case as follows: Claim 1, line 9, insert - sides of the. inclined portion of the - before "same”. REMARKS Reconsideration and allowance of the claims as they now stand are respectfully requested. The dis¬ tinctions over the ref erences embodied in the claims are thought to render the same patentable. In Claim 1, a 3craper convoyor which regulates the flow of clinker in the chamber by its speed of operation is claimed. This is not shown in the references. This claim likewise is limited to means for forcing air under pressure within the cooling chamber through tuyeres in the sides of the chamber. In V/enta of record, the air is forced axially • into the chamber. Because of that construction, the patentee finds it necessary to use baffle plates for (1) spraying the air out through the clinker. By forcing the air through openings in the side of the inclined portion of the chamber, such a construction as that of V/entz is rendered unnecessary. In Claim 2, moans are claimed for forcing air under pressure into the oooling chamber at the lower end thereof, and, in addition, means for introducing air directly into the kiln and regulating the flow thereof. This is not shown in any of the references, and is a valuable feature, since it would be difficult to force the enormous quantity of air re¬ quired for the kiln through the load of clinker in the oooling apparatus. In Claim 3, as in Claim 1, means are claimed for forcing air under pressure within the cooling chamber through the Bide3 thereof in the contract¬ ed portion of the chamber, which is thought to be a patentable distinction. Respectfully submitted. THOMAS A. EDISON His Attorney Orange, New Jersey January 5th, 1910. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C., J.'UI , uim 10:1.0. Tiioaan A. Bill a on, ,0/o yrnale. %* Dyer, Bdi non laboratory, Please find below a^camm'urlicalioi? frorn U.S, PATENT OFFICE, mm 9,1 1910 M A I L-E P- the EXAHIHER in charge of your application, No, 348 , 043 , Cement ’Suroing Apparntuo , filed November so, 1908, T'nfo cane hao been reconsidered In view of she Amendment of. "January- 0, 1910. #ha claims are again rojectod on Wont?,, of record. Tbe once iu held to contain no filling patentable oyer said reference. This action is made final in' accordance with the spirit of the decision in Bx parte .Biller, 150 0. (5., '8.37', and the case in in condition for appeal. [FROM HENRY LANAHAN] .Me . 22, 190i Mr. Y/alter B, Mallory, Edison Portland Cement Company, Stewartsville, New Jersey. Dear Sir: You will find enclosed herewith, a copy of the speoif ioation and print of the drawing Cof: an application v/hioh Mr. Edison has filed for a patent for ocwent burning apparatus. The claims now in the case, throe in number, are under final rejection. In the apparatus shown in the drawing, you will note that a part of the air for supplying combustion within the kiln is introduced through the twyers 9 and the hot clinker, and the rest of the air is supplied through the opening ID whioh may be opened to a greater or less extent by the hinged gate 11/' The references show all the essential features of thiB apparatus, except the additional means 10 and 11 for supplying air direotly to the kiln/. Y/e are trying to decide whether, r oas e is of sufficient importance to warrant the trouble and expense of an appeal. ¥7ill you kindly advise ub whether the apparatus described in this application has been found to be of \V. 6. Mallory -2- Deo, 22, 1910. practical importance, and particularly, whether it has been found important practically to supply a part of the air through the hot clinker, and a part of it through an ad¬ justable opening leading directly from the atmosphere outBide the kiln to the interior of the kiln. We must take appro-*?' priato action in this case before January 20, 1911, and you are, therefore, requested to give this matter your prompt attention. Dlease return the specification and print with your reply, as these are the only copies we have. Very truly yours, Hl/KGK (Enclosures) TKe Edison Portland Cement Co °' "°AU" Telegraph, Freight and Paisengcr Station, NEW VILLAGE. N. J. p*„ Area. — P. o address. STEW ARTSVILLE, N. J. =1"' “I:: "“f'“ December 23, 1910. Ur. Prank I. Dyer, legal Department , Orange, N. J. Dear Sir:- to* m In Mr. Malloxy'8 absence from the office, we beg to acknowledge receipt of yours 22nd, enclosing a copy of specifications and print of the drawing which Mr. Edison has filed, patent on cement burning apparatus. Ab soon as Mr. Mallory returns to the office we will place your communication before him, and it will receive his personal and prompt attention. Yours very truly, Assistant to President. TKe Edison Portland Cement Co. °r n°A,,D Telegraph, Freight and Passenger Station, NEW VILLAGE, N. J. Y.**' 8t.C J P. o address, STEWARTSVILLE, N. J. N‘t‘“ lir. Frank Dyer, Counsel, Edison Laboratory, Orange, H. J. Dear Sir:- Your favor of the :?.2nd to Kr. Kallory has been referred to the. writer and in reply will say that while I am very sorry to see the application fail I should hesitate to recommend the expense of an appeal. I am familiar with the Wentz patent which was issued to Robert J\ Wentz of Nazareth 8 or 10 years ago and as far as I know it is the only patent cited that is at a]l relevant to the case. It does cover part of the Edison claims but it has never been a success. Dexter tried it and several We stern mills tried it. As to the present status of the hinged gate being the only new feature will say this is a doubtful practical utility. There is so January 4, 1911. much air enters the kiln through openings around the hood und espe¬ cially between the shell and the annular opening into which it extends that accurate regulation by means of gate at 10 would be rather questionable. If it de¬ pends on this for an appeal I should say drop it. In reply to the latter part of your letter will say the above uncontrollable factor has always made it impossible to demonstrate positively whether it is practically economical to pass part of the air over the hot clinker. Most mills do it to a greater or less extent but the Vulc- ni te , the American, the Lawrence and others have no pits for storing clinker but merely a passageway for the clinker to fall by gravity to the elevator boot. There is some little heating of the air here but it is unavoidable and was not designed for that purpose. There is room for Mr. lidison to invent a discharge end for a kiln which end will not have 'an annular opening between the shell and the hood and if le can prevent ::.lr entering there he can pass as much or as little air over ' the clinker as desirable and regu¬ late the balance by' gate -y'10. 1’or our kilns the total, air would only be about 6,000 to 7,000 cubic feet per minute and this does not seem excessive to me especially in view of the fact that it would all be heated and v;e should gain in efficiency. If I understand it rightly amendments are in order and an amendment to cover a device as suggested where X have pencilled X on the drawing in conjunction with the balance of the device would not only be new and novel but would undoubtedly be econo¬ mical. Svery other possible air inlet can be overcome. m THE UNITED STATES PATENT OEFICE. I | THOMAS A. EDI SOU, ) i| CEMENT BURNING APPARATUS, ) lulled November 26, 1906, ) j| Serial. No, 345,0-13, ) Room No, 169, jj U’o the COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS, 1 SIR: '! I hereby appeal to the Examiners- jj in-Chi af from the decision of the Principal Examiner, in || the matter of my application for Bettoro patent for an | improvement in C ament Burning Apparatus, filed November | 26, 1906, Serial No. 345,043, which, on the 21st day of s Ijjanuary, 1910, was rejected the second time. The following fare the points of the decision on v/hich the appeal is taken; j! || (1) The Examiner erred in finally rejecting the claims and each of them. (2) The Examiner erred in not allowing the claims land each of them. (3) The Examiner erred in holding that the claims do not differentiate from the prior art and that they are without patentable novelty. An oral hearing is requested. Signed at Nest Orange, County of Essex and State of New Jersey, this day of January, 1911, THOMAS A. EDISON y ^ „ ! His Attorney. Clfidworu TKe Edison Portland Cement Co or ,M>An® Telegraph, Freight and Passenger Station, NEW VILLAGE. N. J. jJJJJJ** p. o address. STEWARTSVILLE, N. J. = Henry Lanahan, Esq., Edison Laboratory, Orange, H. J. January 7, 1911. Dear Sir;- Replying to yours of 5th, will eay I expeot to be away the first few days next week, but oould meet you any time after Wednesday. Inasmuch as I do not think you are familiar with standard kilns, it strikes me that it would be much better for you to come here where I can take you to a kiln and show you clearly any points about which you are in doubt. Very truly, Mr. H. TS. Kiefer, Kdison Portland Cement Company, Stewartsville, Kew Jersey. Dear Sir: I have deferred replying to your letter of January 7£h, ■because I have been waiting for further information from the Patent Office in regard to the application for Cement Burning Apparatus, on which we are going to take an appeal. After I receive this information, 1 shall endeavor to find time to come over to Stewartsville to talk the matter over with you and to look about the works, I shall oommunioate with you later either by letter or by telephone to make an appointment. HL/kGK Yours very truly, Appeal is taken from the action of. the Examiner in finally rejecting the following claims: 1. In a cement burning apparatus, the combination with a rotary kiln, of a stationary cooling chamber con¬ nected with the discharge therefrom, and formed with an inclined discharge opening,. .a scraper conveyor working in a trough adjacent the said discharge opening for removing the clinker from the said opening, and regulating the flow of the clinker in the chamber by its speed of operation, ' and means for forcing air under pressure within the cooling chamber through tuyeres in the sides of the inclined portion oJT the same , so that the air passes through and"’ is in direct contact with the hot clinker in the chamber on its way to the kiln, substantially as set forth. ■ P . in cement burning apparatus, the combination with a rotary cement kiln, of a stationary cooling cham¬ ber connected with the lower end thereof, means for per¬ mitting the hot clinker from the kiln. to pass slowly through the cooling chamber, means for forcing air under pressure into the cooling chamber at the lower end thereof, so that the air before reaching the kiln passes through the rnaBB of hot clinker, and means for Introducing air dlreotlv into the kiln and regulating the flow tJi.ere.ofj_ substantially as and for- tlie’"purp o s'etT ¥it~ forblu ” 3. In a cement burning apparatus, the combination with a rotary, cement kiln, of a stationary- cooling, chamber connected with the discharge therefrom, and formed with a contracted portion at its lower end, terminating in a dis¬ charge opening, and means for forcing air under pressure within the cooling chamber through the eidoB thereof in tho contracted portion of said chamber, substantially^ as 'set'fortlf. ~ ~ .* •• ; : •. . . The reference 1b: Wentz, 714,843, December 2, 1902, 345,043, 2. The invention relates to a stationary cement cooler with a contracted bottom. Through the sides of the latter air is forced under pressure. Veans are also shown for removing the clinker and regulating the flow of the clinker in the cooler by its speed of operation. Wentz of record discloses a stationary cooler, with meanB for removing the clinker and regulating the flow of the clinker., by its speed of operation. Instead of introducing the air through the sides of the contracted bottom, as in applicant's apparatus, Wentz uses a series of defleotors, 4555, centrally supported in the chamber. Air is blown through the clinker as it passes from one deflector to the other by means of a perforat¬ ed vertical pipe centrally located in said cooler. It is held that the substitution of tuyeres in the sides of the inclined portion of the cooling chamber, in place of the de¬ flectors and central pipe of Wentz's apparatus, does not involve invention. Kespectfully submitted, Examiner, Division 31. January 21, 1911. 191/ S1)130'^^ wil1 be heard by the { Examiners- in-Ohief on the.^/^ day of — ’ 191/ It is the o&arf/on the assignment for that day. The hearings will oommenoe at ' olook, and as soon as the argument in one oase is oonoluded the suooeeding oase will be taken up. If any party, or his attorney, shall not appear when the oase is oalled, his right to an oral hearing will be regarded as waived. The time allowed for arguments is as follows: Ex parte oases, thirty minutes; •Motions, thirty minutes, eaoh side; Interference appeals, final hearing, one hour eaoh side. \y speoial leave, obtained before the argument is oommenoed, the time may be extended. The appellant shall have the right to open and oonolude in interference oases, and in suoh oase a full and fair opening must be made . Briefs in interference appeals must be filed in aooordanoe with the provisions of Rule 147. Respeotfully, The oase of DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OP THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. In 1-0 application of 1 Thom;] a A. Edison ) CBUEJTC BURNING APPARATUS ) Filed Nov. 26, 1906 j Serial Ho. 345,043 ) Before the Honorable Board of Examiners -In -Chief on Appeal APPELLANT'S BRIEF This is an appeal taken from the aotion of the Bxuminor in finally rejecting tho olaims in the above entitled applioution. The olaims rejected are as follows : - "1. In a cement burning apparatus, the combination with a rotary kiln, of a stationary oooling chamber oonneotod with the discharge therefrom, and formed with an inclined discharge opening, a soraper con- voyor working in a trough, adjaoant tho said dis¬ charge opening for removing the olinker from the said opening , and regulating the flow of the olinker in the chamber by its speed of operation, and means for forcing aii- under pressure within the oooling ohamher through tuyeros in the sides of tho inclined portion of the same, so that the air passes through and is in direct contact with the hot olinker in the ohamher on its way to the kiln, substantially as set forth. 2. In cement burning apparatus, the combination with a rotary cement kiln; of a stationary cooling cham oer connect eel with the lower end thereof, means for pe:r mitting the hot olinker from the kiln tc pass slowly through the oooling chamber, means for foroing air under pressure into the oooling chamber at tho lower end thereof, so that the air before reaohing '..the' kiln passes through the mass, of hot olinker, and means for introducing air direotly into the kiln and regulating the flow thereof, substantially as ana for the pur¬ poses set forth. 3. In a nement burning apparatus, the combina¬ tion with a rotary oeraeht kiln, of a stationary oooling chamber oonneotea with the discharge there¬ from, and formed with a contracted portion at its (1) lower end, terminating in a disoharge opening, and means for forolng air under pressure within the o ooling chamber through the sides thereof in the oontrsoted portion of said ohamber, substan¬ tially as set forth." The invention relates to improvements in oement burning apparatus, and more particularly to rotary oement kilns. In this olass of apparatus, the material or ore to be oaloined is fed into the upper end'"of a slightly inclined rotary kiln and subjected to intense heat pro¬ duced by combustion within the kiln. The oombustible material, suoh as finely pulverized ooal or other fuel, together with a suitable quantity of air, iB introduced into the lower end of the kiln: The ore or material to be oaloined moves, slowly through the kiln under the ■ combined aotion of gravity and the rotation of the kiln. The oaloined material or olinker is discharged from the lower end of the kiln at a high temperature. The inven¬ tion oovered by the olaims in this application relates to means for oooling the hot olinkered material, and at the same time utilizing the heat abstracted therefrom. In the apparatus invented by applicant, a oool¬ ing ohamber is provided for receiving the hot olinkered material as it is discharged from the lower end of the rotary kiln. The oooling ohamber has a oontraoted por¬ tion in the lower part formed by walls inwardly inclined toward the bottom, and has a disoharge> opening at the bottom. Means for foroing air under pressure through the hot olinkered mass is provided in the form of pipes or tuyeres, whioh pass through the inolined sideB of the oooling ohamber. The shape of the lower portion of the oooling ohamber, that is, the portion having the (2) inolined walls, is suoh as to oause the olinkered material to be so oompaoted that the air forced in through the tuyeres will oome into intimate oontaot with all portions of the material, thereby affording ample opportunity for the transfer of heat from the hot material to the oooler air. "he advantage of this struoture over that shown in the reference will be pointed out hereinafter. The cooling chamber has an upper portion whioh fits closely around the lower end of the rotary kiln, ana which is provided with an opening or openings for intro¬ ducing one or more nozzles for projecting the finely pul¬ verized coal or other fuel into the kiln, and also with an additional opening whioh is covered by an adjustable gate. This additional opening with itB adjustable gate furnishes means for introducing air direotly into the kiln and regulating the flow thereof, whioh is considered to be an important feature of this invention. Very large quantities of air are required in apparatus of this olaas to produce oomplete oombustion, and it is desirable to be able to supply air direotly from the outside and independ¬ ently of the tuyeres, and to regulate the amount of the air so admitted. Beneath the opening of the oooling ohamber there is provided a soraper oonveyor working in a trough for oonveying away the material aB it oomes from the oooling ohamber, and the rate of discharge of this material may be controlled by controlling the speed of the oonveyor. It will be apparent that anplioant has invented a simple and efficient mechanism for oooling the olinkered mater¬ ial, for utilizing the heat abstracted therefrom, for (3) controlling the relative amounts c£ air supplied through the olinkered material ana directly from the outside, and for controlling the rate at whioh the discharge of the olinkered material takes place.' The olaims of the application have been rebooted on the patent to Went?., Ho. 714,843, granted December 2, 1902. This patent disoloses a very complicated apparatus for producing some of the results attained in applicant's apparatus. The patent to Wentz discloses a oooling cham¬ ber whioh is provided with a series of defleotors and a series of hopper-shaped plates. Air is forced into the interior of this oooling ohamber through a tube or pips passing into the interior of the oooling ohamber and having openings in its sides. Y/entz also provides means for supplying water as an additional cooling means. The air whioh has been heated by the olinker, together with the steam produoefl from the water may be fed direotly into the lower end of the kiln, or may he mixed with the fuel, and the mixture fed into the kiln. Wentz, however, has provided absolutely no means by whioh air may be introduoed direotly into the kiln and its rata of flow regulated. This featuro is oonEidered to be of great v advantage in applicant's apparatus, and it is inoiuded . N in Claim 2. for this reason Claim 2 is thought to be dearly patentable over the reference. ■' f \ By providing means forfforoing air under ! '■ pressure into the kiln ohamber through tuyeres in the j\ sides of the inolined walls of the same, applicant has'-' been enabled to dispense with the exceedingly oomplioated arrangement of defleotors and hopper-shaped plates used v; (4) 1 I by Wentz, and to obtain an equal or superior result with a much simpler struoture. As pointed out hereinbefore, the Bhape of the lower part of the applicant's cooling ohamber i3 suoh as to oompaot the material where the air is foroed into it, thereby produoing a maximum cooling effeot upon the alinker and a maximum heating effeot upon the air. In the struoture shown in Wentz, onoh ourront of air passes through only a small portion of the olinkered material, and through a portion of the material where it is very loose , that is, whore the material is falling freely from a doflootor into the hopper below it. Appli¬ cant's simple struoture, therefore, possesses decided advantages over the very complex structure shown in the patent. it is believed that these features are olearly brought out in ClairaB 1 and 3. Furthermore, in Claim 1 there is reoited - "a soraper conveyor working in a trough adjacent the said discharge opening for removing the clinker from the said opening, and regulating the flow of the olinkor in the ohamber by its speed of operation" . The struoture shown in Wentz includes a vertically ad¬ justable chute or duct, whebeby the space between the discharge opening and a rotating table beneath the same may be adjusted. [There is provided a stationary soraper held above the table for the purpose of arresting the plinlcer oarried around by the table, and oausing it to be fed off into a receiving hopper. In the specification of the Went z patent it is stated that the rate of discharge is determined by the. space between the duot and the table and the speed of revolution of the latter. (See page 5, (5) ' lines 69-72 inclusive) It is doubtful whether the speed of the table would have muoh effeot in determining the rate of discharge. The effeot of the table in influenoing the disoharge depends on the frictional engagement between the table and the olinkered material. In applicant's arrangement, a positively acting means for controlling the rate of disoharge is provided, which depends only on the speed of the oonveyor. It is also to be noted that in the apparatus shown in Wentz, both the air and fuel are forced into the kiln in jets, whereas, in applicant 'b apparatus, the air is fed in a diffused body surrounding the fuel jet and adapted to oommingle with the fuel in the most efficient I manner. This result is due to the provision of a single oooling chamber of large oross seotion direatly connected with thp lower end of the rotary kiln, and without ob¬ structions therein to retard the flow of air, instead of employing the complicated system of pipe connections shown in the reference. It is thought that it has been clearly pointed out in the foregoing remarks that oertain essential differ¬ ences exist between the structure shown and claimed in this application and the structure shown in the patent,; and that oertain substantial advantages are due to these differences. The Honorable Board of Examiners -in -Chief are I therefore respeotfully requested to adjudge the claims in issue patentable in their decision on this appeal. \ Respeotfully submitted, : \ THOMAS A. EDISON, By _ _ _ _ _ Orange. H. .T. His Attorney j$ May 8, 1911. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON By direction of the Commissioner: Very respectfully, J .n.n. Appeal Ho. 3904. U. 3. PATENT OFFICE. Way 15, 1911. Before the Examiner s-in-Chief , on Appeal . Applioation of Thomas A, Edison for a patent for an improve¬ ment in Cement Burning Apparatus, filed November 26, 1906, Serial Ho. 345,043 . Hr. Frank L, Dyer, attorney for appellant. The applicant, has appealed from the action of the primary examiner finally rejecting the following claims; - 1. In cement burning apparatus, the combination with n rotary kiln, of a stationary cooling chamber connected with the discharge therefrom, and formed with an inclined disoharge opening, a scraper conveyor working in a trough adjacent the said discharge opening for removing the clinker from the SRid opening, and regulating the flow of the alinker in. the chamber by its speed of operation, and means for forc¬ ing air under pressure within the cooling chamber through tuyeres in the sides of the inclined portion of the same, so that the air passes through and is in direct contact with the hot olinker in the chamber on its way to the kiln, substan¬ tially ns set forth . 2. In cement burning apparatus, the combination with a rotary cement kiln, of a stationary cooling chamber con¬ nected with the lower end thereof, means for permitting the hot olinker from the kiln to pass slowly through the cooling chamber, means for forcing air under pressure into the cooling chamber, at the lower end thereof, so that the air before reaching the kiln passes through the mass of hot clinker, and means for introducing air directly into the kiln, and regulat¬ ing the flow thereof, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. 3. In a cement burning apparatus, the combination with a rotary cement kiln, of a stationary cooling oharaber connect¬ ed with the disoharge therefrom, and formed with a contracted portion at its lower end, terminating in a discharge opening, and means for forcing air under pressure within the cooling chamber through the sidee thereof in the contracted portion of said ohamber, substantially as set forth. The reference cited is;- Wentz , 714,843, December 2, 1902 . //3904---2. Ho error 1b found in the notion of the primary examiner re¬ jecting the appealed claims. The conveyor 52, 53, Pig. 2, of Wentz, is the equivalent of the applicant's oonveyor, so far as the combination to whioh claim 1 is drawn is concerned. The in¬ troduction of air into a clinker cooling chamber by means of tuyeres in the sides of the inclined portions thereof, as air is introduced into the ordinary blast furnace, instead of in the manner disclosed by Wentz, Pig. 2, does not involve invention. Claims 1 and 3, therefore, are not allowable. Wentz supplies air to his kiln from two sources 17 and 38, Pig. 1. It would not involve Invention to control and regulate the flow of air through these two air supplies of Wentz . Claim 2 is not allowable in view of this conclusion. The action of the primary examiner finally rejecting the ap¬ pealed claims is affirmed . Fairfax Bayard, T. G. Steward, Prank C. Skinner, Examiners- in- Chie f May 26, 1911. Mr . Dyer : - I hand you herewith application Folio 1'To. 275 filed by Mr. Edison for Cement burning Apparatus. The three olaims in the case were finally rejeoted on the patent to Wentz, wo. 714,843. An appeal was taken to the Board of Examiners-in-Chief , and the oaBe submitted on brief. On May 15, 1911, the Board affirmed the aotion of the Primary Examiner . The apparatus described in the application has not been used in praotioe, and the olaims set forth a structure only slightly different from that shown in the reference. X think these differences are fully set forth in the brief filed on appeal, Mr. Holden and I reoommend that the case be dropped, and it is now submitted to you for your de¬ cision. HL-JS Folio No.._ . 2*76 Serial No.' £ifi£2<£l£_ . Title Filed . /s tbat letters patent mat! be eranteb to bint for tbe improvements in blas'j: puhnaok set fortb in tbe anneieb specification ; anb be hereby appoints jfranft X. ©ver (IReflistration H2o. 560), of fibison laboratory, Orange, Hew 3eraey, bis attorney, witb full power of substitution anb revocation, to prosecute tbis application, to tnahe alterations anb antenbments therein, to receive tbe patent, anb to transact all business in tbe patent Office connecteb therewith. “SPEC I T I 0 A I I 0 H- TO ALL Y/HOM IT J5AY CONCERN: BE IT KNOWN , that I, THOMAS ALVA EDISON, a citizen ol' the United States, residing at Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and State of Hew Jersey, have invented certain, new and useful improvements in BLAST EURNACEI? , ^of^hlciF the "foil owing is a description: In modern blast fur naoe practice, the combustion products are drawn off and part thereof 1b burned in hot stoves in which is heated the air that is directed to the tuyeres, while the remainder of the combustion gases is consumed industrially in the plant. The attempt is gen¬ erally made to separate from the combustion gases any fine dust carried therewith, but the devices which have been used for this purpose are ineffective, and conse¬ quently the combustion gases carry with them undesirably large proportions of solid material, which injuriously affeot the fire-brick, boiler tubes, or gas engine cylin¬ ders, .in connection with which the gases are burned or used. The object of my invention is to provide an improv¬ ed filter which I use in connection with a blaBt furnace, and by which all solid matter will be very perfectly separated from the combustion gases, so that the latter may be used industrially without interfering v/ith the de- vioos in which the gas is burned, or otherwise used. In an application for Bettors Patent, filed October 24th, 1906, Serial No. 340,299, I describe an improved cement -1- burning apparatus in connection with which X make use of a filter of novel construction. My improved filter is of such a charaoter that it will not ho affected by very hot gaseous currents passing thru the Bame, yet, it will at all times perform a very perfoct filtering operation without becoming clogged or having its porosity and re¬ sistance altered as the matorial is separated thoreby. The improved filter comprises one or more filtering walls formed of coarse granular matorial presenting innumerable minute pores and tortuous chsumel3 thru whioh the gaseouB currents are caused to scop slowly and in which the solid material oarried thereby will be separated. The granular ^ material is kept in movement, so that it is being constant"' ly replenished at its upper part as material is drawn off at the bottom, and the material so :dravm off is subjected to a soreoning operation by which the very fine dust-like particles deposited within the filter may be separated from the granular material whioh is then returned to the top of the filtering wall . Vfoat—I^pr opo ae— herein-, — f-a— the- \ productrion-“Ol--ttn-e&sent-ia-liy--rtovei-blagt— fu-rnacey—by— com- ' -bining-^therew-i-th-a-f-i-l-t-er'-of— my— impro-ved~type-. Such a / filter 1b of Bpeoial utility in combination with a blast furnace, for the o reason that it. is unaffeoted by the very hot gases, its porosity remains constant so that its presence docs not interfere with the correct operation of. tho blast furnace, and it effects a very perfect separation of tho fine dust from the gases, so that the latter can bo most effectively used for ouoh industrial purposes as may bo desired. | In order that the invention may be better under¬ stood, attention is directed to the accompanying drawing, forming pari; of this specification, and in which I show a blast furnace of ordinary construction, combined with a filter of my improved type. The blast fumaoe 1, is of any suitable form, having the usual tuyeres 2 near its bottom, and a gas pipe 3_, leading out of the same near the top, for carry¬ ing off the producer gas gonerated within the same. The gas pipe £ leads to the upper part of my improved filter, which oomprises an enclosed wall having two vortical lines of inclined shelves 5,-jj therein, and to which is supplied the desired coaraely ground material, the particles of which range preferably between 1 fib and 1/fei of an inch. This material may be coarse gravel, or coarsely ground cement rock. The material accumulates on the inclined shelves jj, in a body of about l£ inches in thickness and is slowly moved downwardly over the shelves by means of roller feeds 6_. Bach series of shelves jj with the materi¬ al thereon constitute a filtering wall or partition, and the material is supplied to the upper end of each filter¬ ing wall in any suitable way. ' The material i i dr mm off at the bottom of each filtering wall is removed by a oonveyor 2» unci is preferably passed to a screening device (not sho\m) by which the fine dust deposited within' the granular material may be separated therefrom. The spaoe between the two filtering partitions constitutes a settling chamber, having an inclined bottom in which is located a oonveyor 8, of any suitable type, and in this settling chamber a part of the fine material will deposit by gravity, as will he obvious. The gaseous currents having passed thru tho minute and tortuous channels pre¬ sented by tho granular material will be forced off thru -3- pipes 9., the circulation hoing effected by the pressure within the blast furnace, and thenoe the gaB passes to the place of use. Hy passing the gases from the blast furnace thru a filter of the typo desoribed, a very per¬ fect separation of the fine material therefrom will be effeoted, so that the -gases will be absolutely pure, and hence cun be used to the beet advantage . for industrial purposes, without tho possibility of slagging the bricks of the firo boxes in which they may be UBed, or of affect¬ ing tho boiler tubes, or the cylinders of gas engines. Having now described my invention, what 1 claim as now and desire to uocuro by Letters Patent is as fol¬ lows:- 1. The combination v. th a blast furnace and gas pipe therefrom, of a filter connected v/ith tho gas pipe and presenting a filtering vail or partition of granular material, substantially aa and for the purposes set forth. 8, The combination with a blast furnace and gas pipe therefrom, of a filter connected with the gas pipe and presenting a filtering wall or partition of granular material, arid means for effecting movement of the granular material, substantially as ind for the purposes Bet forth. 3. The combination with a blast furnace, and gas pipe therefrom, of a filtering apparatus connected with the gas pipe, and comprising an intermediate settling chamber, and opposed filtering walls, formed of granular material,! substantially as snd for the purposes set forth. 4. The combination w: th a blast fumaoe and gas pipe therefrom, of a filtering apparatus connected with -4- the gaB pipe and comprising an intermediate settling cham¬ ber, oppoaed filtering walls formed of granular material, and means for maintaining the granular material in move¬ ment, substantially as and for the purposes set forth, 5. The combination with a blast furnace and gas pipe therefrom, of a filtsr connected with the gas pipe and presenting filtering vails or partitions of granular material, and a settling chamber between the filtering walls, substantially as and for the purposes set forth, a -V l OCoclt* / 7< :0.. /y^y. *'J* ^ - - - f 4 tCot. a P'v, Q j . Ciso-v^ (OJL<5.v^ft^ (yt. . W7~X " - k-'T^. v-v — o — c^-o-j m.i-1. G*-\r-^—a^C. - i „ (L_J^fa: \cbj2S^v, — &~e — *** — ~~ — ^ C^~.e, 10-qljQjI^ . (sf^* i»< — . &*■ '0“7-v-— i — .Q_cca«ik-E Ksz >— ■ '— . O'-— tf- (-<_<-gJ? **j2i2-*_c2> bt3~O-^*0* ^JU-c— ^5 — dS'^txa GLic/wO. * - ■ — -a - — - — ^\— - o— £a^2- je _ _ u *^j?1 oq. ^ <^zz^j * i ^ ”^Ci> ^o- jjL».>. -c— ■c---' tjf>T p . rrri. -f— ^a-*-t" ^ _ W-tV^O-v - -. -V— g - AxaJV-JL KA/a-o a.<0^h. o-rs. -^ " — ‘■—3 ~C0>_O _ _ - - . .. petition £o tbe Commissioner of patents : Kour (Petitioner miomas alva kdiboh , a cltl3en of tbe Xlntteb States, resibing anb bavins a post ©ffice abbress at Llewellyn Purl:, Orttnyu, County of Euoex, and State of drew Jer¬ sey, prays tbat letters patent may be granteb to bint for tbe improvements in PROCESS 03' G03IC33NTR.ATING SILVER ORES, set fortb in tbe anneieb specification ; anb be hereby appoints ffranft X. 2>yer (■(Registration mo. 560), of Ebison laboratory, ©range, flew 3ersey, bis attorney, witb full power of substitution anb revocation, to prosecute tbis application, to mahe alterations anb amenbments therein, to receive tbe patent, anb to transact all business in tbe patent ©fRce connecteb therewith. SPECIFICATION TO ALT- WHOM XT MAY CONGERS: BE IT KNOWN, that I, THOMAS ALVA EDISON, a oitizen of the United States, residing at Llewellyn Parle, Orange, County ©f Essex and State of Hew Jerpey, ,ha^e ^.nyented a certain new and useful PROCESS OFA CON(OTTRATIHg/sILVER ORES, of whioh the following is a desoription:- My invention relates to an improved prowess of concentrating silver ores, and it is based on the discovery that many arsenioal oobalt ores contain silver, which for almost its entire bulk, is in a metallio state. Contrary to the statements of mineralogists, very little of the silver in these ores exists in the form of Bulfid or other combination, but I have found, as stated, that it is almost wholly metallio and exists aB small granules and irregular¬ ly shaped grains. This is especially true of the Canadian cobalt silver ores. My invention presents a purely meohanical prooeBB by whioh oreB containing metallio silver can be ooncentratec at low oost, and practically all of the preoious metal re¬ covered. At the same time, the process is expeditious, in¬ volves very simple apparatus, oan be carried on without high technical skill and permits very large quantities of ore to be handled. The principle underlying the invention, is that by oarefully crushing the ores between crushing rolls, the non-metallio material will be reduced in size, while the metallio granules or grains will be flattened so as to increase their area, thereby permitting an effective separation of the metallic from the non-metallio portions of the ore by an ordinary soreening operation. Preferably the process involves a serieB of orushing operations, of gradually reduced fineness, whereby the non-metallio ma¬ terial will be gradually reduced in size, until it reaoheB a condition of fine powder. After each of the orushing operations, suoh of the metallic particles, as may be large enough to be engaged by the orushing rolls so as to have their area thereby increased, are preferably sepa¬ rated by the screens. These operations are repeated, the non-metallio material being gradually reduoed, and the me¬ tallic granules being compressed or flattened so as to per¬ mit their separation until the bulk of the metallic partl- oles has been recovered in the concentrates. I oonsider it preferable to effect a screening operation after each orushing aotion, so as to redover the sufficiently enlar¬ ged metallic granules, rather than to first reduce the non- metallic material to the ultimate fineness desired, and to then attempt to reoover the metallic partioleB by a screen¬ ing aotion, beoause in the latter case, loss would be ex¬ perienced by the breaking up of the metallic flakes in passing them successively between the rolls. The best results are also obtained when the screens are proportion¬ ed to the size of the ground, non-metallio partioleB, so that while permitting the bulk of the latter to pass through as tailing^',’ such of the metallic granules as may have been flattened or enlarged by the preceding crushing operation will be retained in the oonoentrates. At the time this seleotiop of the screening openings is not absolutely essential, since a single screen may be employ¬ ed for handling the product of two, or even more, of the orushing operations. In carrying my invention into effect in its preferred embodiment, and with a suitable arsenioal cobalt ore, for example, I proceed as follows: The ore is first passed between crushing rolls and reduced to a predetermined maximum size. The effoot of the orushing is two-fold, first, the larger or non-metal - lio part of the ore being brittle and friable, will be re- duoed so that its larger particles will represent the pre¬ determined size desired, ranging from that size to excess¬ ively fine partioles, and second, the larger metallic particles or granules being ductile, will be flattened somewhat and increased in area. The smaller metallic particles, i.e., those less in diameter than the distanoe between the rolls, will pass through without being affect¬ ed. The crushed material is now carofully soreened over one or more screens which consist of a thin steal plate, formed with elongated screening slots therein, about the same width as the distance between the orushing rolls. By reason of this screening operation, a large portion - say 98^-of the material will pass through the screens, the re¬ maining tailings or concentrates being largely oomposed of the flattened or enlarged metallio granules, whose shape has been changed by the orushing rolls. I now set the orushing rolls closer together, so that the gap will be about 25^ less than at the first pass, and I pass the soreened material through the orushing rolls. In this re-orushing operation, it is important that the material should be fad to the rolls in a wide, but exceedingly thin stream, only about one partiole thiok, in order that the flattened metallic granules may not become broken up between the ore particles during the reduction of the latter. This careful feeding of the material during the recrushing operation can be readily performed by means of an adjustable roller feed, as is common in the art. The reorushed material is again screened by slotted screens as before, the size of the screening slots being preferably about equal to the distance between the crushing rolls. In this recrusliing operation, the bulk - Bay about 98^ - of the material will pass through the screens, while the concentrates, amounting, say, to about 2^ of the recruBhed material, will be very rich in silver, sinoe the effect of the recrushing operation will be to increase the area of the metallic particles, many of which are thus enlarged sufficiently to be caught by the second screens. The operations described are repeated as many times as may be desired, the material being successively passed between crushing rolls in a very thin stream, and the width of the gap betv/een the crushing rollB being gradually lessened, and after each crushing operation the material being preferably passed over slotted screens, proportioned as explained, to the gap between the rolls of the immediately preceding crushing operation, whereby there will be removed from the crushed material after eaoh crushing operation, the metallic granules whose area haB beun sufficiently increased to be caught by the corres¬ ponding screens. In this way, a very small percentage of the material, rich in silver, will be retained as the tailings of each of the screens. TOien the ore has in this way been reduoed to a fine powder, the bulk of the metal¬ lic silver originally contained in the ore, will be re- 4. tained in the concentrates. If desired, the concentrates may now he treated in any suitable way for the final and complete separation of the metal, or instead the concen¬ trates may he concentrated hy successive crushing and screening operations, as explained, so as to obtain a very much richer product. While I have referred herein to the importance of feeding the material to the rolls in the several recrushing operations, in the form of a sheet, substantially only a single particle thick, the same pre¬ caution can with good results he observed in connection with the first crushing operation, although I do not con¬ sider it so necessary as in connection with the succeed¬ ing recrushings. Although I have described ray improved process in connection with the concentration of arsenical cobalt silver ores, it will be understood that it may be successfully carried out in connection with any ores carrying froe metal in the proper form and in sufficient quantity to warrant the expense, the important considera¬ tion being that the metal should exist in such condition that v/hen subjected to a oruBhing effect, the hulk of the non-raetallio material will he reduced in size, while the area of the metallic particles will he increased to per¬ mit separation by screening operations, as explained. Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to seoure by letters Patent, iB as follows: 1. The Njjrooess of concentrating ores, containing free metallio granuleB>^uch as arsenioal cobalt Bilver ores, which consists in orushing the ore to a predetermined maHmnm size, whereby the non-metail'iqmaterial will be > oruBhed and a portion of the metallio grantors will be 6. inoreased in area, and in finally subjecting the crushed material to a screen whose mesh is substantially equal to the maximum size of the non-metallio partioles, whereby the bulk of the material will pass through the same, leav¬ ing in the small proportion of tailings, an inoreased peroentage of the motallio granules, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. / The process of concentrating ores, containing free metallic granules, such as arsenical oobalt silver ores, which consists in subjecting the ore in a very thin ItoCtfacttnl (UjytJLtA, iheot^to a crushing/ offept^ so as to reduce the same to a predetermined maximum size, whereby the non-metallio mater¬ ial will be crushed, and a portion of the metallic granules will be inoreased in urea, and in finally subjecting the crushed material to a screen whose mesh is substantially equal to the maximum size of the non-metallio particles, whereby the bulk of the material v/ill pass through the same, leav'.ng in the small proportion of tailings, an in¬ creased percentage of the metallic granules, substantially as and for the purposes sot forth. 3. The prooess of concentrating ores, containing free metallio granules , suoh as arsenical oobalt Bilver ores, which consists ill subjecting the oreB to successively finer crushing opera tions^whereby the non-metallio parti¬ cles will be gradually reducecKin size, while at each pass i portion of the metallio granulefcswlll be inoreased in area, and in subjecting the crushed material, after each orushing action to a screening operation^Spermitting the bulk of the material to pass the Bame, and }^sving in the small proportion of the tailings of each soreeniiim opera¬ tion an inoreased peroentage of the metallio granule} substantially as and for the purposes set forth, v 4. The process of conoontrating oros, containing free metallic granules, suoh as arsenical oobal.t silver ores, which consists in subj .. . , a very tnin sheatA to success whereby the non-metallic particles will be gradually re¬ duced in size, while at each pass a portion of the metal¬ lic granules will be increased in area, and in subjecting the crushed material, after each crushing aotion, to a screening operation, permitting the bulk of the material to pass the same, and leaving in the small proportion of the tailings of each soreening operation an increased percentage of the metallic granules, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. oouiijg uw ore in cnu a;orm ox ive^jr finey , -crushing operations 5. The proooss of concentrating ores containing free metallic gramiles , such as arsenical cobalt silver ores, which oonsistsxin crushing the ore to a predetermined maximum size, than in subjecting the crushed material to a screen whoso mesh is substantially the same maximum size, whereby the bull: of the Material will pass the same, leaving in thn small proportion of tailings an increased percentage of the metal, then in subj edging the screened material to a recrushing operation to further reduce the Bize of the non-metallic portion thereof, anci'to increase the area of a portion of the metallic particles, and in finally subjecting the recrushed material to a finer scree) ing operation, whereby a further concentration takes place substantially as and for the purposes set forth. f. The prooesB of concentrating ores, containing free metallio granules, such as arsenioal cobalt silver ores, which oonsists in crushing the ore to a predetermined maximum size, then in subjecting the crushed material to a screen whose mesh is substantially the same maximum size, whereby the bulk of the material will pass the same , leaving in the small proportion of tailings an inoroaaed percentage of the metal, then in subjecting the screened material in L the form of a very thin stream, substantially only a single part.iclo thick, to a finer recrushing operation t'o further reduce the non-metallic portion thereof and to increase the area of a portion of the metallic partioleB, and in finally subjecting the reorushed material to a finer screening operation, whereby a further concentration takes plaoe, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. able specification signet) ant) witnessed tbis >/ bap of 190 L Cf . < _ . Witnesses : •c <-/. -X2L_ ©atb. State of mew 3ersep Count? of Essex | ss„ thovas alva KDisoii tbe above namet) petitioner, being bulp sworn, beposes anb saps tbat be is a citi3en of tbetfiniteb States, anb a resibent Of Llevellyn Park, Orange), County of Eaaex and State of Hew Jersey; tbat be verilp believes biinseif to be tbe original, first anb sole inventor of tbe improvements in process op coisc eh'diatxiig silver orbs, bescrlbeb anb claimeb in tbe annexeb specification; tbat be boes not ftnow anb boes not believe tbat tbe same was ever (mown or useb before bis invention or biscoverp thereof ; or patenteb or bescrlbeb in an? printeb publication in tbe Tfiniteb States of Hmerlca or an? foreign countr? before bis invention or biscover? thereof, or more than two pears prior to this application ; or patenteb in an? countr? foreign to tbe ‘Clniteb States on an application fileb more than twelve months prior to tbis application ; or in public use or on sale in tbe Ulniteb States for more than two pears prior to tbis application; anb tbat no application for patent upon saib invention has been fileb b? him or bis legal representatives or assigns in an? foreign countr?. ch. Sworn to anb subscribeb before me tbis >C bap of . [Seal] tflotarp public. Honorable Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. S i r : — Enclosed please find check for fifteen dollars ($15.00) filing fee together with specification an the application of Thomas A. Edison, PROCESS OP C01TCEHTRATIHG SILVER ORES. Kindly acknowledge receipt. PDL/ifJL Respectfully, 2-179. '‘Thow«Zlg,‘orD.°c."‘'’'’1’' department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.,‘T’an* 2 , 190 7 Sir: I have to acknowledge the receipt of your informal applica¬ tion fofPatent , the title of whioh is improvement in process of Concentrating Silver Ores . This application is informal because a diaf5r5r.1an.tic drawing is required by the Examiner. Very respectfully. Thomas A. Edison, 0/0 Prank L. Dyer, Commissioner of Patents. Edison Lnh oratory, Orange, II. J. Note.— Xu order to coustitute mi application for a patent, tho invoutor is by law required to furnish liis potition, specification, oath, and drawings (where tho nature of tho caso admits of drawings) and to pay tho required fco. No application is considered complete, nor can any official action bo had thereon, until all its parts, as hero specified, aro furnished in duo form by tho invoutor or applicaut. HONORABLE COi'.L'ISSIOIiER Of PAffiKXS, WASHINGTON, 3). 0. SIR: — Regarding the alleged informal application of Thoms A. Edison for PROCESS 0? CONCENTRATING SILVER ORES, referred to in your letter of the 2nd inot., it is respectfully submitted that the praotioe which has here¬ tofore been followed in similar cases should be followed in the present case, I.e. that the application should be accepted, referred to the primary examiner, and upon the request of the latter to furnish a drawing, the ques¬ tion could then be presented by petition to the Commis¬ sioner in person. In the present case it is not thought that a drawing is necessary, but as tue invention is im¬ portant and as applicant does not wish to delay obtaining a definite date of application, a drawing is submitted herewith, I request, therefore, that the application be amended as follows: Insert at the end of the specification on page 5, — In order that the invention may be more fully understood, attention is directed to tile accompanying drawing illustrating a suitable apparatus in connection with wiiioh the prooess may be carried into effect. In this drawing figure 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the apparatus illustrating the crushing rolls in the position for the first pass; figure 2, u plan view of one of the screens for screening the material after the first crushing operation; figure 3, a view similar to figure 1, showing the orushing rolls in position for the second pass; figure 4, a plan view of one of the screens for screening the material after the second orushing oper- ation; Figure 5, a view similar to Figures 1 and 3, show¬ ing the crushing rolls in position for the third crushing operation, and Figure .6, a plan view of the screen for screening the material after the third crushing operation. In these views corresponding parts are represented by the same numerals of reference. 1 represents a Hopper in which the material iB placed; 2 a roller food for delivering material from the hopper in a vary thin, wide stream; .3-3 are the crushing rolls; 4-4 represent a series of screens located below the crushing rolls for screening the product delivered therefrom; chocking shelves 5. are used to check the velocity of the material passing over the screens so as to secure a maximum screening effect. The screens as shown ( see Fig. 2 ) are preferably provided with elongated slots which X have found permit of a much more perfect screening operation than if round or rectangular holes are used as with ordinary screens. Screens of this character are fulty disclosed in my patent No. 675, 057 dated May 28, 1901, to which reference is directed for details of con¬ struction. As shown, the width of the screening clots is sub¬ stantially equal to the distance between the crushing rolls whereby the greater bulk of the material crushed passes through the screens, while the tailings will contain any larger metallic, particles whose area may have been in¬ creased by the crushing operation. The tailings are oarriad off by conveyor 6 while the screenings may be delivered by conveyor J.- In Figure 3, the crushing rolls 3-3. are shown as being set somewhat closer together so as to effect a further reduction. These may bo the same rolls aB shown in Figure 1, or a second set of rolls. 2. Iii the latter ouss the screenings from the oonvsyor £ may lie delivered to the hopper 1 of the second rolls by a oonveyor .8 Indicated In dotted lines. The screens for use ut tU the second set of crushing rolls as shown in Figure 4 are provided with slots substantially equal to the distance between the rolls whereby the small pro¬ portion of tailings will oontain the enlarged metallic particles whoso area may have been increased by the rolls. In Figure 3, the rolls 3-3, are shown as being still closer together so as to offoot tho further reduction, while the screens for use therewith., as shown in Figure 6, are provided with slots equal substantially to the distance between the rolls. These rolls, if desired, may be an independent set of rolls or they may be the same noils as in Figure 1 which have been adjusted more closely together. In the former case the soroonings from the second set of rolls may be convoyed to the hopper of the third set by means of a conveyor £ shown in dotted lines. -- In view of tho above amendment it is hoped the ease may now be aoceptod by the Office. Very respectf ully, THOMAS A. EDISON By ‘if. - — Orange, New Jersey January s*/ 1907. His Attorney M.E.C. .....2gRoom . 3X5 / :"'^v J ah . ‘ date of filing, mid title of invention. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C., ^ y ^ # fV ;v ; M*R 5 lg«- " I . I Thomas A. Edison, Care Prank X. Dyer, Orange, Now Taroey , Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of #352,417, filed January 15, 1907, for Process of Concentrating Silver,. Oro- &J, cm^ Whatever there^may he of process set forth in the claims in this case, is old in 229,669, Burgess, July 6, 1880, Ore and Coal, Washers, H, and the claims are accordingly rejected. Applicant has merely duplicated the steps of the BurgesB process, 4m which there is no invention. Moreover, the claims are anticipated in 162,157, Downton, April 20, 1875; also in 267,016, Prinz, Nov. 7, 1882, PI our Processes.. Examiner, Div.XXV. IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICB. Thomas A. Edison ) ) PROCESS OP OOHCENTRATINC- ) SILVER ORES ) ) Room Wo, STD Piled January 15, 1907 ) Serial No. 352,417 ) HONORABLE COJO/ISSIOliBR OR PATENTS: SIR : — It is respectfully submitted that the rejection of the claims contained in the Examiner's communication of March 5, 1907 should be reconsidered and the claims allowed. The invention of this application is based upon the discovery by the applicant that the special ores operated upon oontain particles of silver in it.B free metallic state. This fact is believed to have been un¬ known before its discovery by the applicant, as no reference has been cited to show that this fact was formerly known, but oven if known, the question of patentability would not be affected. Of course the applicant is not entitled to a patent for this discovery, but the process by whioh he takes advantage of the discovery to recover the Bilver found to exist in the ore in its free metallic Btate, is the proper subject matter for a patent. The claims are drawn to cover this process and it is believed that they should therefore be allowed. Of the reference patents, those relating to flour milling are not in any way pertinent to the present sub¬ ject matter, and it is believed that in considering the patentability of this application, these patents cannot be S 1. consider ad as constl fcutiug any part of the prior art. The onlj- patent. which appears to have any pertinency whatever in the patent to Burgesa, :Jo ,2':9 , 669 , which covers a pr oc esc of s operating graphite from foreign matter. The material upon v.-jjioh Burgeas operated was fine aand or gravel con¬ taining particles of graphite. Applicant operates upon a composite hotly of oro which is substantially rock and which applicant has discovered to contain particles of free silver. It is submitted that a person who had nothing before him except this patent to Burgess, for separating graphite from sand and gravel, would obtain therefrom no suggestion as to ho 7/ to proceed to recover the free particles of silver in the rook classes of the ore in which it is found. This is tho more apparent since metallurgists have had access to the disclosure of toe Burgas 11 patent for nearly thirty years , and so far as applicant knows and believes, and 30 far as the record of this case discloses, no one has heretofore conceived or adopted the process of recovering silver from tho ore which forms the subject matter of this application. If the Examiner will attempt to read the claims of this application upon the Burgess patent, he will see that the claim As already limited heyond the disclosure of that patent, and contains a number of steps not disclosed in tho patent. This is necessarily true because of tho dif¬ ference in tho materials operated upon. It seems apparent, therefore, that the applicant 3ias discovered a new scientif¬ ic. principle, which he can protect only by claims for the pro coso in vhitjh that principle is successfully made use of; that the Burgess patent is designed to operate upon a material which is of a very different nature from the ma¬ terial operated upon by the present applicant; that this patent contains no suggestion of the prooess to be prao- 2. ad upon such different imperial; that although the genii patent has been before mineralogists for upwards twenty-five years, no one has heretofore thought of lying or applied this principle to the recovery of vor from the ore; and that the claims as already sub ted are not readable upon the disclosure of the Burge ent, and for these reasons it is submitted that the miner should reconsider and allow the cla ime in their sent form, and such action is respectfully requested. THOMAS A. ifftlfo/j By np;o , 3Tov.* J or soy His Attorney, ember ICO'/. ii—SOO. :viEO DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, Washington, d. c., December 12, 1907. Thomas A. Bdison, ^ ;;;C, Care Prank L. Dyer, \Jr-£ 12 I3v7. Orange, N.J. * Please find below a communication, from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. Ho, 352, 417, filed January 15, 1907, for Process of Concentrating Silver Ores. Commissioner of Patents. Case as argued November 26, 1907, further considered. / Hie claims are rejected as destitute of Invention in view of 28,^99, Parrott, May 29, I860 ; ,644^180 , Lane, pebruqry 27, 1900, Crushing Rolls, D; and 644, l&l, Lane, Neb. 27, 1900, Separators, Dry, and the references of record. There is no invention in the application of the step by step process of reduction with intervening separation by screening, in view of the references. Bxaainer, Division XXV. IN THIS UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE jj Thomas A. Edison ) ' PROCESS OP CONCENTRATING ) SILVER ORES ) ) Piled January 15, 1907 ) Serial No. 552,417 ) HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS: In response to Office action of ■December 12, 1907, please amend the above entitled case as follows: Cancel Claims 1, 5 and 5 and renumber Claims 2, 4 and 6 aB 1, 2 and 5 respectively. s\ Add the following claims: - 4. In apparatus for concentrating ores containing free metallic granules, the combination of a series of crushing rolls, through which the ores are successively passed, the gap between each pair of rolls in the series successively diminishing in width, meajis for feeding the ores through the various pairs of rolls, adjusted to allow the ore to be fed therethrough only and screens interposed between the pairs of rolls of the series, having elongated slots of a width in eaoh case sub¬ stantially the same as that of the gap between the pair of rollB above the Bame, substantially as set forth. 5* m apparatus f or'Vpncentrating ores containing jfree metallio granules, the combination of a series of (1) crushing rolls, thrtaigh which the ores are successively passed, the gap between each pair of rolls in the series successively diminishing, in width, means for feeding the oreB through the various^ pairs of rolls, adjusted to allow the ore to he fed theretriro\gh only in a thin, wide stream, and screens interposed betweeri the pairs of rolls of the series, having elongated slots V a width in each case sub¬ stantially the same as that \ of thW gap between the pair of rolls above the same, and, means nor conveying the material which passes each screen to \he feed for the next pair of rolls, substantially as sot forth. - REMARKS The process claims remaining in the case are thought to patentably distinguish from the references in that each one of the same is limited to the process of subjecting the ore in the form of a very thin sheet or stream to the various crushing operations. This idea of so regulating the feed that the ore shall pasB through the rolls in a thin stream substantially only a single particle thick, iB of particular value in this connection, since thereby the raetallio particleB which are flattened by their passage through the rolls, are not likely to be broken by being pressed between particles of the ore. The two claims newly added are thought to patentably distinguish in the specif io details of the apparatus Bhown for carrying out applicant's process. ReoonBideration and allowance of the whole oase are requested. Respectfully submitted. THOMAS A. EDISON By Orange, New Jersey December 8, 1908. His Attorney -,;e- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, d. c., Deo. 15, 1908. Tlioo. A. Edison, o/o SrarikL. Orange , •• *brw, f OtC I ;i 19D8 >- 1 ■ ■ V .FRANK Li; J DEC i Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER ip. charge of your application, Ho. 352, 417, filed Jan. 15, 1907, for Process of Concentrating Silver Ooae ao amended Dooember 10, 1908, further considered. Applicant is required to file a new oath, the present oath being defootive in that it is not broad enough to include the apparatus now olaimed, and in that it is atteated J^r a notary public who 1b applicant's attorney in this application. See opinion of the Attorney General, 137 0.0. 3643; and Xho Halls’ Safe Co. ▼. Horring, “ Hall "Marvin Safe Co., 135 0.0. 1804. The amendment to the oode of the Diatriot nof Columbia on whibh said opinions are based, was approved June 39, 1906, and henoe applies to the oath in this application which was axsouted six months subsequently. The question of division or the propriety of admitting apparatus claims where a drawing did not fora part of the application as originally filed, is not entirely groe from doubt and consideration will be deferred. The 1st 3nd and 3rd olaims are rejeoted in view of the references of reoord, the manner of feed cot rendering the prooess a patantably different one, involving as it does substantially only differonoe of degree and regulation diotated by judgmentover the ordinary feed, it being usual to feed in a thin sheet to^oruahing rolls (see 239,669, Burgess, of reoord - line 4*; 345,463, Duvall, August 9, 1881, Bead Hogulators, B; and 287,4126, looker, Oct. 23, 352,417 - 2 1883, Food Regulators, B. ) Claim 4 is raj eotsd in view of Prinz of record, referonoes oited above, and the screen of applicant's patent 675,057, Hay 28, 1901, Sifters and Screens, A. Claim 5 is rej eoted in view of the i io. This claim and the 4th ezpress a mere aggregation of elements old in the prior art in the same sequence as in Prinz. For further view of prior art, see the foeder and the screen U of 637,327, Edison, Hovember 21, 1899, Crushing Rolls, B. Examiner, Div XXV. IN TUB UNITED STATES PATENT OPE ICE ThomaB A. Edison : PROCESS OE CONCENTRATING : SILVER ORES Piled Jan. 15, 1$>07 Serial Ho. 352,417 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OE PATENTS SIR; Room No. 315. In response to rejection of Booember 16, 1^08, please amend the above entitled oaso as follows ^ Page 1 of the Specification, line 4, insert - and apparatus for - before "concentrating". \/‘ Claim 1, line 4, after "sheet" insert - substantially only a single particle thick - . v Claim 2, lino 4, after "sheet" insert - substantially only a single particle thick - . * Claim 4, line 7, after "stream" insert - substantially only a single particle thick - . V Cancel Claim 5. REMARKS Applicant will file a new oath as required by the Examiner before the application goes to issue. Reconsideration and allowance of the olaims as now amended are respectfully requested. None of the references discloses a process for concentrating ores (1) containing free metallic granules, which consists in pass¬ ing the ore through a series of crushing operations so arranged that the non-metallio material will he crushed and. those metallic granules which are sufficiently large will he increased in area each operation and screened out, the ore being fed to the crushing moans in a very thin stream or sheet of substantially the thickness of only a single particle of the material. By this means the metal is recovered by purely mechanical means v/ithout loss from breakage such as would ocour if the matorial were fed in a thicker stream. Of the references oited by the Examiner to show that it is old to feed matorial in a thin sheet to crushing rolls, one reference, Burgess, has to deal with a non-metallic material, graphite, while the other references refer to flour milling, which is an entirely non-analogous art, and in which it is not an object to prevent the breaking up of the particles crushed as in applicant’s case. furthermore, the process of running the material repeatedly tlirough crushing rolls in a thin stream as specified, to inorease the area each time of such metallio granules as have previously passed through the crushing rolls to separate out the same, is new. Claim 4, drawn to apparatus, is thought to be patentable for the reasons just advanoed in the case of the process claims. Hone of the references diBoloses rolls which are adjusted to allow the ore to be fed there¬ through only in a thin wide stream of substantially the thickness of one particle. Claim 5 has been canoeled as unnecessary. final action is requested. Respectfully submitted. Orange, N. J. .December 14, 19o9, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C., Jan. H, 19010. Thomas A. Edison, o/o Frank I.. Dyer, Orange, II: J. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, Ho.36-.',417, .filed Jan. IS, 1907, for ^rpceas of Concentrating Commissioner of Patents, Case further considered as amended Deo. IP, 1909. The question of division -'ill not he raised, it appearing that the process and apparatus my he joined in this particular application. The reference to u drawing in tho office letter of Deo. 15, 1900, was unwarranted , since a drawing was filed on Jan. 15, 1.907, the date of completion of tho application. This was over¬ looked because of a pencil notation hy the application clerk on the face of the file obscuring the subsequent entry of a dr-wing. The remaining defect, as to the oath not including an apparatus, will, it is presumed he cured when the new oath is supplied. The claims are rejected as destitute of invention in view pf the references of record. The distinctions over the proeosa of Dane lie in the regulation of the feed to rolls and screen mesh; and in view of the fact of the necessity of a thin feed to tie crushing rolls in a strictly analogous process being disclosed in Burgess, it does not appear tfait the specif io degree of regulation makes the process patcntably different from Lane's. (See the last line, page 1, of applicant's patent #675,057; and the last, raragraph, page 3, and lines 30-45, page 4, of applicant's patent #637,327). jJP . v" V* ’ V* ”52, 417 - 2 The apparatus claim (the 4th) involves the interposition of screens such as are disclosed in applicant! 3 patent #037,527, between each of a series of rolls such as those of Lane, #644,180. in view of linos 3—12, page 2 of said Lane patent, such arrangement does not appear to involve more than judicious selection from the prior art; while the feed adjustment is a common feature disclosed in applicant's own patent #637,327. Feodors for adjusting the thlokness of feed being old and common, the speoific degree of adjustment, which is rarely one of the capabilities of the machine, does not make the machine t atentably different. Kxaminer, Div. 25, I IT TIE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Thomas A. Edison PROCESS OF CONCENTRATING SILVER ORE Filed January 15, 1907 Serial Ho. 352,417 ) j I ) Room No. 515. HONORABLE COHEISSIONER OF PATENTS SIR: In response to the Office action of January 11, 1910, please amend this application as fol¬ lows In the fourth line from the Bottom of page 2, change "tailings" to - screenings - . R E 11 A R K S Applicant will file a new oath as required ty the Examiner Before the application goeB to iBsue. Reconsideration and allowance of the claimB in their present form are respectfully requested. Hone of the references discloses a process for concentrating ores containing free metallic granules, which consists in pass¬ ing the ore through a series of crushing operations so arranged that the non-metallio material, will Be crushed and those metalllo granules which are sufficiently large will Be increased in area each operation and screened out, (1) the ore being fed to the crushing means in a very thin stream or sheet of substantially the thickness of only a single particle of the material. That portion of appli¬ cant's prior patent No. 675,057 referred to particularly by the Examiner, namely, the last line of page 1 of said patent, discloses the feeding of the material in a stream having a uniform thickness of one or two particles. The object of having such a thiokness is to secure satisfac¬ tory screening. In this patent, the material is not fed to crushing rolls at all. In the prooess set forth in Claims 1 to 3 Inclusive of this application, the material is fed to crushing rolls in a very thin sheet substantial¬ ly only a single particle thick, and the object of this is to prevent the flattened metallic granules from being broken up between the ore particles during the reduction of the latter. See the sentence beginning in the 4th line from the bottom of page 3 of thiB application. Appli¬ cant had no such object in view in his prior patent No. 675)05 7. The Examiner Ka also referred to tho last para¬ graph, page 3, and lines 30 to 45, page 4, of applicant's prior patent No. 637)527. This patent merely states that the ore iB fed in a stream of even thickness, and the ma¬ terial is fed to the crushing rolls aB fast as they can take care of it. In the present application, by feeding the ore to the rolls in '.thin sheets substantially only a single particle thick, a new result is attained, which was not contemplated in the prior patents Nos. 657,327 and 675,057. While in the patent to Burgess, No. 229,669, the material 1b fed to the crushing rollers in a thin (2) stream, there is no disclosure of the regulation of such, thin stream to the specific thickness which is set forth in these claims. Inasmuch as a new and useful result is obtained by having the matorial of this specif io thickness, it is believed that this limitation constitutes a patent- able distinction. 21ie patents to Lane Nos. 644,180 and 644,181 do not disclose the feeding of the material in a thin sheet. Neither do these patents show a screen for each sot of rolls. For the reasons set forth above and also in the remarks accompanying prior amendments, it is believed that Claims 1, 2 and 5 covering the process should be allov/od. Referring to Claim 4 which relates to the appar¬ atus used in carrying out the process, it is noted that none of the references shows the means for feeding the ores through the various pairs of rolls adjusted to allow the ore to be fed therethrough only in a thin wide stream substantially only a single particle thick. The advant- particular age of this pcawdclsaasat. thickness has been discussed above and is set forth in the specification. Furthermore, in I the this claim, the arrangement . of /screens is Bet forth and the relation between the v/ldths of the screen openings and the gaps between the pairs of rolls is Btated. It is believed that the claimB now in the case oover an invention of merit v/hlch is patentable over the references. An allowance of these claims is therefore earnestly requested. If, however, the Examiner again rejects these claims, he is asked to make his action final, in order that applicant may have an opportunity to appeal. Respectfully submitted, I Orange, N. J. JDeoember , 1910. 0 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON J; .-11. 3, 1911, Thor us A. ''il '.fi on, c/o It'runi: 1,. Byer, Orange , J. Please find below a communication, from llio EXAMINER in charge of your application. l!o. 3:52, 417, filed Jan. Silver Ores. 15, 1907, for Prooess of Concentrating Thio application further considered an amended and argued Pec. 20, 1910. The claim are again and finally rn, looted for reasons and upon the references stated in the lust office Hotter. If the smaller particles are removed by screening and the largr-r particles are delivered with npacos between them (line 81, 42, page 4 of #637, therein 327, Edison) , to rolls, it appears that applicant discloses the feeding of the material in a leyer a single particle thick to the rolls (and see "having a uniform thickness of one or two particles", last line, page 1, and first line, page 2 of #675,057, Edison of reoord) . it is held not to involve invention to apply this manner of feed in Burgess or Lane of record. The formal requirements rust he oomplied with before appeal i Examiner, Biv. 25, IH THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. THOMAS A. EDISON ) PROCESS OF CONCENTRATING j SILVER ORES . Filed. January 15, 1907 • Serial No. 352,417 \ Room No. 315. HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, SIR: The accompanying oath is filed in the above entitled case in order to put the same in con¬ dition for appeal. Respectfully, THOMAS A. EDISON Byg His Attorney. Orange, New Jersey, January / j , 1911. State of New Jersey, ) County of Essex. ) ; THOMAS ALVA EDISON, who on or about January 15, 1907, filed in the United States Patent Office, Application Serial No, 352,417 for Letters Patent for improvements in PROCESS OP CONCENTRATING SILVER ORES, being duly sworn, deposes and says that he is a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and State of New Jersey; that he verily believes himself to he the original, first and sole inventor of the Improvements in PROCESS OP AND APPARATUS POR CONCENTRATING SILVER ORES, described and claimed in the said application; that he does not know and does not believe that the Bame was ever used or known before his invention thereof; or patented or described in any printed publication in the United States of America, or any foreign country before his invention or discovery thereof, or more than two years prior to said application; or patented in any country foreign to the United States on an appli¬ cation filed more than twelve months prior to said appli¬ cation; or in public use or on sale in the United StateB for more than two years prior to said application; and that no application for patent upon said invention has Seen filed by him or his legal representatives or assigns in any foreign country prior to said application. \/Zt-o.y$. fatten,, n Sworn to and subscribed before me this / J ^ day of 1911. (/uJL) a- i/^. _ Notary Public . DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 0- WASHINGTON ,Tan. 21, 1911. Thomas A. Edison, o/o Frank T,. Dyer, Orango, JT. J-jj Please find, below a communication from the EXAMINER X "£e of your application. No. 3.02,417, filed Jun. 15, 1907, for Procosa of Concentrating Silver ores. _ Commissioner of Patents. This application further considered as brought up by letter and oath filed .ran. 19, 1911. The filing and on try of the oath place this application in condition for appeal. Examiner, Div. 20.. December 22, 1911, Mr. Edison: - F01I0 280 - PROCESS OF CONCENTRATING SILVER ORES The olaims in this application have been finally rejeoted. If the application is to be prosecuted further, an appeal must be taken. The principal references are the patents to Burgess, Ho. 229,669 and lane. No. 644,180. The patent to Burgess shows a prooess of separating graph¬ ite from foreign mineral matter, whioh oonsists in flattening the graphite and pulverizing the foreign mineral, and separating the flattened flakes of graphite from the pulverized mineral by screen¬ ing. The patent to Dane shows apparatus for separating mall¬ eable metals,- particularly copper, from the rook, sand or gravel with whioh they are mixed as found in nature. The mixture is passed between a series of rolls, the distanoe between the rolls of each pair being a trifle less than the distanoe between the rolls of the pair preceding it in aoting upon the material. Screens are provided at intervals for separating the flattened metal particles from the orushed rook, eto. See particularly Fig. 1. The olaims in your application in their present form are all limited to feeding the material in a thin stream substan¬ tially only a single partiole thiok. There is a fair ohanoe of seouring the allowance of some olaims over the references, inasmuoh Mr. Edison - #2 as the references do not show means for controlling the thiokness of the stream of material fed to eaoh suooessive pair of rolls. Do you wish us to take an appeal on this oase? HI-JS legal Department. fh -Y- ** 'ZT -T±i- , v- /*- — L add Serial No.aim4..s3L/..tO^ my~ — - Examiner’s Room No. _ £J—^— Patent Nn.^ b . 3 3^.... Issued -^hjOCx-lj-^f-La — 2 _ J7 1 7_ 5./L^k^M2^ 'iz. 1 9 _ _ _ 20 _ 21 _ _ 9 Z! _ -11 _ Jud—k^ J>.+l4-£&- 24, ...A - jd_L — # FRANK L. DYER, Counsel, Orange, New Jersey ■ iyhc-j ? n r r ,-r . -e- te^arpc*^ -k *• ^f-^^-v! •A~*. r»— ^ -g*- jT1^ " " ' { ^7 f7 rf 3U w^r - *1 : j | ^ ^ '"/''a'C"’ ' >• | -A- / ^ — vj”*4- Stf (3-* - v —^7“ V, „ .MS— T ? o-^ ^ ■ ^ / P uo -/ — u^t^— \A—*s~ , . g.e^'Za tzx^, -** -§~~ . L ir*~'Xlu g^t^afc. ^saSSj* • ^•^SxP^-rT - *-r "6 .A. UjLe. ■“- "Snfelpr"-** Y . C.6L* ^ ^ f73 -r -t-ra r~ fea#,1: Siitsw at iVwbVv gUVs- i -A petition. 3To tfje Commissioner of patent#: gour petitioner thomas a. kdi s oh a citijen of tfje tlniteb States, resting anti fjabing a Post (Office abbress at Llewellyn Park, Orange, in the County of Essex and State of lie?/ Jersey praps tfjat fetters patent map be granteb to bint for tfje improbements in TELEPHONES Set fortfj in tfje annexeb specification; anb fje fjerebp appoints jfranU 3L ©per (Registration Jfo. 560), of ©range, i2eto fersep, fjis attornep, toitfj fuff potoer of Substitution anb rebocation, to prosecute tfjis application, to rnalte alterations anb amenbtnents tfjerein, to receibe Hjc patent, anb to transact all business in tfje Patent ©ffice connecteb tfjeretm'tfj. - SPECIFICATION - TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; BE IT KNOWN, that I, THOMAS A. EDISON, a citizen of the United States and a resident of Llewellyn Park, Orange, in the County of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful improvements in TELEPHONES, of which the following is a description: My invention relates to improvements in tele¬ phones, and my object is to provide a telephone in which sounds of great volume will he obtained at the receiving devioe. I aim particularly to produce an improved tele¬ phone in which batteries and induction coils may be dis¬ pensed with, it being possible with my apparatus to obtain a very loud reproduction at the receiver by the ubo of transmitters of the earliest magneto type, in which the vibration of a diaphragn under the influence of sound waves in proximity to the pole or poles of an eleotro-mag- net will induoe currents in the ooil or coils thereof corresponding graphically in form to the sound waves. The invention comprises at each station a very small direct current magneto generator having a revolving armature of small diameter and with numerous coils, and turning at a high speed, the receiver being in circuit with the armature and being actuated by the current gener¬ ated thereby. Mounted upon one or both of the fields of the magneto at each station, is a coll in the line cir¬ cuit whereby the undulatory currents on the line will effect corresponding variations in the magnetic fields_ of the magnetos* By thus operating the armature #se of the magneto at each station in a varying field, the variations of which are controlled hy the undulatory cur¬ rents generated or controlled hy the transmitting devices, I cause the current generated at each magneto to he cor¬ respondingly varied so as to reproduce the sounds in the usual receiving apparatus.. Since, however, the current generated at each magneto will he enormously more power¬ ful than the current which is generated or controlled hy the transmitting devices, I obtain a much greater ampli¬ fication than if the line currents were received hy the receiver directly. In other words, with my improved tele¬ phone, the lino currents instead of directly actuating the receiver, are used to control the magnetic conditions of the generator, the currents of which are many times more powerful than those originally generated or produced. Con¬ sequently, suoh a receiving apparatus might if desired he effectively used as a telephonio relay, reoeiving from one circuit currents which control the magnetio condition of the generating apparatus and sending out on the succeeding circuit amplified ourrents generated hy the rotating arma¬ ture. The armatures of the generators may he operated in any suitable way, hut I prefer for this purpose to make use of small spring motors, Buo'n as are now used for the opera¬ tion of phonographs, and which can ho readily arranged to turn the armature at a speed of 5000 revolutions per min¬ ute for from five to fifteen minutes. Suoh a Bpring motor can he wound up hy hand from time to time, or it may he automatically wound when the reoeiver 1b removed from the hook, or hy the weight of the operator, as will he under¬ stood. While I prefer, for the sake of simplicity of con¬ struction, to make use of an ordinary magneto transmitter at each station, it will bo understood that, the line cur¬ rents for varying the field of the generator at eaoh. statior , may be produced or obtained in other ways, as for example, by the common arrangement of a variable resistance trans¬ mitter with battery, either operated alone or in combina¬ tion with an induction coil. In order that the invention may be better under¬ stood, attention is directed to the accompanying drawings of which - Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing a single receiving station, and illustrating a magneto transmitter; Figure 2 is an enlarged front elevation of the magneto generator operated by a spring motor, and Figure 3 is a plan view of the same. 1_ represents a very Bmall magneto generator, having fields 2 and armature 3, the latter being preferably about l/2 inoh in diameter and l/2 inch in length, and having as many coils thereon as possible, in order that the current generated thereby may be as free as possible from fluctua¬ tions due to the armature construction. For the same pur¬ pose the speed of rotation should be very high, so tEhat any fluctuations in the armature circuit will be rendored practically inaudible at the receiver. 7/ith an armature of the size above indicated the commutator may be provided with as many as 24 segments and the armature may be rotated at as high a speed as five thousand revolutions per minute. The brushes 4, and £ of each generator bear on the com¬ mutator 6_ in the usual way and connect with the usual tele¬ phone receiver Mounted on one or both of tho fieldB 2 of eaoh generator is a coil 8 in the line oircuit 9, an all metal oircuit being shown for the purpose of illustration. 3. At each Btation I illustrate an ordinary magneto transmit¬ ter 10 for generating very weak alternating currents cor¬ responding graphically to the sound waveB and which actuate the coils IB, so as to vary the magnetic conditions of the fields in which the armatures .3 rotate, whereby the current generated by each generator will likewise correspond gra¬ phically to the sound waves, but with an enormous amplifi¬ cation. For driving the armature 3. of each generator, I illustrate a spring motor, the spring being contained in the barrel 11, and the speed being regulated by a centri¬ fugal governor 12 ,as in ordinary phonograph motorB. Having now described my invention, what 1 claim as new and deBire.to secure by letters patent, is as follows: 1. toi a telephonic apparatus, the combination with a rotat ing 'armature for generating. a continuous pulsating currentXa- 4 a closed circuit therefrom, of means for varyi(ng, the^magnetic field in whiefc the anmature noitcfces in. .correspondence v/ith sound vibrations, as and ^foi>t he purposes set forti^V 2. In a telephonic apparatus, the combination with a rotating armature for geneV^ating "a continuous pulsating current and atelephone ^receiyer ip circuit therewith, of means -for varying th,e field to waeh- ttn? a^iotune^otetes- in correspondence with'sPjind vibrations, ^as^an'd for the purposes set forth. 3. In a telephonic apparatus, the combination with a rotat ing armature for generating a continuous pulsating current and a closed circuit therefrom, of * 0 octroi lint/ coil for varying the .magnetic field -in which the armature rotates , and' "means for actuating said coil with a'^vh^ying current corresponding graphically with sound 'wav e^jas and for the purposes set forth. \ telephonic apparatus, the combination with a rotating armbkture for generating a continuous ^pulsating current, aniNa closed cirouit therefrom, of a (coil for varying tig . magnetic field, -iH yrota-i&a, a cl os transmitter x'k said closed ciroih.^, as and for the purposes] set forth. X 5. In a telephonic apparatus, t£e combination with a rotating armature for generating continuous pulsating currents, a spring motor for rotat inksaid , \ frAti/- , and a ^losed jsirc'uit from /Said armature,x^fympans^ tcrmarture -in correspondence with sound ^vibrations, aB and t the purposes set forth. u State of i?eto fersep Countp of €ssex j- SS., THOMAS a. i® I son , tfje abobe nameti petitioner, being; bulp Stoorn, beposes ant) Saps tijat fje is a citizen of tfje tHnitcb States!, ant) a resident of Llewellyn Park, Orange, in the county of Essex and State of Hew Jersey tfjat fje berilp beliebes fjimsielf to be tfje original, first anb sole inbentor of tfje improbements in TELEPHONES beScribeb anb claimeb in tfje annexeb Specification; tfjat fje boes not fmotn anb boes not beliebe tfje Same toas eber fenohm or useb before fjis inbention or biscoberp tfjereof; or patenteb or beScribeb in anp printeb publication in tfje ®niteb States of America or anp foreign countrp before fjis inbention or biscoberp tfjereof, or more tfjan ttoo pears prior to tfjis application; or patenteb in anp countrp foreign to tfje ©niteb States on an application fileb more tfjan tboelbe montfjs prior to tfjis application; or in public use or on Sale in tfje Uniteb States for more tfjan ttoo pears prior to tfjis application; anb tfjat no application for patent upon Saib inbention fjas been fileb bp fjim or fjis legal repreSentatibeS or assigns in anp foreign countep. - - ^<7 Stoorn to anb subScribeb before me tfjis of V90/ HSealW ^otarp public. [ON BACK OF PRECEDING PAGE] P-lu , , ■) 'it 0- f- i} 4y jM -i- h. vtc. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C., JUljT 18th, 1907* Thomas A, Bdison, Cara tfranlc ID. Dyer, Brans® » 1T» J. . Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, for "Telephone" filed June 14, 1907, ser. lfo. 378,891. Commissioner of Patents. This application has been examined. The claims are rejected on McDonough, 446,188, I?eb. 10, 1891, class 179-subclass 77. . Regarding claim 4, there would be .no invention in employing any old form of transmitter with McDonough's relay, and as to claim 5, it would not involve patentability .to operate McDono£gh*s armature by a spring motor. Examiner, Division XVI* in tick innsHD states patert opfice. Thomas A. Edison TELEPHOIfflS Piled June 14, 1908 Serial iro. 378,891 IIOHOHABEE COKIISSIOIIER OP PATHTTS , 8IE: Replying to Offioe rejec¬ tion of ,ruly 18, 1907, pleaae amend tlie above entitled case as follows: Page 1 of the specification, please canoel last two words "of the". Claim l, line 4, insert - a permanently magnetized field in which the armature rotates and - before "means"; same claim, lines 4 and 5, cancel "in which the armature rotates" after "fields Claim 2, lino 4, insert after "of" - a permanently magnetized field in which the armature rotates and lines 4 and 5, after "field" cancel "in which the armature rotates". Claim 3, line 4, insert before "controlling" - per- mamently magnetized field in which tho armature rotates and lines 4 and 5, after "field", cancel - in which tho armature rotates Claim 4, line 4, before "coil" insert - permanently magnetized field in which the armature rotates and a lineB 4 and 5, after "field" cancol - in which the armature rotates “• ) 5 : Room JTo. 109 ) ) 1. Claim 5, line 4, oof ore "means " insert - a permanent¬ ly magnetized field in which the armature rotatos and lines 5 and 6, after "field" oanoel - in v/liich the arma¬ ture rotates ~. -RS HARKS - Reconsideration is requested. Hie claims have 'seen amended in view of the rofernnoe of record to distinguish more clearly thorofrom. Applicant employs a ar.io.ll magnoto generator liaving a permanent eleotro magnet for a field with controlling coils mounted thoroon in tho lino circuit of the telephone transmitter. Hie undulatory currents in the lino caused Toy the vibrations of tho diaphragm of the transmitter, cause oorrosponding variations in tho magnetic field of tho mag¬ neto, that is, a greater or loss magnetic effect is given the field above tliat which it normally has, and in conse¬ quence the talking current is relayed into the circuit of the roooiver. In the case of the reference He Donough, however, it would appear that a pole of soft iron waso contemplated for tho field. Shis is thought by applicant to be in in¬ operative structure. The flaw of electric current genera¬ ted by the battery disclosed tjirough tho coils of the field magnet is controlled entirely by the vibrations of the transmitter. lienee the magnetism of the field coils may decrease almost to zero and the current generated by the armature would correspondingly decrease to nothing. Ilia practical impossibility of getting a talking ourront through the field coils and the battery disclosed by the Me Do no ugh patent should also bo noted. In view of these amendments ana remarks, a reconsider ation and allowance of this case Are respectfully request¬ ed. Thoms A. Edison Oranga July Hcvt, Jersey /S~ 1903. by opiey 2—260. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, Thomas A. Edison, Washington, d o/o Frank Xu Dyer,- Orange, Hew Jersey. Plca*o ft.n.rl below a oomniwnioalion, from the EXAMINER #378,891, filed June 14, 1907, for Telephones September 19, 1908. * SiP 19 1908 ehargo of youir" application, ThlB action is in response to amendment of July 16, 1908. Each of olaima 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 iB again rejected on McDonough, of record. In line 30, page 1, of McDonough’s specification, the generator is described as a magneto eleotrio machine, Which implies that permanent magnets were in contempla¬ tion. Again, in lines 50-55, the magnets are described as being permanent magnets. „ Yi \ 4 IN TItB UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Thomas A. Edison TELEPHONES Filed June 14, 19°7 Serial No. 578,891 Room No. 109 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS SIR: In response to rejection of September 19, 1908, please amend the above entitled caBe as follows: Cancel all the claims and substitute the following: ■c apparatus, the combination with ng a large number of coils for pulsating current free from rotating the same at high speed, refrora, of a permanently magnetized ure rotates, and meanB for vary- ondence with Bound vibrations, substantially as set forth. I $ . In a telephonic apparatus, the combination with a rotating armature having a large number of ooIIb for generating a continuous pulsating current free from fluctuations, means for rotating the Bame at high speed, and a closed cirouit therefrom, of a permanently magnetized (1) field in which the armature rotates, a controlling coil for varying the magnetization of said field, a closed circuit including said coil, and means for impressing a current corresponding to sound vibrations on said cir¬ cuit, substantially as set forth. REMARKS The claims as amended are thought to distinguish patentably over the reference, and reconsideration and allowance are respectfully requested. It is thought that the construction as shown and doscribed by McDonough would not be operative or efficient for the purpose desired. Applicant places a controlling coil on one or both of the fields of a permanent magnet, provides the armature with as great a number of coils as possible to generate a current practically free from fluctuations, and rotates the same at as high speed aB possible so that whatever fluctuations there may be will be inaudible at the telephone receiver. Respectfully submitted THOMAS By Orange, Hew Jersey September 1909. .109 P.H. ■«>»“* DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D October 29, 1909. Thomas A. Edison, c/o Prank It. I>yor, Orange, JT. J. ( ""oojm.mT Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of ybur 'application, S. TTo. 370,891, filed June 14, 1907, Telephones. This aotion is in response to amendment filed Sept. 15, 1909. The claims now presented are again rejected on HcPonough, of record. The reference describes the use of a dynamo electric or a magneto eleotrio machine of any desired kind. See page 1, lines 56 and 57 of the speci¬ fication. A magneto electric machine is a machine having a field produced by a permanent magnet, and therefore it is not Been that the claims presented contain anything of a patentable nature over the reference. t Ill THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Thomas A. Edison TELEPHONES Filed June 14, 1907 Serial Ho. 378,891 Room No. 109 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS SIR: In response to rejection of October 29, 1909, please amend this case as follows :- Cancel Claim 1. Renumber Claim 2 as 1, and in line 5 thereof insert - metallic - before "circuit". REMARKS Reconsideration and allowance are requested. The claim is thought to distinguish specifically from the reference. The reference iB quite vague aB to its dis¬ closure and it is thought that the same should not be given sufficient weight to prevent the grant to a patent to applicant for reasons already Bet forth. Respectfully submitted, THOMAS A. EDISON Orange, New Jersey October 27th, 1910. By- His Attorney Paper No. _ .7.... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Washington Tocenbor 7, 1910. Thorns 8 lidlaon, O/o VranV. Cyor , Orange, J. DFO'7 ]!Uf! Please find helow a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. s. Ho. 37B.R91, 1Mloa Juno 14, 1907, Telephones. This notion is in response to amendment filed Oct. 09, 1910. The el aim is not seen to patontubly distinguish from HoHonough , of record, and is, therefore, finally rejected. This reference seems to completely anticipate applicant's cller-ed Invention. /-■" 3 2~l ■ \ i Ac./. /f // S' l-cnM-^e£. Osv-,- ot- / / f*— *— ^t-**-^£. “Z5u j. w. McDonough. TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION. Patented Feb. 10, 1891. No. 446,188. 2 Sheets— Sheet 2. J. W. MoDONOUGH. TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION, Patented Feb. 10, 1891. No Model.) No. 446,188. United States Patent Office james \v. McDonough, op new Vork, n. v. TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION. 5 State of New York, iinvclnvonted certain new and useful Improvements in Telephone Transmission, of which the following is a spccilication. My invention relates toinennsfortrniismlt- o ting spoken words and musical tones by the agency of electricity, and is designed as an improvement upou the methods at present in use involving tho employment of so-called “ induction-coils.” S ^ Tho^objccUif niy^invention is to inerensn SK combination, with a transmitter responsivo to sound-vibrations of any kind,' to of a dynamo-electric or magneto-electric uni- V transmitter, while its armature, operated by any suitable power, delivers a current that is 15 utilized diroetly or indirectly in operating upon a suitable receiver. My invention consists, secondly, in a novel mothod of transmiltingsouiids electrically by automatically changing the magnetic comli- [o tion of n.dynnnioormngnctoolectrie machine innccorduneowith the sound-vibrations, while at the snino timedriving the machine bynny suitable powor, and in employing tho ciianged electric currents tints developed in the inn- 15 chine to operate directly or indirectly upon the recoivor. ! My invention consists, thirdly, in nn im¬ proved niothod of transmitting sounds by electricity, consisting in automatically vary- ;o lug the intensity of a magnetic lield through the agency ctf nn instriimehl responsive to sounds, and in operating tho recoiving-iiistrii- inont by means of tho current deiivored from a ningneto-oleclricarmaturothatis placed in f 5 such variable field and Is operated by any suitable mechanical power. In tho nccoinphnyingdrawings Ihnvo illus¬ trated preferred forms of apparatus for carry¬ ing out my invention. ;o Figure I shows a simple nrrnngomenl; big. Figs, il, 4, and 5 illustrate other ways i rying out the invention. Referring to Fig. 1,FF indicates tin magnets of a dyn'iuno:olectric_or_mn; electric machine pf_qny..dosiL'cd-kiiifl, j an armature for said .machine. I pro umploy'as'nn'arinaturo tho well-known notti or Gramme armature or any othoi lmv|ng quilo a largo number of coil adapted to deliver a current of gren fortuity. C indicates the commutator of such turc,and L tho conductor lending to tli pliono-roccivcr It at any desired point, brushes of thu commutator are connec the circuit, so Hint tho armature will d a current totlioclcctriccircuitconneotci tho telephone- receiver. Tho field- m coils F are connected in series with on oilier in or to a circuit containing a bi L 11 or oi lier generator of electricity, tli of which through lltccoilsof thoficld-ni is controlled in any dosirtfd mannor b agency of an instrument rospousivo tos vibrations. T indicates such an instrument, cons of an ordinary lolopliono-trausmitter, v for tho purpose of controlling tliofiowo rent in tho circuit to tho coils, is pine shown, in the direct circuit, including coils and the source of electricity. I d however, limit myself to such special an mont, but design employing anyarrangi of connections orof' devices whereby, tli the ngenoy of nn instrument responsi sound-vibrations, the magnetic intonsi the field in which the armature A rot A is to bo driven by any suitable inccln powor and to bo kept at ns nearly a mi into of revolution us is practicable. Tho operation of tho apparatus dose would bo as follows: The armature A, revolved, delivers a current to tho cln and receiver R, which current being p cnlly continuous produces no sonsiblo c sounds in tho receiver R. If, howovo magnetic field in which tho armature rot be, varied, tho current delivered by tho i tui e will, as is well known, bo correspond varied in accordance 'with tho clinng magnetic intensity in tlio field. If Qcrsv-t- uv-p/-1 j •j** ^ . ""fa *■-«- u-c. cb|ft., ^ 2*^ Xs^j ^ od^JL Ota y t i.KA - *v£&r| ttWL^<1 Uj a feA'-ct.c-J , f f3 hi CpdL ’2- tern i0 6 . 1 tteccr VuLp cou\«^ cs.j mL |la^ ‘tK*M> a. it. A,. T/fc ""Qjy^tdt lc*=f^» e>- *-o . t^T”2 I ffc H . ,°T I ,.:. >;|rW tC-fc /tc ^ O^-J vuc vv_(wt\*.e£ u'"'“ V^fc^eJL.G rf *..^ c-0 O^d e. Cv ^ e*-^ Au^H^TKo-^ £&* (SJL~J 9 P-($k.. . (£\ C o, 'l/U-O'W.A-'v'-'f «■ \W^ (<. t-Q cL«Ttv£- Ca-IWcv^ d^O i . v . . / . - . . . U) d?~^--0 l£? >•»»❖ (yb^njfc (h.-4-it cQ-&*Ol£ c <£.^jsw O-vt* et-^^ us . -SPECIFICATION- TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: BE IT KNOWN , that I, THOMAS ALVA EDISON, a citi¬ zen of the United States, residing at Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful IMPROVEMENTS IN TELE¬ GRAPHY, of which the following is a description:- My invention relates to improvements in telegraphy and my object is to provide an arrangement by which a neutral relay designed to be operated by variations in current strength, will be unaffected by reversals of cur¬ rent in the circuit in which the relay is included. Such a situation is presented in connection with the well-known quadruplex telegraph operating either on the bridge or differential principal. With such an apparatus at the receiving station and in circuit with the line and with each other are arranged a polarized relay responsive to variations in current strength. One of the defects which Ids always existed in the quadruplex telegraph, or in fact, in any other system in which a neutral relay is traversed by a reversed current, is that when the armature of' the neutral relay is attracted by the full current strength - and a reversal of the current takes place, the armature momentarily falls away from the front stop with the likeli¬ hood of producing a "kick" or false signal in the local sounder. Numerous suggestions have been proposed for over¬ coming this defect, such as arranging the neutral relay Vo -l-~ make contact on the hack stop, or hy arranging an auxili- [ ary magnet which co-operates with the armature of the neu- j tral relay and receives a momentary charge from a condenser |j when the current hy the change of polarity ceaBes, to there- l! hy serve to bridge over the interval of no magnetism. The j; suggestions which have been made for overcoming the defect \ mentioned have not, however, in practice and on lines of considerable length, been entirely satisfactory, since in jj reversing the current through the neutral relay the magnets j thereof when the current ceases, require to be completely jj discharged before they can be built up by the succeeding j impulse of opposite .polarity, and during this interval the jj relay armature being no longer attracted is free to.be j drawn back to produce a false signal. By my invention, I entirely overcome this defect, since I arrange the neutral relay in such a way that although the current on the ' line may be reversed, the current passing through the neutral relay Yri.ll be always of the same polarity. Although the current which thus traverses the neutral relay will be .momentarily 'weakened during the changes of polarity on the line, yet, since the polarity of the magnets of the neutral relay is never changed, there is no interval corresponding to that now encountered when the polarity of such magnets is changed, and furthermore, the residual magnetism will materially aid in maintaining the attraction of- the armature during the periods in which the current is momentarily weakened. I find from actual experiments with the apparatus that there appears to be substantially no movement of the armature of the neutral relay under the conditions noted, when the current through the same is reversed, while under | U-L&L Ij the conditions, when the reversals take place in the | relay magnets, the movements, of the armature thereof away | from the front stop are quite perceptible. In carrying \ the invention into effect I combine with the neutral 1 relay a suitable arrangement' of rectifiers by which^although the current on the line* may bo reversed, the polarity of the current influencing the neutral relay will remain un¬ changed, as I will more fully hereinafter describe and claim. The most satisfactory rectifier for the purpose, both as to economy of installation and certainly of opera¬ tion, is the 30-called aluminum rectifier, employing an aluminum electrode opposed to an electrode of lead ^plat¬ inum in a suitable electrolyte. Such a rectifier, as is well knovm, when included in an electric circuit, presents a practically perfect insulation to currents of one polari¬ ty without appreciably resisting currents of the opposite . polarity. It becomes possible, as I hereinafter point out, to arrange a number of these rectifiers in such a way that currents of reversed polarity will be so commutated as to pass through the neutral relay always in the same direction. In order that the invention may be better under¬ stood attention is directed to the accompanying drawings, in which - Figure 1 , is q diagram of I the well-known form of . quadruplex apparatus at one end of the line, operatingon - the principal of the Wheatstone bridge, -and in which I-show . an arrangement by which the neutral relay thereof although in circuit with the polarized relay will not be subjected to the reversals of current which control the polarized re¬ lay, and figure 2, a similar view of a corresponding apparat¬ us operating on the differential method in which rectifiers are employed the reversals of current at the neutral relay. Referring first .to Figure 1, most of the elements are so well-known as to require no more than a very general description. A pole changer l,is controlled by a magnet 2 from a key 3, in a local circuit. The transmitter 4 , is controlled by a magnet 5, operated by a key 6, in a second is local circuit. The battery 7, 8. /divided into unequal portions. By reason of the connections shown, the pole changer 1 sends to the line 9, reversals of current from the battery 7, or the two batteries 7, 8 in combination, while the transmitter 4 cuts the battery 8 in or out of line, as may be desired. One of the bridge wires 10 leads to the line, and the other bridge wire to ground , as shown . The circuit 12, which completes the bridge, includes the polarized relay 13, .of any usual construction, which - controls the ordinary sounder in the usual way, and said . circuit also includes a neutral relay 14 of any suitable character, whose armature through a suitable auxiliary re¬ lay, controls a second sounder. In the circuit 12, is also included, four rectifiers 15, 15'' and 16,16', arranged as shown , the aluminum electrodes thereof being represented as considerably longer than the lead or platinum electrodes. It will be observed that the circuit after passing the polarized relay 13 branches and leads to the aluminum elec¬ trode of the rectifier)|-15 and to the lead of platinum electrode of the rectifier 16. It will also be observed that the aluminum electrode of the rectifier 15' and the lead or platinum electrode of the rectifier 16' are connect- ' ed with the circuit 12 beyond-therputral relay, while the connections to the neutral relay are between the rectifiers of the two sets. By reason of this construction, it will be seen that if the current flows along the line 9 towards the polarized relay 13, as Indicated by the arrow A, it r will encounter the aluminum electrode of the rectifier 15, which will act practically as an insulator, so that all the current. will pass through the rectifier 16. This current will then encounter the aluminum electrode of the rectifier. 16', which will oppose it, so that all the current passes in the direction of the arro w through the neutral relay and thence through the rectifier 15' to the line 12. If, how¬ ever, current passes in the opposite direction, as shown by the arrow B, it will encounter the aluminum electrode of the rectifier 15'. and consequently, will pass through the rectifier 16' and thence through the polarized relay in the same direction as before, thence through the rectifier 15 and polarized relay to the line. Thus, it will be seen that although the current is reversed on the line so as to actuate the polarized relay, yet: i no reversal of current - takes place at the neutral relay;. Although during-the change- •of- polarity, the current, in. the ..neutral relay ..will nanifest- . •*y *>3 weakened, this effect is momentarily much_shorter__ -5- than the interval required to discharge and build up the | magnetism in the neutral relay if the current vdtti reverse cL \ through the same. Furthermore, as I have before pointed ! out, the residual magnetism of the neutral relay tends materially to hold its armature in a attracted position during the momentary periods in which the weakening of the current takes place. Referring now to Figure 2, I here illustrate a quadruple* apparatus operating on the differential princi¬ pal moat of the parts being so well known as to require only a very general description. Here there is a pole changer 1, operated by a magnet 2, controlled by a key 3, in a local circuit, and a transmitter 4, operated by a mag¬ net 5, controlled by a key 6 in a second local circuit, and a battery 7, 8, a3 with the arrangement shown in Figure 1. From the neutral connection of the pole changer 1, a circuit 17 extends to one of the differential coils 18, of the differential polarized relay 19. Thence, the circuit extends through four rectifiers 20, 20' , and 21, 21', as shown, and thence to the line 9. The circuit 17 also in¬ cludes the differential coil 22 of the relay 19, and thence . extends through four rectifiers 23, 23' and 24,24' , arranged as shown , and thence to the artificial line 25. The differ¬ ential neutral relay 26 1b arranged so that its armature on the back stop will control an auxiliary relay 27, which in turn controls a sounder 28 in the usual way. The main - line coil 29 of- the -differential relay is- as shown,- connect- - ed between the rectifiers 20,_20.'„ and. rectiflers_21,. 21.'., _ coil 30 is connected between the -6- rectifiers 23,23' and 24,24'. With this arrangement, as with Bigurs 1, the aluminum electrodes of the rectifiers are illustrated as considerably longer than the lead or platinum electrodes thereof. In operation, assuming the current from the distant station to be flowing on the line 9, in the direction of the arrow A, it will be opposed by the aluminum electrode of the rectifier 20' and will there¬ fore enter the rectifier 21', and being opposed by the aluminum electrode of the rectifier 21, will flow through the main line coil 29 of the neutral relay in ^direct ion • of the arrows/ passing thence through the rectifier 20 and the main line coil 18 of the polarized relay. Assuming that this current is of the full battery strength, the . neutral relay will therefore be operated, while, if of the proper polarity to operate the polarized relay, the armature of the latter would be attracted. If, however, the current from the distant station is reversed and flows in the direction of the arrow B, it will be opposed by the aluminum electrode of the rectifier 20, and hence will enter the rectifier 21, so as to traverse the main line coil 29 of the neutral relay in the same direction as before, and . will pass to the line 9 through the rectifier 20'. Hence, the reversals of the current on the main line will not affect the main lino coil 29 of the neutral relay, which, therefore, will never be reversed as . to its polarity. A current from the home station flowing in the directionof . . the arrow B, will flow equally through the line coil 18 tw* ' and the artifioial^coil 22 of the polarized relay, so that said coils will oppose one another, in the usual way. The . i f 1 _ . ; .4- current from the main line coll 18 in pausing. to. the main . line 9, will take the same direction as before in passing through the main line coil 29 of the neutral relay. That part of the current which traverses the artificial line • coll 22 of the polarized relay will enter the rectifier 23 and proceed thence to the artificial line coil 30 of the neutral relay, thereby opposing the coil -29 so as not to - effect the neutral relay, and thence through the. rectifier _ 24* to the artificial line 25. When the current at the home station is reversed,^ reason of the rectifiers ar- ranged as shown/ no reversal takes place at the neutral relay, and consequently, the objection now encountered/^ - : "• of the armaturebeing withdrawn when the current is reversed .__on~ the -main- line-will-be- overcome. It--wi-ll- be -understood- - ; _ of course, that the arrangements 1 have above described are . . merely illustrative of my invention, and that suitable modifications thereof will be raado in applying the inven- tion in other connections andoin other arts. Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is as fol- lows : - 1. The combination with a circuit, and means for ; impressing thereon currents of varying strength^ and of reversed polarity, of a neutral relay and a series, of ! rectifiers between' the said relay, and said circuit/and so disposed as to commutate said currents, whereby they / r — will_always— influence— the— re-lay— i-n—the-same-d-i-rect-ion-; - — i substantially as and for the purposes sot f*n-rt/h , -a- .. 1 ■ . l ' ■ r ■ ) :l I 2- combination with a circuit, and means for impressing thereon currents of varying strength and of reversed polarity, of a neutral relay and a series of aluminum rectifiers between the said relay and said cir¬ cuit/ and so disposed as to commutate said currents, where- ! they will always influence the relay in the same direc¬ tion, substantially as and for the purposes set'forth. - 3. The combination with a neutral relay arranged to make contact on its back stop, of a series of rectifiers in "circuit therewith^/ and so arranged as tb' cbmhu'tate stantially as set forth. ^ke combination with a- neutral relay,- -arranged -to— — — make contact on its back ston nr □ .omi Qa , • — - ----- uai/A- serieB or.. aluminum : _ rectifiers in circuit therewith/^ and so arranged as to | commutate currents of reversed polarity, whereby such cur- rents will influence the relay always in the same direc- tibri, substantially as Bet forth. 5. The combination with four rectifiers/ arranged in palrs(wlth the rectifiers of each pair oppositely dis- posed, oi a neutral relay connected between the rectifiers of each pair, as and for the purposes set forth. 6. The combination with! f ottr ... aluminum rectifiers, arranged in pairs with the rectifiers of each pair oppo- si-te-ly-dispo.sed, .of a neutral reiair-cbnhectea'betweeirthe - rectifiera-of-each-pai-r,-- aH-and— for-the-purpoBeB— set-forthT - 1 -9- . . , 7. In a telegraph apparatus, the combination with - the main line, a polarized relay, a. neutral relay, and . means for impressing upon the main line currents of vary¬ ing strengths and of reversed polarity, of means for com¬ mutating the currents at the neutral relay, whereby the current^ will always influence said relay in the same di¬ rection, "Substantially '"as "and" for "the" "purposes' set forth. . • 8. In a telegraph apparatus, the combination with the main line, a polarized relay, a neutral relay and means for impresslng"'upoh_tHe^ "main "lXnFT^rent'B^W'valy- ing strengths- and of- reversed polarity^-of a' series -of - rectifiers coroperating, with-the . neutral -relay -and- so-ar-— — ranged that any currents influencing the same will alwayB _ flov/ in the same direction^ irrespective of their direction on the main line, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. 9. In a quadruplex telegraph system, the combine- tion with the main line, a bridge and means for impressing upon the main line currents of varying strength and reversed polarity, of a polarized relay connected across the bridge, — a neutral relay having connections.between each set of rectifiers, substantially as and for the purposes Bet forth. lp Ina^C«uW£ I £1, o — L^-O^jL Examiner’s Room No ../.!$.. *J < Patent Tssurd n.% .Va . 16 . >.-^ ■vL . 19 . . . •..:, . ,V':i;. 5 . 20 . . 6 . . . .2r. *r?.^ .^/^: . . . 21 M*:.- &ff:^~ 1 .. ($!^(r&irf^......-$&L^b..(0.-,(.$./..). . 22.\. Gzz^zz^zn z 8 . . / #: /. $/. ,fr^.-. 23 £f..y.?*...'-^. ^ /^°r^ 9.. .^Ac3^...z^l...^..7/:.^ Q_^— •— (..£ C-xv_«- ^&-Q_gJ2^’ <0-f~ <\\A.Cr?c*-*~a--*-~ fet«^x.'<=- <- Of^jL =-*^' .t-'^“^-t-C*'^- ClLfc, w Vu. o,(vL,<-/ !./T? O ^•k-xT^-o $_Zo ^L. tvce.-yj' Oa<-5 Tv 1 ir 1 ■ fc. t-'L u,,X> ■heJCt'f Cr-yi-u*' ”"Cr V '-eir C<-3 tBS I Vv '?».(!.< a cf "3“3aV ,.~ - - - - - • • •-- ~ *-0 e'-*-f «pUW v^-wv.«-e, .; J- - «7*vO S v» (uAi ~ ,.f dSU.'i4-rt ^Ttr- J-fi «4fc. tvuTf‘ .*.«. «JUaI » *.. C<^£iag«r*iar’«!to w lv ^*'c* '“'tMf — $*. *n> 1 -Ct.*-i fs.t «*■ * «.e. ^ * — *--| Jw — — Ji . 'A-“i .-.e_^F^,.r,;™ s.^u ^ IBS tU f.^' fi i _ 2,1. , A uo ^ !-(T. 34,..^ co . .SSXuvk ~ ~^~«~r'rfy aL~~:(“ Oc-^/e— •«•-. 5'/’ i"& CW****^ CO *‘^A*-rh •0L~~«Urf- Akx, . UA W^ec, 60 asrf*zfr s^t'y&rv . ja-o-jU • rjt^ • sC tf^.,,3’-&«.t.-.™fr.~, Xj^S, Y(LtvA. Tdc O-iZc.A J*—'—' >-« o.7TVvv~-£5<1~ ^ \V ij - SEEniEIOATIOU - - 1 . j. TO ALL WHOM. IT. .MAY .CONCERN: _ _ . KB I® TOTOV/1T, that I, THOMAS A. EDISON, a citizen : of the United. States and a resident of Llewellyn Pari:, - . - . i Orange , in the County of Essex, and State of Hew Jersey, : have invented- certain new and useful improvements in : MOTION. AND SOUNDS,- of which the -following is a description-: - . - 1 In. the representation. of animate motion hy ;.. means 0f moving pictures, much of the effect of the ori- i Sinai portrayal is lost hy reason of the fact that the . : . j ! scenes are represented in pantomime merely, without the sound which accompanied them when originally produced. Eor ~ . this reason the choice of subjects for representation by" i means of moving- pictures is -limited as only such -subjects- — ; - . . j_ accompanied by_very little sound; scenes in which sound ! plays a prominent part being incapable of adequate repreSen- ! tation to an audience by the mere pantomime exhibition of j moving pictures. Likewise, the choice of subjects to be - recorded and later reproduced by the phonograph alone is - practically restricted to acts-and-scenes-whi-ch are accom- - r -panied-hy- lit,tle-or— no-moti on. — -The-adequate-portrayal-of-- _ the. great majority of acts and scenes in which both action . and sound are present, as for example, the popular "song and dance" act, or the delivery of a public speech by a speaker who talks and moves about and makes gestures at the same time, cannot be accomplished by either the moving picture “ machine-erlone-oT- by~the--phcnosraph' alone", ~ brrtr-orrly — ; - - - ..... i. . . — r ■ ' : , : . ^ toy the simultaneous use of tooth of these machines. In order to simultaneously make a moving .picture negative and phonograph record of an act or scene during its performance, the camera must toe placed at a distance ' equal to' substantially its' normal focusing distance' from ~ " ' the scene, as -will- toe- understood, and the recordings phono - - . graph must toe placed in .the. immediate_.neighborhood. of. the. Beene toeing performed so that the sound may toe readily collected and conducted to the recording device, likewise to secure the realistic reproduction of a scene or act toy means -of tooth the moving picture machine and the phonograph, the sounds must appear to emanate from the screen upon . . - . which the moving picture is toeing- exhibited and for this - - reason the phonograph must toe placed in the neighborhood of the screen - usually behind it - so that tooth in malting the original record and negative and in reproducing the act or scene, the two machines are separated toy a consider¬ able distance, substantially equal to the normal focusing " distance of the camera or projecting machine. - - As each movement portrayed- upon the screen must-toe- . - accompanied toy ..the .sound originally, produced simultaneously _ therewith, it is necessary that at some time, either at the beginning of the operation of the picture machine and phono¬ graph, or shortly thereafter, the two machines shall toe made . to reproduce movements and sounds which ~were” oTiginally pro"duc'ed“at~tHe same instant^, '“and~t'tois-toame~i'deh^t'ical“re^ — - -lat ion -must- -toe~maintained- throughout--the— entire- reproduc— - -tion_of-.the_performance_toy -the_two-.machines.__It-has..-toeen__ _ proposed heretofore to synchronize the operation of the picture machine and the phonograph toy actuating these machines toy means of synchronized electric motors, tout such ! devices are uncertain in operation and, likely to get out _ of order, are extremely expensive and have not been found to 1 produce practical results. •••• . . — . -i The object of the present invention is to pro¬ vide a novel process and apparatus for making simultaneous- ~ 7 ply a* moving picture 'negative and ~a phonographic 'record' of " ~~ — 7 r sound -,-produoing obje cts -in -mot-ion and-thereaf-ter -s-islu-ltan— - j_.eo.usly. reproducing, the sounds recorded by the. phonograph _ _ .. . and exhibiting the object in motion by means of moving pict¬ ures, the apparatus which I have devised for this purpose ! being simple and inexpensive to manufacture and certain and 1 reliable in its operation. In a device .constructed and operated in accordance ■ with my invention, a -simple^ mechanical form- of -driving - - - mechanism is provided. to drive, both the phonograph and . . . the novingpicture camera or projecting machine , accord- j ing as the device is to be used for recording or repr.o- | ducing acts and scenes. The form of drive which I have — - — ! found best adapted for this purpose comprises a long ; shaft whose length is substantially equal to the distance ; between the two -machines and' which-may-be -arranged- in~any — ' - !- convenient location,, as ..for., example, beneath the floor of the room, the phonograph being driven from one end of this shaft and the moving picture camera or projecting machine from the other. If . the location of the device is such that a single., straight shaft cannot be used, shorter shafts geared together by bevel or other gears or connected to- gether-by-universal- j oints- may be U3ed, -as will be 'under- . stood. — The_shaft_may- be— driven -£roin_any_convenient- source _ of power, as for example, from an electric motor. 3. •, j 1 - : - ; - - ... . . .1 In accordance with my invention, either in making '.the original record and negative, or in the reproduction i of the scone or act, either the phonograph or else the moving picture camera or projecting machine, as the case ; may' he, is first set' into 'operation arid the remaining' . r: machine is- automatically-set into operation therefrom. - I • ; .prefer, -and- have here illustrated the ..moving.. picture .camera. ... ; or projecting machine as being started from the phonograph. I consider this the preferable arrangement because the intermittently operating mechanism of the moving picture . camera or projecting machine is practically without mass i arid may be started or stopped substantiaL ly iristaritahedusTy. -With this arrangement I- preferably provide means whereby—-— 1. when the recording or. reproducing .stylus, of. the phonograph... has been carried by the carriage moving transversely of the phonograph record, to a determinate distance from the | end of the phonograph scord cylinder, the moving pictu: camera or projecting machine will be automatically set i into operation^^rie mechanism 'fbf'this'purpb^^iir'here^'') after be "fully described^y^TheoperationofVV-^-n nnrhnns; — i — - - - - - JSS <*! Hu *JU |-4ss3=y.s independent of±J*@ position which -the- record cylin- _ der.may occupy on _the phonograph mandrel. I also pro- vide means whereby the angular prrw-r‘fe-Tnn nf t.lia ■Tr.’it.i'm'P. TJCt.- •j In -order- that.. my invention nay .be. aore -clearly - :L understood, I haye shown in the accompanying drawings ; apparatus by which my improved process may he carried j into effect.. In the figures of the drawing, wherein ■ the sane reference numerals are used uniformly to des- j ignate the same parts throughout 7 Figure ~1~ is"' "a" "view, 'I partly in longitudinal ^cross-section, ' of an apparatus _ ••• for simultaneously malting -a- moving., pi.t-ure -negative -and a- Phonograph record; . Figure 2 is .a. view similar to Figure 1 hut showing a moving picture projecting machine and a re¬ producing phonograph instead of a movingjpicture camera and : a recording phonograph respectively, . Figure 3 is a ■ i diagrammatic view of one form' of means for "setting ohe~of" i! the machines into’ operation 'from' the other, the moving . | picture camera- or -projecting machine being here shown . . as . set in operation from. the_. phonograph,; and. Figures 4 and 5 are detail sectional views of portions of the ;j movipg picture camera or projecting machine and the phono- ! graph respectively. | Referring to Figure i of the drawings, a recording " phonograph' i's "shown at 1 "aha"'a'moving picture camera" at - 2. — • The phonograph is- situated- in -the immediate-neighbor-- _ho.od. j)f__t.he._st.ag.e._3.,_.pre.fe.rahly_hehinLand_aho.vja_it... _ -Tim. mediately above the stage is provided a funnel 4 v'ich col¬ lects the sound and conducts it into the receiving horn 5 of the phonograph. Other means for collecting the sound and conducting it to the. phonograph may of course ^be "us e^d. Th-e~Stage~3-i'S~ fllufifinafed" f f6m-a-s"ourh"ir of-rigKt“6T - A -1 o ng— dr -i-v e - shaft -7— is-used— to-drive -both— the camera and - - _.the„phonograph_ancLl.t__ext_ends_from_the_neighh.orlio.od_of__the_. ; - - • ' — ; 5---.-— - -T— - “7.-- — — phonograph to the neighborhood of the moving picture camera, and may he placed in .any convenient position, as for example, iiii the construction shown, in the drawing, it is placed beneath the floor of the room. This shaft is mounted in' hearing's at either end and in order to give" it rigidity . -and at -the -same time- make it -as -light- as possible , it - - - - may be pr ovided with. a~nuraber of - stays -8 -which are se - - - - cured to the shaft near its ends and are held apart near the middle of the shaft hy a plate or frame work 9. Any form of light rigid shaft may he used, however. «-» (r~ /,*£*** lu . zyt.bn/ eutj 6 - . The shaft 7 is driven from any convenient source of power, ''SH as "for example , an electric motor 10. One end oF the ' shaft -7- is connected up to drive the "moving picture camera " or .projecting machine and the other end the phonograph. . - . •The power is preferably transmitted. from the shaft through sprocket chains and sprocket wheels, so that all possibil¬ ity of slip may he obviated, although it 'is obvious that Pulleys or gears might, be used. The proportions of the power transmitting devices are ouch that the moving XULXiiEEE EJCSEXS M ■ pr.rr jrrKrfcVrig- tlrirtr-m ing picture- camera -or- projecting-machine-and- the phonograph - is each operated. at its own proper speed. . In.trane- . . preferably provided so that the phonograph may be placed in slightly different positions as shown in figures 1 and 2. " . ' - - 1 Ref erring-now-ij-o-fi-gure. 2^~12 represents a repr o'- - : -ducing-phonograph-and -13 a-moving -picture-projecting— - - - machine. The driving apnaratus for these two is the same or- precisely like that usecLf cLfy^ !-'&«_» X'l-'K— vCv a«i*» tt, ’ *..C& - X^£> cf — -p“ or-. . coCJ d ■ y iyuS~ ‘f-ce^. ~6 3 ^ ^"/’ '^~ ° ?— . u, — C? 3 # ■ (}).. -• />^'tYZ. fe.'C Z-2. a 9r />' £&/U ? 3 ' .Ez-l ’ ./?-. ^ ? /i o/^s J{.- feL. /y h'jy ^ -'^ $ - . fp- <^7 U1X. ^ Applicant. Address. Title /../iktZzfzzr... Filed . . . Examiner’s Room No. ^ Assignee . Ass’g’t Exec,... . Recorded... . Liber... ...Page. Patent No. .. Issued... ACTIONS. 1 6 . < • \7 v'.-.'Mk. . . 'J . z/XSL . 7 ... . . w?. .! . . .. 22 .. 8 .... 23 ... 9 A^rfWr^...^K3«W^!rt M..rM.....roviding a wold carrying a negative impression of the record, coating the mold with a layer of collodion solution, molding n record therein from wax-like compos if. i op1, thereby causing collodion t.o be intimately welded to the wax-like compositi on at its sur¬ face, allowing the record so formed to contract, and With¬ drawing it longitudinally from the mold, substantially as sot fiorth. ^ uu 'At! -5- ®f)isi specification signeb anb toitnesseb this id bap of P - JJkjn^^LCLdS CL ■ Witnesses: 2 — C2awa^\JL^ , ©atb. g>tatc of Jleto STcrScp ] Count? of CSSex j thomas a. edisoh , tfjc abobe nameb petitioner, being bulp stoorn, beposes anb saps that fie is a citijen of tfje fSniteb States, anb a resibent Of llev/ellyn Park, Orange, County of yssex and State of Hew Jersey; tfjat be berilp beliebes bimself to be tfje original, first anb Sole inbentor of tfje improbements in process op makiitg phonograph records , bescribeb anb claimeb in tfje annexeb Specification; that be boes not fmoto anb boes not beliebe that rtje same toas eber fenohm or uSeb before bis inbention or biScoberp thereof; or patenteb or bescribeb in anp printeb publication in tbe ©niteb States of America or anp foreign countrp before bis inbention or biScoberp thereof, or more than ttoo pears prior to this application; or patenteb in anp countrp foreign to the ©niteb States on an application fileb more than ttoelbe months prior to this application; or in public use or on Sale in the GUniteb States for more than ttoo pears prior to this application; anb that no application for patent upon Saib inbention has been fileb bp bint or bis legal representatibes or assigns in anp foreign countrp. Stoorn to anb subscribeb before me this / 3 bap of 190 f INTERIOR, it— am. Div....23~. Room . 3.79 .T.H.DT^LT. - DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, Washington, d. c„ April 'j>t1908. Thomas A. Edison, Care Frank L. Dyer, Orange, New Jersey . Edison Laboratory. I r j Please find, helaio a communication from the EXAMINER in nliurge of your appli.cn ti number °421S 887 Maklng PhonoKraph Records .filed March 18, 1908, serial Applicant is requested to file a drawing diagrammatioally illustrative of the present process. The claims do not appear to specify matter distinguishable in a patentable sense from patents of Petit, Deo. 24, 1901, #689, 408, (181-16); Harris, Deo. 11,1908, #837,927, and the acknowledge old reoord material employed by applicant, it being held that in so far as the specific process is concerned, it could not constitute invention to substitute wax-like material for Petit's celluloid like material employed in constructing the base of his record . The claims drawn are rejected . IN IVIS UNITED STATUS PATENT OFFICE Thomas A. Edison ) PROCESS OP MAKING j PHONOGRAPH RECORDS : Piled March 18, 1908 : Serial Ho. 421,88? : Room No. 379. HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS, SIR: In response to Office action of April 2, 1908, please amend the above entitled case aB follows: Cancel Claim 1. Claim 2, line 5, after "therein" insert - by centrifugal means - . Cancel Claim ?. Renumber ClaimB 2, 4 and 5 as 1, 2 and 3. REMARKS A drawing diagrammatically illustrative of the partB will be filed before the case goes to issue. Reconsideration and allowance of the claims remaining in the case are requested. The reference Harris would not seem to be particularly pertinent in this case, his disclosure being a surfaoe of celluoid on a backing of wood-pulp. Petit discloses a process some¬ what similar to applicant's, but applicant's process (1) as now claimed is specifically different therefrom. Applicant' 8 method of applying the coating to the inside of the mold and drying the same is different from Petit^s, and applicant also moldB a record within this coating as by oentrifugal meanB, whereby the oollodion film is caused to be intimately welded to the wax-like composition. Respectfully submitted THOMAS A. EKSON By _ His Attorney. Orange, Hew Jersey March , 1909. United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C., April 14 , 1509. Thomas A, Edison, Care Prank L. Dyer, Orange, Mew Jersey . Flense find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, for Process of Making Phonograph Records, filed March 18,1908, serial number 421,807 . This action in in response to the amendment filed the 25th ultimo . The examiner can see no patentable distinction between Pettit's process and that set forth in applicant's claims. Whether the base material be wax-like as is most common in tho art or not wax-like , door, not seem to be material in so far ae the patentability of the process is concerned.. However, a wax- like bane and a hard record surface are shown in Harris cited. The examiner must hold that the claims do not B«t forth patentable invention over Petit's disclosure and that of Harris, and the claims are accordingly rejected . [u. 8. PATENT OFFICE, APR 14 1909 1 BAILED- 1 Ill TICE UNITED STATUS •RATE1'1® ^ICB | Thomas A. Edison 1 PROCESS OP MAKING PHONOGRAPH 1 RECORDS Piled March 18, 1908 Serial No. 421,88? HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS S I R : In response to rejection of April 14, 1909, please amend this case as follows: Canoel Claims l and 2 and substitute tho following: 1. A process of making a phonograph record which consists in providing a mold oarrying a negative im¬ pression of the record, applying to said mold a film of material adapted to harden the surface of the record, drying tho mold, rotating the mold, introducing therein a wax-like composition in molten condition, and molding the same hy centrifugal action in intimate contact with the hardened surface film, cooling the record so made, and withdrawing from the mold the finished record of wax¬ like composition having a hardened surface film intimately welded thereto, substantially as set forth. Renumber Claim 3 as Claim 2. (1) REMARKS Reconsideration and allowance of the claims as amended aro respectfully requested. The process as claimed could not to carried out by Petit, the base material of whose record is celluloid. Neither could it be carried out by Harris, whoso base material is wood pulp. Ey applicant's invention as described in Claim 1, a wax-like record is raado by a centrifugal process having a hardened surface film thereon, and this iB done in a particular way claimed, which is thought to be patent- ably different from anything shown in tho references. Claim 2, previously 3, is also thought to ho specifically different from the references. Respectfully, l’HOMAi By Orange, N. J'. April 7, 1910. A. EDISON 3—260. 379 *11 PaPT ‘’’date ol filing, a^tlllo of Invention. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. United States Patent Office, Washington, d. c., April 23,1910. Thomas A, Edison, Cara yraiifc L, Dy or, Orange , New jersey . Edison Laboratory, 1 - li-i~ - ^ ■ [ Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, for Process of tfriking Phonograph Records , filed March 18, 1908, serial number 421,887 , U. ii. .V""-1 i/rri(jr!, APR 23 1920 M AILED. Thi o action ia responsive to the amendment filed April 0,1910, Claim 1 is object ionahlo in lino 5, Drying tho mold and rotating tho mold are one and tho name stop in the proconn. After a oaroful consideration, nothing patontahlo is found in the claims over the references of record and Lboth • ? of the claims are finally rejected upon the reforonocs and for the reasons of record . IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OTP ICE. THOMAS A. EDISON, ) PROCESS OP MAKING PHONOGRAPH ) RECORDS, Room No. 379 Piled March 18, 1908, ^ Serial No. 421,887. * ) HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS, SIR; I hereby appeal to the Examiners -in- Chief from the decision of the principal Examiner in the matter of my application for Letters Patent for a PROCESS OP MAKING PHONOGRAPH RECORDS, filed March 18,1908, Serial No. 421,887, which on the twenty-third day of April, 1910, was finally rejected. The following are the points of the decision upon which the appeal is taken: 1. The Examiner erred in rejeoting the claims. 2. The Examiner erred in holding the olaims to he without patentable novelty. An oral hearing is requested. Very respectfully, THOMAS A. EDISON, By p Orange, New Jersey, l April / V- 1911. His Attorney. IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. THOMAS A. EDISON, ) PROCESS OF MAKING ) PHONOGRAPH RECORDS , Room No . 379 . ) Filed March 18, 1908, Serial No. 481,887, HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS: SIR: In response to the f Inal rejection of ' April 23, 1910, an appeal from the vieoision of the Ssairdnsr to the Board of Ex.aminera-in-Chief has been filed on even date herewith. It is herein desired to respond to the second paragraph Of the last Offioe aotion in which it was held that claim 1 is o’oj ectionable "because "drying" and "rotating" the mould are included as separate steps in the process. By reference to line 9, page 3, it will "be seen that the rotation of the mould is independent of the drying and that theBe two steps are therefore properly included in claim 1 independent ly of each other. There is no rotation of the mould during the drying re¬ ferred to. It 1b accordingly requested that the objection referred to "be withdrawn. Very respeotfully , Orange, New Jersey, THOMAS A. EDISON, April / 4 1911. By ^ His Attorney. (J IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OEPICE Application of, Thomas A. Edison, for Process of Making Phonograph Records, Piled March 18, 1908, #421, 837, Vtty: Prank I>. Dyer . ) Before the Hon. Board of Examiners-in-Chief . Examiner's Statement. . This is an appeal from the Examiner's final rejection of the following claims : 1* . A Process of making a phonograph record which oonslsts In providing a mold c arrylng a negative impression of the record, applying to said mold^a film of/material adapted to harden t^e ?£ reoor4iJ drying.. the mol.d, rotating the mold, intro¬ ducing therein a v?ax=liko composition in molten dondition! aid moldin'! the^same hy centrifugal action in intimate"oont~act with the hardened surface filny cooling the record so made, end wfcrthdrawing from the mead the finished record of wax-like composition having a hardened surface film intimately welded thereto, BUhst antlally as sot forth# _ Z\ ,, The Prooeas of making a phonograph reoord, whioh consists in providing a mold carrying a negative impression of the record, ooating the mold with' a layer of collodion solution, Zinold in g jx thereby 'oauBrng" collodion to be intimately Welded t^the . waxraurt-compdeiilan at its surface, allowing the record so formed to oontraot and withdrawing it longitudinalljyfrom the mold, substantially as set forth • .>■■■■’/ Petit, #689, 408, Dec. 24,1901,(181-16); Aylsworth, #856, 605, June 4,1907, same olass; Aylsworth,#782,375,Peb. 14,1905, (181-17). Petit shows the broad equivalent of applicant's method. In the Petit method the thin film 8 is first ooated over the mold a, allowed to cool and then the body of the reoord 9 1b placed within the film and steam foroed in whioh softens the body portion 9 of the r6oord and forces it against the film 8 . The present applicant instead of adopting the Petit #421,087-- . 2. method of placing the body portion 9 witbin the film and nold and forcing the body portion of the record againBt the film, has followed the Aylsworth process referred to hy the applicant in his specification nnd disclosed in the Aylsworth patent . After having coated tho mold with the film as in the Petit disclosure, applicant forces the body part of the record agal n ^c* way Ac — - — - disclosed ir. Aylsworth, 855,605.J This change from the Petit to the Aylsworth method of forcing the body portion into contact with the film ,is not thought, to involve invention. In claim 1, applicant states as one step of his process, the "drying. mold" . What he probably means is that he drys the film on tho mold, and this claim has been construed accordingly. So far as the "wax like composition" is oonoerned of which the body portion is oomposed, the patent to Aylsworth,#? 82, 37 5, referred to in his patent ,#855,605, shows that the materials that he was working with are all wax like compositions1'. The method, there¬ fore set forth in the appealed claims, appears to be only an aggregation of steps and even of tbs composition used disclosed in the Petit and Aylsworth patents. Respectfully submitted: Examiner, Pivinion XXIII . April 24,1911 IH THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application of ) Thomas A. Edison for PROCESS OF MAKING PHONO¬ GRAPH RECORDS Filed March 18, 1908 Serial No. 481,887 ) : Before tho Honorable Board ) of Examiners -ln-Chief ) APPELLANT’S BRIEF This is an appeal from the Examiner' s final rejection of the following claims:- 1. A prooess of making a phonograph rooord whioh oonaiata in providing a mold carrying a nega¬ tive impression of the reoord , applying to said mold a film of material adapted to harden the snrfaoe of the record, drying the mold, rotating the mold, introduoing therein a wax -like composition in molten condition, and molding the oame by centrif¬ ugal action in intimate contact with the hardened surfaoe film, cooling the reoord so made, and with¬ drawing from the mold the finished reoord of wax- 1 ike c ompos i t i on having a hafdened~nurfatfe~f±lTir- infimately welded thereto, substantially as set forth. 2. Tho prooess of making a phonograph reoord, whioh oonsista in providing a mold oarrylng a nega¬ tive impression of tho reoord, coating the mold with a layer of collodion solution, molding a reoord „ therein from wax -like composition, thereby oausing collodion to bo intimately welded to the wax-like composition at its surface, alloy/ing tho reoord so formed to contract and withdrawing it longitudinally from tho mold, substantially as sot forth. Tho applioant's invention relates to processes of making phonograph reoords, and more particularly to processes for making a record of wax -like material having a hardened surfaoe ooating thereon. Wax-like oompositionE no v/ in oommon use for making phonograph reoords, such, for (1) example , as those desoribed in patent Ho. 782,375, granted to .Tonaa VV. Aylsworth, oan bo readily molded, give an ao- onrate copy of the surfaoe of the mold or matrix, and after being molded, oan be reamed out and trimmed off and otherwise worked with great faoility. Reoords oan further¬ more be made from these materials at a low oost, with simple maohinery, and by very oheap labor. Records, however, mad« from these wax-like compositions show signs of wear after being submitted to a large number of reproductions, so thal the oharaoter of the reproduction obtained therefrom deter¬ iorates. It is dSBirable, therefore, that a reoord be made whloh will have a harder and tougher wearing surfaoe, and which will at the same time retain the good moldable and workable qualities of the records made from the wax¬ like compositions now used. The applicant has disclosed and claimed in ap¬ plications Serial Hos. 421,884 and 421,886, reoords having .... these characteristics, and olaims in the present application an effective proooss by which suoh reoords may be manu¬ factured. In aooordanoe with this process, a ooating of hard and tough material is applied to the negative reoord surfaoe of a mold. A suitable material for this purpose, according to the specification, is collodion or nitrated oellulose dissolved in, a sui table solvent such as amyl aoetate. After this material haB been applied to the inner or reoord surfaoe of the mold, as by immersing the latter in a aolution of tho Baid material, the ooatod mold is allowed to dry, after which a reoord is molded therein (2) of the wax -like composition mentioned above. This war¬ like composition may he molded to the surfaoe film in numorous ways, Claim 1 specifying a process employing oen- trifugal force produced in a rotating mold into which the Wax-like composition is introduced in a molten condition. A process for molding a complete record in this manner is disolosed in the patent to Jonas W. Aylsworth, No. 855,605, dated J\me 4, 1907. After the cooling of the wax-like com¬ position in oontaot with the surfaoe ooating, tho reoord may he withdrawn fro# the mold with the surfaoe film inti¬ mately welded thereto. The references relied upon by tho Examiner aro:- Petit, No. 689,408, December 24, 1901; Aylsworth , No. 855,606, June 4, 1907; Aylsworth, No. 788,375, February 14, 1905. In the Petit method a film J3 is first coated upon the mold a and allowed to sot or dry, whereupon the "foundation £ or cylindrical shell" is placed within the film, the film and foundation being subsequently softened and oemented together, by foroing steam into the mold. Aylsworth patent No. 855,605 merely discloses the process of making duplicate reoords whioh consists in rotating a hot mold at a high speed and introducing molten material therein, so that tho material will be oompressed by oentrifugal force against the reoord surfaoe and be uniformly distributed over tho same, and upon oooling, a homogeneous duplicate reoord will be formed. Aylsworth patent No. 782,375 aisoloses a wax-like composition for making auplioate phonograph reoords . (3) The Examiner takes the position that "The method * * * * set forth in the nppealod olnirna , appears to be only an aggregation of steps and even of the oompos- ition used disclosed in the Petit ana Aylsworth patents." In explanation of his position the Examiner states: "The prosent applioant instead of adopting the Petit method of plaolng the body portion 9, within the film and mold and forcing the body portion of the record against the film, has followed the Aylsworth prooess referred to by the ap¬ plioant in his speoifioation and disclosed in the Aylsworth patent. ******** This ohange from the Petit to the Aylsworth method of foroing the body portion into oontaot with the film is not thought to involve inven¬ tion." It is sixbraitted that the Petit and Aylsworth pat- ents do not anticipate the applicant's claims for the fol¬ lowing rensons:- Pirat: The patent to Aylsworth does not disclose a prooess for foroing the body portion of a record in oon¬ taot with a surfaoe film therefor, and surely there is no suggestion of the welding of a protective coating to a wax¬ like record, as called for by the applioant' a olaims. In order to rejeot the olaims the Examiner finds it nooesBary to substitute the simple centrifugal molding prooess indi¬ cated by Aylsworth for the Petit method of welding a "foun¬ dation" to a surfaoe veneer. As the Aylsworth patent doei not oontemplate this welding feature, the Examiner's posi¬ tion seems to he untenable. (4) Second: Claim 1 oallB for "applying to said mold a film of material adapted to hardon the surfaoe of the ri-o- ord" . and Claim 8, "mold inf? a raoord" in a mold ooated with a layer of oollodion solution. She objeot of the appli¬ cant's invention is to prodnoe a reoord whioh will have a hard and tough wearing surfaoc and whioh will at the same time retain the good moldablo and workable qualities of the records made from the wax -like compositions now need. Yftiat the claims call for, then, is not the formation of a compos¬ ite reoord of the type disclosed by Petit, but the provis¬ ion of a wax -like reoord having a reoord impression therein and provided with a thin film or protecting coating. Al¬ though Figure S of the Petit patent of record discloses a surface veneer whioh has an irregular backing, a more in¬ spection of this figure will indioato that tho irregular¬ ities in the backing of the said veneer arc not exact coun¬ terparts of the record impressions; and there is nothing in the Petit specification to indioato that suoh a struotxire was contemplated. neither of the Aylsworth patents dis¬ closes a reoord of the type whioh it 13 the applicant's object to produoe. 1'hird: Hone of the patents of record disoloaes the combination of ooating and the reoord materials called for by the olaimo. By reason of the good molding qualities of the wax-like compositions and of the superior wearing qual¬ ities of other tougher and harder materials, it is desirable to form a reoord of the former materials provided with a wearing surface of the latter materials. Neither the Petit nor the Aylsworth patents point out how this oan be done. (5) Evidently, Potit did not consider his process suited for uao with different compositions for the surfaoe veneer and the foundation, for in lines 14 to 28 on page 2 of his speoifioation he states aB follows :- "The foundation is preferably made of material adapted to bo softened and oonnootod by heat ana pro a sure through adhesion to the duplioate sound record .'film', and the material of the foundation is preferably of such a nature as to carry a sub- stanoe of a similar nature to that composing the film, elthor by being impregnated with, or by hav¬ ing an applied surfaoe ooating of, suoh material, bo that the oonneotion formed betwoon the two by heat and pressure may be a Dementing action. The material of the foundation may bo and prefer¬ ably is the same as that of the film, but loaded with pigment to give body and ohoapness." It is furthermore pointed out that as the mater¬ ial of Petit’s foundation is merely rendered plastio and is not melted or fused, the pressing of the same against a thin surfaoe film suoh as that oontemplnted by the appli- oant would be apt to tear or otherwise injure the said film Neither of the Aylsworth patents of reoord disoloses a rec¬ ord having superposed layers of different materials. The prooesses outlined by the applioant in whioh the material of the reoord is molded and welded to the sur¬ faoe coating by introducing the said material into the mold- in a molten condition have rendered possible the solution of the hitherto unsolved problem of providing a wax-like reoord with a hardened surfaoe ooating. This process is assigned for an object different from any oontemplated in the patents of rooord, and iB not disclosed nor suggested by these patents taken either singly or oolleotively. The (6) Honorable Board of 1 a amino r a -In -Ch 1 o f are aucordingly, In view of the forogolng remarks, respeotfully I'acjuasted to adjudge the olaima in ioeuo patentable in their decision on tliiB appeal. P.espraofcfully submitted. 5H0KAS A. E BIS OH By Hie Attorney Orange , Hew Jersey AugUBt , 1911. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON , _ _ .1'homan. A . ]3d i s on , q/o Fro.nk Atty . , . OrfinRe , . . . . Sir: OCT 6 1911 1) Inclosed find copy of deoision this day rendered by the Iex parte ) case of . Thomas A. Edison, Serial Ho. 421,887. By direction of the Commissioner: Very respectfully, J.H.S, Appeal No. 4224. U. S. PATENT OFFICE. October 6, 1S11. Before the Examiners- in- Chief , on Appeal. Application of Thomas A. Edison for a patent for an improve¬ ment in rr.ocoss of Making phonograph Heoorda, filed March 18, 1908, 3erial No. 421,887. Mr. Prank L. Dyer, attorney for appellant. The applicant has appealed from the notion of the primary ex¬ aminer finally rejecting the following claims. - 1 . A process of making a phonograph reoord which con¬ sists in providing a mold carrying a negative impression of the record, applying to said mold a film of material adapted to harden the surface of the record, drying the mold, rotat¬ ing the mold, introducing therein a wax-like composition in molten oondition, and molding the same by centrifugal action in intimate contact with the hardened surface film, cooling the reoord so made, and withdrawing from the mold the finish¬ ed reoord of wax-like composition having a hardened ourface film intimately welded thereto, substantially as set forth. 2. The prooess of making a phonograph record, whioh con¬ sists in providing a mold oarrying a negative impression of the record, coating the mold with a layer of collodion solu¬ tion, molding a record therein from wax-like composition, thereby causing collodion to be intimately welded to the wax¬ like composition at its surface, allowing the record so formed to contract and withdrawing it longitudinally from the mold, substantially as set forth. The references cited are:- Petit, 689,408, December 24, 1901, Aylsworth, 856,605, June 4, 1907, Aylaworth, 782,375, February 14, 1905. We find no error in the aotion of the primary examiner reject¬ ing the appealed olaime upon the patent to Petit, taken in con¬ nection with the Aylsworth patents. Petit dieoloses a prooess of making phonograph records which consists in applying a film of #4224—2. material to a mold carrying a negative impression of the reoord, which film of material is adapted to harden the surfaoe of the record, allowing the film to dry and Introducing thereinto a sub¬ stance to form the base of the record and pressing and molding the substance of the base, when softened by heat, into intimate con¬ tact with the hardened surface film. We find in this process of Petit substantially the same prooeos that is defined in claim 1. petit does not mention any rotation of the mold in the appli¬ cation of the sub itance of the base to the surface film. He does suggest, hov/ever, the application of the surface film to the mold by centrifugal notion. We fail to perceive that the adoption by the applicant of this well known method of flowing one substance over an inside surface in applying his wax-like composition to his surfaoe film involved invention. Claim 1 limits the substance with which the surface film of the reoord is backed to a wax-like compo¬ sition. petit does not state the composition of the backing of his record, but he does state that it 1b softened by heat and forms an intimate contact by adhesion with the surface film upon being pressed into contact therewith while in softened condition, 'i'o this extent the petit backing is wax-like. To substitute in the Petit process the use of an entirely wax-like composition for the corresponding substance used by petit would not involve invention, in view of the common use of wax-like compositions in the manufac¬ ture of records for phonographs, of which Aylsworth, #782,375, fur¬ nishes an example. The procese set forth in claim 2 is also substantially that of Petit, so far as the question of invention is concerned. This claim is not limited to the use of centrifugal action. It is limited to a colloidal solution as the substance of which the ooat- ing of the mold and the surface of the record is formed, petit, however, suggests the use of collodion for this purpose . The applioant, in his argument, makes referenoe to the pro- #4224— 3. duotion of a groove in the wax backing corresponding to the record groove. Neither of the claims is limited to this feature. Each of them would be infringed, so far as this feature is concerned, by the retit process, in which this feature does not appear to be present. Moreover, if the claims were so limited they would not be allowable because this feature doeB not appear to be of conse¬ quence, so far as the process of making the record is concerned. The importance of this feature seems to lie in its relation to the saving of surface material, but this is a result whioh portains to the article rather than to the prooesB of making the same. The action of the primary examiner finally rejecting the ap¬ pealed olaims is affirmed. Fairfax Bayard, T . G. Steward, Frank C. Skinner, Examiners- in- Chi ef . OV.-W- &?rr Mr. Dyer: Folios 585. 386 and 588. All of the claims in the above applications have been rejected by the Patent Office and the rejections sustained by the Board of Examiners-in-Chief . Mr. Edison has stated that the said applications are e$ ncrf^mportance to us. I think there is no chance of securing the rejected claims by further appeal. Please advise me whether or not to drop the applications in question. petition Eclt&rpi) SPECIFICATION TO ALL \7HOM IT MAY CONCERN: BE IT KNOW, that I, THOMAS A. EDISON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful improvements in PHONOGRAPH RECORDS, of whi.ch the following is a description: - The wax- like compositions now in common use for making phonograph records, such, for example, as those described in patent No. 782,375, granted to Jonas W. Ayls- worth, have qualities v/hich make them specially well adapt¬ ed for this purpose. Such materials can he readily molded, give an accurate copy of the surface of the mold or matrix, and after being molded can be reamed out and trimmed off and otherwise worked with great facility. Phonograph records can be made from these materials at low cost, with simple machinery and by very cheap labor. It is a fact, however, that records made from these wax-like com¬ positions and made as is now the ooramon practice, with sub¬ stantially one hundred record grooves to the inch, after being subjected to a large number of reproductions in the phonograph, show signs of wear, and the character of the reproduction obtained therefrom deteriorates. Obviously, such records will be more rapidly worn when a narrower record groove and a reproducing stylus of correspondingly decreased size are made use of. It is desirable, therefore that a record be made v/hich will have a harder and tougher v/earing surfaoe and v/hich v/ill at the same time retain the -1- good moldable and workable qualities of the records made from the wax-like compositions now used. The object of the present invention is to pro¬ vide a record of the sort just described made from wax or wax-like composition^and having a hardened wearing surfaoe . The material which I use for imparting a hardened wearing surface to the record is a mixture of nitrated oellulose and shellac, dissolved in a suitable solvent, such, for example, as amyl aoetate. This mixture is specially adapt¬ ed for this purpose, sinoe the collodion solution of cellu¬ lose is adapted to impart very great toughness, while the Bhellao greatly increases the hardness of the surface film. In the practice of my invention, I may immerse a phonograph record, either an original or duplicate, which has been made in any of the usual ways, from the usual wax¬ like compositions, in a solution of nitrated cellulose and shellac, dissolved in a&yl acetate, or other equivalent solvent, and after immersing the record in this solution I withdraw it therefrom, leaving a thin film of the solution adhering to its surface. I then dry this film upon the record. While it is drying, I prefer to rotate it slowly upon a vertical mandrel, the mandrel being placed in this position bo that the film of oollodion and shellac will not tend to collect at one side of the record. After the film, which iB extremely thih, so that it will not interfere with or obstruot the undulations of the record groove, has been dried, I place it in a heated chamber and rotate it slowly, leaving it in thisadhamber until the wax-like material of the record has become somewhat softened, but not sufficient¬ ly so to result in the malformation or distortion of the record groove. The effect of this treatment 1b to weld the film to the record so that when cooled it will have a -2- surface of much greater hardness and toughneBS than the wax record previously had, and the reproducing stylus will not tear or detach the film from the wax-like material of the record. The thickness of the film may he governed hy regulating the strength of the solution, a very dilute solution producing a thin film, as will he understood, and a stronger solution a thicker film. The film must not he thlok enough to interfere with the volume of sound produced hy the record. Instead of first forming the record and then pro¬ ducing a hard and tough surface film thereon, as above described, the film may he first formed and the record he then molded or otherwise produced, in which case the process will he oeirried into effect as follows:- I take first the ordinary mold or matrix which has been made in metal from a master record and v/hich is used for molding duplicates, and apply a coating of the solution named above to the negative record surface of this mold or matrix. I preferably apply this material to the mold hy immersing the latter in the solution of nitrated cellulose and shellac in amyl acetate or an equivalent solvent. And after the mold is withdrawn from the solution, I preferably allow it to dry in a vertical position so that there will he no tendency for the solution to gather at one side of the mold and so produce an unduly thick film at that side. After it has been dried, so that substantially all of the volatile solvent used in making the solution has been eliminated, I make use of the mold f orjraoldingj a record therein, using for this purpose any of the materials well-known in the art, hut preferably the wax-like composition now commonly used for thiB purpose. The thickness of the film so produoed -3- I upon the mold and thereafter transferred to the exterior of the waxrlike record, may he controlled by varying the I strene*h of the solution, or by repeatedly dipping the mold in the solution and drying it after each such dipping, as will bo understood. 77hen the record of wax-like materi¬ al is molded within the mold, to which the surface harden¬ ing film has thus been applied, the film will become inti¬ mately welded to the wax-like composition, and when the latter shrinks away from the mold, this surface hardened film will be carried away from the mold by the wax-like composition to which it is welded. The molding may be done in any well-known fashion, either by dipping the mold into the moldable material and allowing it to congeal on the in¬ ner surface of the mold, and then withdrawing the mold with its coating before the mold itself has had time to become heated, as disclosed in Patent No. 683,615, granted to Miller and Aylsworth, on October 1, 1901, or, I may mold the material hy pouring, for example, as disclosed in the patent to Maurice Joyce, No. 831,668, dated September 25, 1906, or, I may mfike use of centrifugal force fo.r molding the material, the mold being rapidly rotated during the formation of the record, as disclosed in patent to Jonas. A. Aylsworth, No. 855,605 dated June 4, 1907, or, I may make uee of other ways known in. the art for 'molding the material. In any case, however.' the molding is done, when the material is placed in the mold and allowed to cool there ■ in, the film of collodion which .was plaoed upon the nega¬ tive record surface of the mold before the wax-like or other moldable ma ter ial was introduced therein, will be¬ come firmly and intimately welded to the outer surface of such material in such a way that when the record is used for reproduction, the reproducing stylus will not detach the surface hardening film. -4- It is evident that the record groove and the undu¬ lations thereof, in a record produced in this manner, v/ill he entirely unaffected hy the presence of the hardened surface of collodion and shellac since the complete record groove will he accurately molded within the hardened sur¬ face film. By this process I am enabled to make use of the surface hardening and toughening film of any desired thick¬ ness and in no manner detraot from the reproducing quali¬ ties of the rooordjv/hile I add very greatly to its life and wearing qualities. Having now described my invention, what I claim is :- 1. A phonograph 'Sfcecord of wax-like composition, having a hardened and tou^Wed surf ace^’of^c oil o^io^^Tnd shellac, substantially as se^forth. 1 .<■ - S. A phonograph record oXnoldable wax-like ma¬ terial, having on its surface a filSj of collodion and shellac||.ntimately ?;elded thereto, siX(i tan ti ally as set % -5- ®f )is specification Signeb anb tuitneSSeb tfjis / 3 bap of X^>^Xl90 f Witnesses: l - tzL. OA^lIuji^j^UMU. _ . 2 - £ iuvzxL ©atb. g>tate of ijcto JTersep ) Count? Of CSSeX j thomas a. guiKOH , tfje abobe nameb petitioner, being bulp Stoorn, bepoSeS anb saps tfjat fje is a citizen of tfje ®niteb States, anb a resibent of Llewellyn Park, Ch'ange , Count, y of Msaex and Statu of Hew .Teraey; tfjat fje beritp fieliebes fjimSelf to be tije original, first anb Sole inbentor of tfje improbements in piiohospaph records , beScribeb anb claitneb in tfje annexeb Specification; tfjat fje boes not fenoto anb boes not beliebe tfjat tfje Same toas eber fmobm or useb before Ijis inbention or biscober? tfjereof; or patenteb or bescribeb in an? printeb publication in tfje finiteb States of America or an? foreign countr? before fjis inbention or biscober? tfjereof, or more tfjan ttoo ?ears prior to tfjis application; or patenteb in an? countr? foreign to tfje fHniteb States on an application fileb more tfjan ttoelbe montfjs prior to tfjis application; or in public use or on Sale in tfje fHniteb States for more tfjan ttoo ?ears prior to tfjis application; anb tfjat no application for patent upon Saib inbention fjas been fileb b? fjim or fjis legal representatibes or assigns in an? foreign countr?. &toorn to anb SubScribeb before me tfjis / 5 bap of 190 J* DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON. D. C.t April 2 ,/908. Thomas A. Ed. i. son, Cara Prank L. Dyer, Orange , yew Jersey. YW 2 100!! i > s f : • Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, for Phonograph Records, filed yarch 18, 1908, serial number 421,884 . The claims »ro rejected in view of the patents of, Petit, Deo. 24, 1901 ,#689, 408, (181-18); Harris, ^eo. 11,1906, #837,927,(181-17); V^lf^Adams-Randals Eng. Patent ,#1058 of 1889, (181-2), and ^ — Emerson , Dec . 18,19(06,^838,968, (181-11) . Applicant is requested to file a drawing of a record tablet having insoribed thereon the names of the elements constituting the same IN TICE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Thomas A. Edison ) PHONOGRAPH RECORDS j Piled March 18, 1908 ) Serial No. 4-21,884 j Room No. 579 HONOR ABU! COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS, SIR: In response to Office action of April 2, 1908, please amend the above entitled case as follows: Claim 1, line 2, after "surface" insert - com¬ posed - . Same line, after "of" insert - a mixture of - . REMARKS Applicant will file a drawing of a record tablet having inscribed thereon the names of the elements constituting the same, before the case goes to issue. Reconsideration and allowance of the claims are requested. None of the references discloses a record of wax-like or moldable material having a film of collod¬ ion and shellao welded to the surface thereof. The near¬ est reference would seem to be Emerson, who discloses a reoord formed entirely of a composition of celluloid in which the shellac is mixed. This 1b, however, an entirely different thing from the invention claimed by applicant. The disclosure of Adams-Randall is also quite different. In his process a backing as of paper iB covered with wax, (1) collodion or the like, on which is superimposed a layer of powdered plumbago, which, after the record is made, is either covered with a layer of motallio varnish or electro- lytically deposited copper. In applicant's caBe, the collodion and shellac forming the tough surface, are thoroughly admixed to form a unitary composition. Respectfully submitted. THOMAS A. EDISON Orange, Now Jersey Mar oh , 1909 ;;d?79 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C„ April 14 ,1909. Thomas A, Kdlaon, Oaro prank L, Dyer, Orange, New jersey . Please find, below a ct D. S. H'Mt Of'FICK, APR 14 1909 MAILED. tion from, the EXAMINER in charge of your application , for Phonograph Records .filed March 16,1908. serial number 421,884. This action is In response to the amendment filed the 27th ultimo. In the patent of Adams-Randall , cited, it is shown to he old to provide a record in BOft material with a harder protective coating. It must he held by the examiner that it is merely an uninvented change over Adams-Randall to provide a commonly (knovm wax-like record wLth such coating of a material well known as a hard record surface material and the claims must he rejected accordingly . IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Thomas A. Edison : PHONOGRAPH RECORDS : Room No. 379. Piled March 18, 1908 : Serial Ho. 421,884 : HONORABIE COMMISSIONER OR PATENTS SIR: In response to rejection of April 14, 1909, please amend this oase as follows: ^ Cancel the Claims and substitute the following: / A phonograph record of moldable wax- like com¬ position having the record groove on. the surface thereof and having a hardened and toughened surfaoe layer or film thereon composed of a mixture of collodion and shellac intimately welded thereto, substantially as deBorlbed. REMARKS Reconsideration and allowance of this applica¬ tion as amended are respectfully requested. The olaimB have been canceled and a n ew one substituted therefor whioh is thought to distinguish suff ioient^from all the references. In Adams-Randall , the surfaoe layer is not welded to the wax composition, a layer of graphite being interposed between the wax and the base. Neither is the (1) specific surfacing material, namely, a mixture of collod¬ ion and shellac, disclosed in this reference or in any other. It is thought that applicant is the first to place a protective coating on a wax surface in intimate engagement thorowith. Respectfully submitted, THOMAS A. EDISON By At t o rno^. Orange, N. J. April 7th, 1910. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, Washington, d. c., April 23,1910. Thorao.f3 A, Edison, Care Tronic T<, Dyer, 0ran;;o , ev? Jerney. Care Edison Laboratory. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, APR 23 1910 M A 1 L E D . for Phonograph Records, filed 'torch IS, 1908, norial number 421,884. This action in responsive to the amendment filed April 8,1910. After a oaroful consideration nothing patentable Is found in the claim over tlie references of record and the claim ia finally rojootod upon the references and for the reasons of record. in THIS UNIT 'HU STATES PATENT OFFICE. THOMAS A. 'EDISON, ) PHONOGRAPH RECORDS, ) Room No. 379. Piled March IS, 1908, ) Serial No. 421,884. ) HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS, SIR: I hereby appeal to the Examiners-in- Chief from the doc 1b ion of the principal Examiner in the matter of my application for Letters patent for PHONOGRAPH RECORDS, filed March. 18, 1908, Serial No. 421,884, which on the twenty- third day of April, 1910, was finally rejected. The following are the points of the decision upon which the appeal ie taken: 1. The Examiner erred in rejecting the claims. 2. The Examiner erred in holding the olaims to be without patentable novelty. An oral hearing iB requested. Very respectfully, THOMAS A. EDISON, Orange, New Jersey, April h 1911. His Attorney. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON The oase of 191/, oLc&A-7A- [no.^ t/j //# will be heard by the f^i““rs-inlchief /If ^ day of (gfijjpi 191 /, Ls the J^KjCbfc 'oase on the assignment for that day. The hearings will oommenoe at J o 1 olook, and as soon as the argument in one oase is oonoluded the suooeeding oase will on the It i! be taken up. If any party, or his attorney, shall not appear when the oase is oalled, his right to an oral hearing will be regarded as waived; The time allowed for arguments is as follows: Ex parte oases, thirty minutes; Motions, thirty minute’s, each side; Interference appeals, final hearing, one hour each side. By special leave, obtained before the argument is oommenoed, the time may be extended. The appellant shall have the right to open and conclude in interference cases, and in suoh case a full and fair opening must be made . Briefs in interference appeals must be filed in accordance with the provisions of Rule 147 . Respectfully, IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OPPICE Application of Thomas A. Edison, for Phonograph Records, Piled I.Taroh 18,1908, Ser. # 421,884, Atty: Prank L. Dyer . } -K I ) pefore the Hon. Board of j Examiners-in-Chief . ) ) ) Examiner's Statement . This is an appeal from the Examiner's final rejection of the following claim : 1. A phonograph record of moldahle wax-like composition having the record groove on the surface thereof and having a hardened and toughened surface 'layer or film thereon composed of a mixture of collodion and shellac intimately welded thereto, subst an¬ tially as described . The references relied upon are: Petit , $^589, 408, Dec . 24 , 1 901 , (181-1S ) ; Aylsworth,#855,605, June 4,1907, same olass, and Aylsworth,#782,375,veb. 14,1905, (181-17). Probably Petit alone anticipates the claim, exoept for the material of the body portion or foundation of the record. Petit discloses in Pigure 1 a phonograph record having a body or foundation 9 oovered with a thin film of toughened or hardened material 8. petit states on page 1, line 28, that this film is made of celluloid, gelatine, lao, oollodlon, eto (lac and shellac are the same). It is true that the present applicant Btates that the collodion and shell ao are mixed but if it is old as shown in Petit to use oollodlon and also to use lao or shellac, it is not believed to involve invention to UBe a mixture of the two out of which to make the: film of toughened material. . — The patents to Aylsworth show it to be old to make the rocord of wax-like composition. Respectfully submitted: Examiner, Division XXIII . April 24,1911 IN TUB UNITED STATES PATENT OPPIOB Application of ) Thomna A. Edison for : PHONOGRAPH RECORDS : Piled March 18, 1908 l Serial No. 421,884 : Before the Honorable Board of Examiners -in-Chief APPELLANT'S BRIEF This Is an appeal from the Examiner's final rejection of the following olaim:- A phonograph reoorcl of moldable wax-like com¬ position having the record groove on the surface thereof and having a hardened and toughened sur- faoe layer or film thereon composed of a mixture of oollodion and shellac intimately welded thereto, substantially as described. The applicant's invention relates to phonograph reoords, and more particularly to a reoord of readily mold- able material which has a tough wearing surfaoe adapted to be subjeoted to a large number of reproductions without sensible wear- V/ax-like compositions no w in common use for making phonograph reoords, such, for example, as those described in patent No. 782,375, granted to Jonas W. Ayls- worth, oan be readily molded, give an accurate copy of the surfaoe of the mold or matrix, and after being molded, oan be reamed out and trimmed off, or otherwise worked with great faaility. Phonograph reoords can furthermore be made of these materials at low oost, with simple machinery, and by very cheap labor. Reoords made from those wax-like (1) oompositions , however , after being subjected to a large number of reproductions on n phonograph, chow signs of wear and the oharaoter of the reproductions obtained there¬ from deteriorates. It is desirable, therefore, that a reoord bo made whioh will have a harder and tougher wearing surfaoe, and whioh will at the same time retain the good moldable and workable qiialities of the reoords made from the wax-like composition. The applicant’s invention ooneists in the pro¬ vision of a reoord of moldable wax-like composition having the reoord groove on the surfaoe thereof and having there¬ on a hardened and toughened surfaoe layer or film com¬ posed of a mixture of collodion and shellac intimately welded to the wax-like composition. In order to indioate how this surfaoe film can be applied to the reoord, the applicant suggests sevoral processes. According to the first mentioned process, a phonograph reoord whioh has been made in any of the usual ways from the usual wax -like compositions, is immersed in a solution of oollodion and shellao dissolved in a suitable solvent, suoh as amyl aoetate, so that upon withdrawing tho reoord from the solution, a thin film of the solution ad¬ heres to the same. This film is then dried upon tho reoord, the latter being subsequently placed in a heated ohamber, where it is left until the wax-like material of the reoord has beoome somewhat softened, but not suffioion;- ly so to result in the malformation or distortion of the reoord groove. This treatment welds the film to the reoord, so that when cola it will have a film of suoh hard- (2) ness that the reproducing Btylus will not tear or detach tho game from the wax -like material of the reoord. The npplioant also suggests that instead of first forming the reoord and then produoing a hard and tough sux- faoe film thereon, the film may be formed first, and the reoord then molded or otherwise produoed in the following manner:- A ooating of the solution of the reoord composi¬ tion is applied to the mold as by dipping the latter into the solution, and after withdrawal from tho solution, allow¬ ing it to dry. A reoord is then molded in the ooated mold from any of the well known wax -like compositions. The film becomes firmly welded to the wax -like composition dur¬ ing the molding, so that when the reoord shrinks from the mold, tho hardened surface film will be oarried from the mold with the wax-like composition to which it is welded. The claim is rejected upon the following patents: - Petit, No. 689,408, Deoemher 84, 1901; Aylsworth, No. 782,375, February 14, 1905; Aylsworth, No. 855,605, June 4, 1907. The Examiner explains the re jootion by stating that ' •' Petit discloses a phonograph reoord having a body portion or foundation oovered with a thin film of toughened or herdoned material, the materials oomprising the mixture employed by the applicant for the surfaoo film being mentioned by Petit individually, but not as a mixture, and tho wax -like compos¬ ition for the reoord being disclosed by AylBworth. The Examiner seems to have loot eight of one of the prinoipal features of the invention, namely, that the reoord (3) groove is formed on the surface of the mold able wax -like composition. "his feature is not disoloaed in any of the referenoes of record. The patent to l’otit, which appears to he the principal reference relied upon hy the Examiner disoloses in Figure 3 a surface film which has a somewhat irregular interior surface, hut a mere inspection of this figure indicates that the inner surfaoe of the film does not contain an aoourate oopy of the reoord impression. Petit's intention was evidently to build up a composite reoord having a record bearing surfaoe veneer, and a foundation (not a reoord) of a similar material, whereas the applicant's object was to apply to the surfaoe of a oomplete wax-like reoord a suitable hardor and tougher protective coating. That Eotit did not have in mind the applicant's invention is indicated by his reference to the inner portion of his reoord ub a "foundation" or "oylindri (not a reoord). oal shell",/ (See line 6, page 2) Neither of the patents to AylBWorth disoloses this feature of !he applicant's invention. She Kxaminor furthermore takes the ground that as long as the various materials of the compositions, spooi fied in the claim for the surfaoe layer and reoord have been separately referred to as suitable for making phono¬ graph reoords, their combination in the manner set forth in the claim in issue does not involve invention. In the first plaoe, it is pointed out that neither the patent to Petit nor any of the other patents of reoord disoloses a "mixture of oollodion and Bhellao" for the surfaoe layer of the reoord, Petit merely mentioning the use of these (4) materinls separately. In reference to the materials em¬ ployed by the applicant , it is submitted that even if these various materials are separately old, there is invention in combining them as set forth in the claim. By reason of the good molding qualities of the wqx-lilce compositions and of the superior wearing qualities of the mixture of collod¬ ion and Bhollao called for by the claim in issue, it iB desirable to form a reoord of the former materials pro¬ vided with a wearing Burf ace of the latter materials. Neither the Petit nor the AylBworth patents point out how this can be done. In lines 14 to 18, page 8 of his patent of record. Petit stetos as follows :- "The foundation is preferably made of material adapted to be softened and connected by heat and pressure through adhesion to the duplicate sound reoord film, and the material of the foundation is preferably of Buoh a nature as to carry a substance of similar nature to that composing the film, either by being impregnated with, or by having an applied surfaoe ooating of, suoh material, so that the connection formed betweeh the two by heat and pressure may be a oemeriting aotion. The material of the foinidation may be and preferably is the same as that of the film, but loaded with pigment to give body and cheapness . " In view of this statement, Petit's prooess is evidently not designed for use in oonneotion with different materials suoh aB those specified in the olaim in issue. The Aylsworth patents also offer no suggestion how the wax-like materials mentioned therein oan be welded to ap¬ plicant's speoifio surfnoe composition. It is furthermore pointed oxit that as the mater¬ ial of Petit's foundation is merely rendered plastio and (5) is not molted or fused, the pressing of the same against a thin surface film svioh as that contemplated by the appli¬ cant would be apt to tear or otherwise injure the said film. By the applicant's processes as outlined in the specification, this objection iB obviated, ana the secure welding together of the wax-like rooord and its surfaoe abating is rendered possible. The applicant, therefore, by nev? processes, has produced an article not disclosed in the prior art and one whioh evidently oould not be produced by the processes heretofore known; and the Honorable Board of Examiners - in-Chiof are accordingly, in view of the foregoing re¬ marks, respectfully requested to adjudge the olaim in issue patentable in their decision on this appeal. Respectfully submitted, THOMAS As EDISON By _ His Attorney Orange, Hew Jersey August , 1911. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON 3 .Thomas. .A.. Edison, . o/o . 1’rnnlc L ... Dy.ei’ , . Atty . , . Orp-nge.,... . N. J. Sir: Inclosed find copy of deoision this day rendered by the (. ex parte ] Examiners in Chief in the case of . ( ftttWRfieaKBftfee) . . . Thomas A. Edison, . aerial. Mo.,. 421,884. By direction of the Commissioner: Very respeotfully. Appeal llo . 4225 3. PATENT OFFICE . October 6, 1911. Before the Examiners- in-Chief , on Appeal . Application of Thomas A. Edison for a patent fo.r an improve¬ ment in phonograph Records, filed March 18, 1908, serial Ho. 421,884. Hr. Frank I,. Dyer, attorney for appellant . The applicant hae appealed from the action of the primary ex¬ aminer finally rejecting the following claim: - "A phonograph record of moldable v/ax-like composition having the reoord groove on the surface thereof and having a hardened and toughened surface layer or film thereon com¬ posed of a mixture of collodion and shellac intimately weld¬ ed thereto, substantially aB described." The references cited are;- Petit, 689,408, December 24, 1901, Aylsworth.855,605, June 4, 1907, Aylaworth.782,370, February 14, 1905. We find no error in the action of the primary examiner finally .rejecting the appealed claim upon the patent to Petit, taken in connection with the Aylsworth patents. The grounds of our position are in the main those set forth in our decisions of even date here¬ with in appellant's applications # 421,886 and #421,887. Here, as in those cases, the claim is not limited to a groove in the backing corresponding to the record groove, and here, aB in application No. 421,886, the claim would not be allowable if it were so limited, the British patent to Adams-Randall , of record, sufficiently sug¬ gesting such a construction • Moreover, there is no relation be¬ tween the specific coating to which the appealed claim iB directed tf 4222—2, and a groove corresponding to the record groove made in the materi¬ al of the backing which might justify the inclusion of both of these features in a single claim. The references do not specifi¬ cally mention a mixture of collodion and shellac for the surface material, but the patent to Petit suggests the use of these materi¬ als separately for thin purpose. Ordinarily, invention is not in¬ volved in the use of a mixture of substances, each of which has been before used in the position under consideration. Such mix¬ ing is frequently adopted in the arts generally, in order to get an average of the desirable qualities of different substances, or to get eaoh of several desirable qualities separately possessed by them, It has not been shown and we do not perceive that this case presents any exception to the ordinary rule in this respect. The action of the primary examiner finally rejecting the ap¬ pealed claim is affirmed. Fairfax Bayard, T. G. Steward, Frank C. Skinner, Examiners- in- Chief . , fe|^. „__ Co r, ^ r.—. aKoJLD (^ -dj, ^ - ^ f e^t~ ^ u-Oc/v. LAj~~eux. t C-t^cCt—d-Lt-^ > c^eXHK^z. , r ->-' ar-dr~^-' ^^Jr~<£A o^j^\ Uv=o^ ~f I _>fi-4. cHp^'y. ^ - sLj'a=£i. . '2-^CJ— --^-^y-^ ^ si* '~~-'-**-t - i m * 1~^j/V.,: ' • * I 6V sZ-La--<^^n--<> cSL-S-^jz-t-ii , «jcV -v^ct^ . qajiJU^JL>Z)' -<-*> ~^ukcj^ zJ ^J^uJia-^. - ijtf'-" — ■1^'ii^ &4^(JLt^i^. -~l~~^k''OCX3Lj ejUUL^At-**^ *i~-/ sZ*> -»-w~2>’ _<&✓ -OajtU+suJ*. j> ~ hQ^Ct^-orySl Y-iCO^> -V\f| lCwn\|n CttJ «. i\CV-VC< O .. . 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C-cru^-p cvuTtl LO l tlC” _ /k t-JjL* U>sx«e.e-d - uocLL-f Y’^ •**-' . . ,7 . . ° ' - 6 — 2 °^Kjl - - y cL •\M-Crv~4cL cr( tyJLekJ^fcZf <=v_- a&fcfcz. «*| e-cGu gsaasafc\ cb\c-C(sU* |fawp?iee*-6^w •f' e^\W <&e> • J>t ojfcg^L VVttj£T <5 u <2,C«_w.i wW •ZtZZe^L “* “ ^ '(sIjZaa. tsL^L ’’f^c Itc o-LtjCtS' [Jju&s LJj ®^c ^ t«U cJ-^-e ’Tvuo-t ^e.<*L 6- c—^. t,t>euP C^c- ^-t-i_a.e^^ c1— -£>-vu/ C ewt-'A et o^S' / 'I-'' (A~SlZ (-JL^LcZib UJ C <|V — i±,(~+JLjt* '-(— _^r <■- caa. h C^w Jl*. f^*-. CLou-t^t. e o^s. _ o*_ vif ft. C.g-^M-'f*”" Qy^Q.C~i ex.<4 GO f'^U2_(iS^^c C€sr> c, ~L*JLs**J ts'iu CObl^c «--ce. — i - ^L^SL^tO^a^ ^“-^cCA-C-VW rl/Cut- r ..J^.Mb W-O-oJi-sl — 'J tfctl-U-o <-£}'&■( ^ 0~lf /l.U-e^&c. J'ut-Q-c^^ £)c6Ua<7,' '.l«."4 *•- UJitA.—^ ^Petition. ®o tfjc Commissioner of patents: i’our petitioner thohas a. edisoh a citijen of tfje ©niteb States, residing anb fjabing a Post Office abbreSS at Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and State of Hew Jersey; praps tfjat letters patent map be granteb to fjim.for tfje improbentents in PHOHOGHAPH RECORDS, { %CUA't% | Set fortfj in tfje annexeb specification; anb Ije fjerebp appoints jfranb TL. ©per (Registration J2o. 560), of ©range, J2eto 3foi&P> fjfe attornep, Un'tfj fnU potoer of substitution anb rebocation, to prosecute this application, to make alterations anb amenbments tfjerein, to receibe tfje patent, anb to transact all business in tfje Patent Office connecteb tfjerebjitfj. 'LCLV CO: _ - SPECIFICATION - TO ALL WHOM I1‘ MAY CONCERN: BE IT KNOWN, that I, THOMAS ALVA EDISON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Llewellyn Parle, Orange, County of Essex and State of New Jersey, have in¬ vented certain new and useful improvements in PHONOGRAPH RECORDS, of which the following is a description:- The wax-lilce compositions now in common use for making phonograph records, such, for example, as that described in patent No. 782,375, granted to Jonas W. Ayls- worth, have qualities which make them specially adapted for this purpose. Such materials can he readily molded, give an acourate copy of the surface of the mold or matrix, and after being molded can be reamed out and trimmed off and otherwise worked with great facility. Phonograph records can be made from these materials at low cost, with simple machinery and by very cheap labor. It is a fact, however, that records made from these wax-like com¬ positions and made as is now the common practice, with substantially one hundred record grooves to the inch, after being subjected to a large number of reproductions on the phonograph, show signs of wear and the character of the reproduction obtained therefrom is not so good as at first. Obviously, such records would be more rapidly worn if a narrower record groove and a reproducing stylus of correspondingly decreased size are made use of] It is A desirable, therefore, that a record be made which v/ill have a harder and tougher wearing surface and which will -1- at the same time retain the good Biddable and 'workable qualities of the reoorde made from the wax-like composi¬ tions now used. The object of my invention is to provide a record of the sort just described, made from v/ax or wax- V like composition^ and having a hardened wearing surface. My invention also comprises a novel process for making such a record. In the practice of my invention I prefer¬ ably take a duplicate or original phonograph record, which has been made in any of the usual ways from the usual wax- like composition, and immerse, it in a solution of nitrated cotton in any of the ordinary solvents used for this pur¬ pose, as for example, acetate of amyl, which is commonly ' made ubs of for providing a liquid solution from which films are made for photographic use.' I may, if desired, add a small percentage of camphor to the nitrated cotton, thus making a celluloid collodion solution, but this may be dispensed with, / 3 After immersing the record in this solution, I withdraw it therefrom, leaving a thin film of the solution adhering to its surface. I then dry this film upon the record. While it is drying I prefer to rotate it slowly upon a vertical mandrel, the mandrel being placed in this position so that the film of collodion will not tend to collect at one side of the reoord. , After the film, which is extremely thin, so that it will not interfere with or obstruct the undulations of the reoord groove, has been dried, I place it in a heated chamber and rotate it slowly, . leaving it in thiB chamber until the wax-like material of •the record has beoome somewhat softened, but not sufficient' so to result in the information or distortion of the -2- record groove. The effect of this treatment is to weld the film to the record, so that when cooled the latter •will have a surface of much greater hardness and toughness than the wax record previously had, and owing to the weld¬ ing of the film in place, the reproducing styluB will not tear or detach the film from the wax-like material of the record. I The thickness of the film may he governed hy regulating the strength of the solution, a very dilute solution producing a thin film, as will be understood, and a stronger solution a thicker film. The film must obviously not be thick enough to interfere with the volume of sound produced by the record. Having no w described my invention, I claim: - 1. A phonograph record of wax-like composition and having a hardened collodion sm-face, substantially aa sot forth. 2. A phonograph reoord of moldablo v/ax-liko material and having on its surface a film of collodion intimately welded thereto, substantially as set forth. 3. The process of imparting a surface hardening to a phonograph record of wax-like material, which consists in coating a .record v/ith a film of surface hardening ma¬ terial, in drying this coating and in welding the coating to the wax-like composition, substantially as set forth. 4. The proooss of imparting a surfaoe hardening to a phonograph record of wax-like material, which consists in coating the record with a film of collodion solution, in drying this coating and in welding the coating to the wax“^:I-*£e composition by the action of heat, substantially as set forth. -3- 3. The process of imparting a surface hardening to the phonograph record of wax-like material which con¬ sists in coating the record v/ith a film of collodion so¬ lution, in rotating the record' about a vertical axis to dry it, and in heating the record to weld the surface coating thereto, and allowing the record to cool, substan¬ tially as set forth. ®f)is Specification Signeb anb toitneSSeb this ' 3 bap of /W^Xi90 f _ £- l^LcrWLCVU Ci FcLld^nsO _ Witnesses: l . _ H^aicimIs ■ £)ujAJ _ Liuik-u 0atb, g>tatc of J2eto 3ferSep } Count? of Cssex ) thomas a. Edison, , the abobe nameb petitioner, being btilp stoorn, beposes anb saps tfjat fje is a citizen of tlj^fHniteb states, anb a resibent Of Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and State of Hew Jersey; tfjat fje berilp beliebeS himself to be tfje original, first anb Sole inbentor of the improbements in phonograph records, bescribeb anb claimeb in tfje annexeb Specification: tfjat fje boes not fenoto anb boes not befiebe tfjat tfje same bias eber bnobm or useb before fjis inbention or biscoberp thereof ; or patenteb or bescribeb in anp printeb publication in tfje fElniteb States of America or anp foreign countrp before fjis inbention or biscoberp thereof, or more than ttoo pears prior to this application; or patenteb in anp countrp foreign to the fSniteb States on an application fileb more than ttoelbe months prior to this application; or in public use or on Sale in the fUniteb States for more than ttoo pears prior to this application; anb that no application for patent upon saib inbention has been fileb bp hint or fjis legal representatibes or assigns in anp foreign countrp. - -C Cb ■ Stoorn to anb SubScribeb before me this /J bap of 190 t _ \Jrl\dl-JyuJtJs _ [S>eal] (j jSotarp public. S —800. should bo addrcfcilxlj^*' J* H» D# “•Xj. 317 SJiraawi** DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, I Thomas A. Edison, Care prank L. Dyer, Orange, New jersey , Please find below a communication pom, the EXAMINER in charge of your a/i/tUeatlon, for Phonograph Records, filed March 18,. 1908, serial number 421,885 . Applicant is requested to file a drawing of a tablet having insoribed thereon the names of the elements constituting the same and also a diagrammatic nx illustration of the steps of the process claimed . Claims 1 and 2 specify a record which may be made by processes other than that specified in the remaining claims and accordingly division must be required to the end that claims 1 and 2 be presented in one application and claims 3, 4 and 5 in another application . In amending, applicant may consider the following patents: / Pet it, pec. 24,1901 ,#689,408, (181-16), and / Harris, peo. 11, 1906, #837, 927, (181-17) . Folio No . 3.88 . Applicant. Address. . ■teL./L. : . . . . ■ / ' . 'r . . . . : . . l/ ' • Filed . . Examiner’s Room No . ’^7^7 Assignee . . Ass’g’t Exec . . Recorded . Liber. . Page. Patent No . . . Issued.. ORANGE, NEW JERSEY. petition VLo tfje ©ommisisfioner of patents!: gour petitioner TH0;-'AS A. Edison, a citizen of tfje fHniteb States, rc$ibing anb fjabing a Posit ©ffice abbresfss at Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and State of IT ew Jersey; prajisi tfjat lettersi patent map tie grantcb to fjirn for tfje itnprobementsf in PHONOGRAPH RECORDS, siet fortfj in tfje attnexeb sipecifiention; anb fje fjerebp appoints! jfranb TL. ©per (Pegisitration i?o. 560), of ©range, Jteto Jcrsfcp, fjisi attornep, toitfj full potoer of siubeftitution anb rebocation, to prosfecute tijisi application, to matte alterations! anb amenbmentsi tfjerein, to receibe tfje patent, anb to transfact all busfittesie! in tfje Patent ©ffice connecteb tfjeretoitfj. - SPECIPICATION TO ALli WHOM IT HAY CONCERN: BE IT HNOWH, that I, THOMAS A. EDI SOU, a citi¬ zen of the United States, residing at Llewellyn Park, Oiange, County of Essex and State df Hew Jersey, have invented oertain new and useful improvements in PHONOGRAPH RECORDS, of which the following is a description: - The wax-like compositions now in oommdn use for making phonograph records, such, for example, as those described in Patent Ho. 762,375, granted to Jonas V/. Ayls- worth, have qualities which make them specially well adapted for this purpose. Such materials can be readily molded, give an accurate copy of the surface of the mold or matrix, and after being molded can bo reamed out and trimmed off and otherwise worked with great facility. Phonograph records can be made from those materials at low cost, with simple machinery and by very cheap labor. It is a fact, however, that reoordB made from these wax-like compositions and made, as is now the common practice, with substantially one hundred record grooves to the inch, after being subjected to a large number of reproductions in the phonograph, show signs of we ar and the charaoter of the reproduction obtained therefrom deteriorates. Obviously, suoh records are more rapidly worn when a narrower record groove and a reproducing stylus of correspondingly de¬ creased size are made use of. It is desirable, therefore, that a reoord be made which v/ill havo a harder and tougher wearing surface and which will at the same time retain the -1- good moldable and workable qualities of the records made from the wax-like compositions now used. The object of the present invention i3 to pro¬ vide a record of the sort just described made from wax or v/ax-like composition, and having a hardened arid toughened, wearing surface. The material which I proferably use for forming this surface is shellac. In the practice of my invention I preferably take a phonograph record which has boon made in any of the usual ways from the usual wax¬ like oomijositions, and immerse it in a solution of shellac dissolved in a solvent such as aloofcol. Aftor immeraing the rnoord in this solution I 'withdraw it therefrom, having a thin film adhering to its surface. .1 then dry this film upon the record, and while it is drying I prefer to rotate it slowly upon a vertical mandrel, the mandrel being placed in this position so that the film of aheliao will not tend to collect at one side of the record. After the film, which is extremely thin, so that it will not interfere with or obstruct the undulations of the record groove, has been dried, I place it in a heated chamber and rotate it slowly, leaving it in this chamber until the v/ax-like material of the record has become somewhat softened but not. sufficiently eo to result in malformation or distortion of the record groove. The effect of this treatment is to weld the film to the record no that when cooled it will havo a surface of muoh greater hardness and toughness than the wax record pre¬ viously had, and the reproducing stylus will not tear or detach the film from the wax-like material of the reoord. The thickness of the film may be governed by regulating the strength of the solution, a very dilute solution pro¬ ducing a thin film, as will be understood, and a stronger -2- solution a thicker film. The film must not ho thiok enough, to interfere v;i th the volume of sound produced by the record. Having now described my Invention, what ^ claim is:- 1. A p.ho nogr aphj’o cord made of wax-like composit and having a hardened aurfao^of^ghellac, substantially as Get. forth. , p 'x. A phonograph rooord of voidable wax-like ma- U04H<(/{, ,Vy Ic fM- sCfttfi-t/t-fa- * ItsC/His T/ic tefial,, and^having orbits surface a film of shellao jfati- mately welded thereto, substantially as net forth. " "... J ^-i.<)t£Su'j' L'fj £ , , Hfl) is Specification Signet) anti toitneSSeb tljis '^^bap of 4 _ /^-o . _ 1. 'ztjUiiMsdx.. _ _ 2.^ktart^ft ^L-CZC^- — - ©atb. £>tate of J2cto Jersey j County of (Essex j THOMAS a. EDisoir , tfjc abobe nameb petitioner, being bulp Stoorn, beposes anb says that be is a citizen of tfje ZHniteb States, anb a resibent Of Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Tisaez and State of Hew Jersey; tfjat fje berilp beliebes fjimSelf to be tfje original, first anb Sole inbentor of tfje improbements in phonograph records', bescribeb anb elaimeb in tfje annexeb specification; that be boes not Imoto anb boes not beliebe that tbe same bias eber Imoton or useb before W& inbention or biscoberp thereof ; or patenteb or bescribeb in anp printeb publication in tbe tUniteb States of America or anp foreign country before bfe inbention or biseoberp thereof, or more than ttoo pears prior to this application; or patenteb in anp country foreign to the IHniteb States on an application fileb more than ttoelbe months prior to this application; or in public use or on Sale in the ©niteb States for more than ttoo pears prior to this application; anb that no application for patent upon Satb inbention ijfto been fileb bp him or W legal representatibes or assigns in anp foreign country. _ C /{unvuids CO • Stoorn to anb SubScribeb before me this ^ S bap of 7^^-u. 190 S [Seal] Jlotarp public. United States Patent Office, Washington, d. c., April 2,1908. Thomas A. Edison, Care -prank L. Dyer, Orange, New jersey Please find below communication from, the EXAMINER in charge of y application. for Phonograph Records , .filed March 18,1908, serial number 421,886 . Commissioner of Patents . Applicant is requested to file a drawing of a conventional tablet with the names of the elements constituting the Barae inscribed thereon. •A The claims are rejected in view of the British Patent of Adams-Randall,#1058 of 1889, (181-2), which discloses a varnished wax-like record, and the patentsof Petit, Dec. 24, 1901, #689, 408, (181-16), and Harris, Dec. 11,1906, #837,927, (181-17), IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OP? ICE Thomas A. Edison ) PHONOGRAPH RECORDS j Piled March 18, 1908 ) Serial Ho. 421,886 ) Room Ho. 379 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS, SIR: In response to Office action of April 2, 1908, please amend the above entitled case as follows: Cancel Claim 1, and renumber Olaim 2 and Claim 1. Add the following as Claim 2: 2. A phonograph record comprising a„cyiyiden, of * moldable wax- like materialmans having a thin film of J shellac intimately welded to its surface, substantially as set forth. REMARKS Applicant will file a drawing of a convention¬ al tablet before the case goes to issue. Reconsideration and allowance of the claims are requested. Adams-Randall does not disclose a film of shellao intimately welded to the surface of a record of moldable wax-like material. The intimate welding of a tough surfacing material to the wax-like record in (1) applicant's case 1b the result of the process employed, hy him as described on page 2 of the Specification and which produces a product different from that disclosed hy Adams-Randall. The patents to Harris and Petit referred to hy the Examiner both disclose a celluloid surfacing on a foundation, which is an entirely different thing from that claimed hy applicant. Respectfully submitted. Orange, New Jersey March J/'f , 1909 DEPARTMENT INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, Washington, d. c„ April 14,1909. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, for Phonograph IlecordR , filed jrarch 18.1908, serial number 421,886 . This aotlon is In response to the amendment filed the 26th instant . Adams -Randall discloses a Tarnish had hardening; surface upon a softer record base. This varnish is the equivalent of applicant's shellac . Petit discloses a lac hardening surface welded upon any selected record base material. Harris discloses a celluloid hard surface upon a wax-like base. The examiner oan see no patentable change made hy applicant in merely planing an old lac hardening surface such as Pettit has disclosed upon a wax-like base, which is evidently included among the materials petit covers by his broad statement relating to his base materials • The claims are rejected . y : III Tina UNITED STATES PATENT OPPICE Thomas A. Edison PHONOGRAPH RECORDS Piled March 13, 1908 Sorial No. 421,886 Room No. 379. HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS SIR: In response to rejection of April 14, 1909, please amend this case as follows: L/ Claim 1, line 2, after "material" insert - having a record groove formed on the surface thereof - . Claim 2, line 2, insert - having a record groove formed on the surface thereof - after "material". REMARKS Reconsideration and allowance of this appli¬ cation as amended are respectfully requested. Adams- Randall does not disclose a record in which a surfacing film is intimately welded to a haBe of wax-like material having the record groove thereon, since in his oase a layer of graphite is interposed between the wax and the protective coating, the record being formed in the graphite. Neither do any of the other references cited by the Examiner show the invention as claimed. The intimate welding of a tough surfacing material to the (1) wax- lllco record in applicant's case is the result of the process employed hy him as described on page 2 of the specification, which process necessarily produces a different article from that disclosed by the different patentees. Respeotf u}.ly submitted, TK01AAS A. BID ISON Atto ZX Orange, N. J. April 7th, 1910. United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C„ April 23,1510. "(U ii-Fi'CT APR 23 1910 M A I L E D . Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, far PhonoRrapli Records, filed March 18,1908, serial number 421,886. Commissioner of Patents. Thomas A. Edison,- (’.iiga prgfjc L. Pyor, Ed l son Tj a" jo ratory. Orange, How yersoy . This aotion is responsive to the amendment filed April 8,1910. After a careful consideration nothing is found of patentable nature in the claims over the references of reoord and both claims lire finally rejected upon the references and for the reasons of record . Ilf THU UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. THOMAS A. EDISON, ) PHONOGRAPH RECORDS , ) Piled March 18, 1908, ) Serial No. 421,886. ) Room No . 379 . I HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS: sir: I hereby appeal to the Examiners -in- Chief from the deoision of the principal Examiner in the matter of my application for Letters Patent for PHONOGRAPH RECORDS, filed March 18, 1908, Serial No. 421,886, which on the twenty- third day of April, 1910, was finally rejected. The following are the points of the deoision upon which the appeal is taken: 1. The Examiner erred in rejecting the claims. 2. The Examiner erred in holding the olairaij to he without patentable novelty. An oral hearing is requested. Very respectfully, THOMAS A. EDISON Orange, New jersey, His Attorney? April 1911. IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE . Application of Thomas A. Edison, for Phonograph Records ,f Piled Mal’oh 10,1908, . 5er.No; 421,886, Atty: nrank T., Dyer . "Before the Hon. Board of Examiners- in-Chief . Examiner's Statement . This is an appeal from the Examiner's final rejection of the foil ov/in e claims: . . r* A Phonoftr-nph record of moldahle wax- like material, having a record groove formed on the surface thereof, and having iSTtll tSell*° int0ffl&lely welaed t^retj,havlns ' £s;r g?,f„a on t„e stk\2k? -sisiajvnf The references relied upon are, Petit, #689, 408, Dec. 24, 1901, Acoustics, 16; Ayl sworth,#782, 37 5 , -Feb. 14,1906, (Aooustics.17) . deferred to on paste 1 of applicant's speo.) TPetit alone meets the claims since Petit states on page 1, line, 28, that the material he uses to make the film 8 illustrated in Figure 1, is lac which is the same as shellac , which "by the way, is a very common material for making phonograph reoords of* Petit, however, is not clear as to whether he uses wax-like material for his foundation or "body portion 9 illustrated in Figure 1, hut to substitute the common wax-like material of AyiBWorth for the material of Petit, is not thought to be invention. Respectfully submitted: Examiner, Division XXIII . April 24,1911 . Sir: The oaae of DEPARTMENT OP THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OPPIOE WASHINGTON | No. ^2-// ]Tf£, win be heard by -in-Chief /^*tday of ^JJjUyJUu 191/ It is the ^l$jyrv\d , Orange , . N...J . Sir : Inclosed find copy of decision this day rendered by the ( ex parte ) Examiners in Chief in the ] case of ( in. f-bS/fafi <£7" /aS~ I P s^' cS-S^f " .. / *>■ - ^ * f*7, 7^7, v '' " " £Cjl c\/l4tuuKt M_, i^-*- . ^ ,.<*£> ~tf (LCr-p-BsC . sO 0 .. ’jtvLG. /k^rf&a (Z&dc&z ..jJ^A \?&ALrr . . <£-«■- <£U=r>toe- Lo<^ frU-c. Ql^f^X^-nA- — — ‘ AJLjZ^ c-o -^«!>-«^->1^' - ^'ty $-<^$-yfC( (gJ! (stl—G— uMaj^-l'vr *Q e^jnn^ ^ ^/Cjz^IKl. rt-'O-xa t-^3 °i — iL*x .^CjCk-H-c ffsfe^ C*dd?L-t-u> cXj-%. i ^ ( o/_ ^ I © ^jjo «j-C^ £^^(xWl Cm ALsrO ? yu Acs, 1- \ Y €jd:^^(f- - tT'ru^— — 3U r£» ~a6r L^—w CX©"V<^-t*--«--'G^^!p't>^. C _ _ T&r~ (^Cl^TwX^. ^-C2 ^ X$ZZ (Z^XXZZ^ZZ-^ Ls» C*sf ' L“( o-c»Jl.«.« — *t~ exv-**^- -\l . Folio No . .391 Serial No . Applicant. . Title QsiOxaM/....Aum?0.. Filed . 'jSLSJL Assign* Ass’g’t Exec^^.^.^^RecordecT^^^^Liberr^Z^. Page, Patent Issued ACTIONS. "TO ALL WHOM IT 'MAY C01TCER1T: “ . BE IT K2TOVQT, that I, THOMAS A. EDISOIT, a citizen of the United States and a resident of Llewellyn 'Parky ■Orangeyln~the 'County "of Essex ~and~State~of”lTew - ;r ; until is is in condition to he used in construction work or to be submitted to The ordinary tests". ~ "" Obviously," the "absorption of- atmospheric - moisture -is-a -very -slow- operation, -depend-i-ng-enti-rely - upon the temperature and hygroscopic condition .of the air | so that the operation is exceedingly slow and the quality j of the cement is likely to vary v/ithin considerable liraiti The object of my invention is to provide a process and apparatus by which this treatment may be per- ” f o ruled” art if ic ially- so that fcheB easoningorag ingof ' the' 'cement- may— be-effected-within a-shor-t— time, - At- the -same j time the operations z i under such exact control that :the 61 tt*. qual i tyv^may ' b e regulated within very close limits and ma£ be treated absolutely independently of the weather con¬ ditions, which factor does not need to be considered in |j the carrying out of the invention. ~ : " : - - — In order that the invention may he more fully under- stood, reference is made to the accompanying drawing, of which Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section , of an apparatus suitable for carrying out my improved pro- cess; Figure 2 is a detail sectional View of the chamber shown at the 'left" in Figure 1;" and Figure' 3 is a section . in. . 3 o: Figure 1. cylinder formed of a series of sections having flanges 2, secured together, and supported upon rollers 3, said cylinder being provided with a gear 4 adapted to be driven by the motor 5 through the gearing 6, whereby the cylinder ;1" is rotated- slowly and' in a manner' similar to a' rotary . . •• - - .material, to . be. treated, consisting usually of freshly _ 01 ground_ cement clinher, is fed into the upper end of the cylinder 1, by a screw conveyor 7, which occupies a horizontal tube 8, the inner end of which extends into . . the end of the cylinder 1 in close proximity to the bottom thereof. The conveyor 7 maybe continuously driven by . -a belt applied-to -the -pulley- 9- and -material continuously - - supplied thereto bv a conveyor 10 which i ml ; receptacle 11, the bottom of which communi cates with the outer end of the conveyor 7. The upper end of the cylin- der 1 communicates with a chamber '12 having a partition z=:: 1 13 which divides the same into ascending and descending ■ flues ■14-and“157-the"lovrer-end~o'f-t'h:e_flue_15-opening~into~ — :~ -a-horizontal-f-lue-or— settling— chamber— 16 -,-i-of— greater— cross - section than the interior of the cvllnder 1. The bottom of said settling' chamber is formed with a "raolfa^iuSar trough 17 within which is a spiral conveyor 18 wtefcefasfeg- driven \ : 1 by the motor 19. Belov/ the discharge end of the conveyoi \> : ■ ■ 1 2. moving .the (mate rial] deposited} 4**the" settling chamber, . vfejfCtesjgMfoe— finish nd—nrtoduQ-k. The disidtargo end of the ■ settling chamber 16 communicates through a passage 22 with the interior of a rotary fan or blower 23 which delivers a • . - . - . 1 . blast into the chamber 24. Y/ithin this chamber and extend- '~ing~acrbss“' the"patH''bf""tHe'"b"last~i's'"a_set''bf "steam 'p'i'pes”br : . - . . — ..admitting ..steam._into_said..j6hamber..in_the_.form..of- ft .series _ _ of jets 27. The chamber 24 is stationary and rests upon the foundation 28. In its forward end is a shouldered pipe 29 for reducing the cross section of the blast, the contracted end of said pipe extending into the lower end of furtts ’ the^oyH&hder which' 'end" 'fits' within' a cirbular opening . . - . — - Land., c ommuni.cating-.wiih ...the...end ..of. t he_cylinder„ 1 is...a„ dis- _ _ charge chamber 30 for receiving material delivered by the cylinder 1, and at the bottom of said chamber 30 is a : screw conveyor 31 for continuously removing the material therefrom, sad^mat^al also-ooaste^t-tog-the flashed :.. apparatus. .shown, in. the following manner: The cylinder 1 i is continuously rotated and ground Portland cement is continuously introduced into the upper end thereof, by conveyor 7. The blower 23 is continuously driven by a belt 32, and supplies a blast of air to the chamber 24. The air blast passes arodnd and between the pipe's 25 which . , s - . sitcoms- t lc u.ehwX&iC. •are -neat ed- oy —steam -pass ing— there tHrough.}— and -t 0'—the—liot - - - AUmzttr' ^^-The--ases->can^ ~ through the contracted end of the. pipe 29 into and through 3. ous stream into ■^|i the conveyor 31, able percentage in a continuous body^jjlhe cement laa^a^j showered, through the hot gases^iffef being carried, up from the bottom of the kiln, on account of its rotation^ until^it falls ,from the side of the kiln to the bottom, the ■obff b thor o ughly exposed. to“th'e action'of the heated gases'passing' through the' cylin-- 3der. - The-:bulk of- material-passes- through -the - cylinder- . . .fr_OBh.i_ts__upp.er _.to.._i_ts_ .lower . end.,_discliarging_in_ a oontinu- _ the chamber 30 from which it is removed by A consider- of the ground material is , however, carried by the blast through the pa'^wg^34~'aWlL57'lnH;TT£e~'Be~i- tling'-ohamber 16',”' where",- 'oil' account-of '4^;increased- cross- : . section, - the -velocity of the blast is- checked and the . - - . _.... material, settles to the bottom of said chamber, and Is re¬ moved therefrom continuously by the conveyors 18 and 21, heated air from which the moisture lias been extracted by the ground cement, theri’iil^urno^ni^ntQ'fB’Th^^owor '■■■ Hud cu.7cia ZZLt 'V-CavJVi through the passage 22^by which' it is driyen through the . I- apparatus.- -again in the same manner- as -before. -The air* - - _ i fJlQ,Cy ouj.ijp.ii uururrl, substantially as set forth.- — — 9. In an apparatus of the character described, contain-a-body-of-gr-ound cement, -means- for— feeding-material - Jr™ .°_one . end _th er e o , a nd means for pawning a current of . ~ r heated air and waf er vapor therethrough, in contact with said material, substantially as set forth. 6. !■ . . ■ ' ■ i_ -• . j|. ■faz&t. I combination of an elongated. fewbular bogfey-adapted to con- tain a body of ground cement, means for feeding material into one end thereof, means for passing a current of heated air and water^ vapor therethrough in contact with ;'sai'd~materfai,~ 2052 a settling chamber coramuhi eating ’’with" . tub&bBw substantially: as set forth... _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ 11. Xh an .apparatus of the character described, the ■combination of an elongated tub^/^/ -tanas adapted . to contain - - . a body .of . ground cement, .means for. feeding material, into one end thereof, means for passing a current of heated air and water vapor therethrough in contact with said material, as set forth. 12. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of an elongated tubular bore adapted to contain :a body of ground cement, means for feeding material into one end thereof, means for passing a current of heated air and -water - vapor therethrough in contact with said . - - parallel to said and connected with tiffing?* endSthereof, substantially as set forth. j 13. In an apparatus of the ^character described, the • combination of an elongated tbhnaar^frogc adapted to contain I a body of grodnd cement, means for feeding material into 1 one end thereof, means for passing a current of heated I ' 7‘ • I i-,1 . .. L air and water vapor therethrough in contact with' said. naterial, a settling chamber o oRgiuni out ing -fffttt “ tlm w lu.l) uJ U'lTlIl ImWKSPji- bora »lili luettlins" , Jui remoTing i extending substantially , ±mzL. parallel to” said tubular bbre’ and’ cohriected^ivlth- Set end? thereof ,' and means for "impelling- said air -current - -s-ituated-between-the--gutlet-of.-8aid-settHng-.cliaiiib.er ..and _1 - _the|ihle_t .of ...said.. tumour' bo»e, substantially as set forth. _ . 1-4.- Inwapparatus'-of -the -character - described-,— the - ■'combination- of- an- elongated- tubwlnr hare adapted.. to. -Contain . . ..a body of. ground cement, means for feeding material into one end thereof, means for passing a current of heated air 1 and water vapor therethrough in contact with said material, a settling chamber u parallel to- said 4 ~&UUL ■--extending- substantially— - * and. connected.Mth. endSthereof , and means for impelling and heating said 1 (r/ air situated between the outlet chamber and^the inlet “ - -" ' . . . . . . . - . of said tttbtflar-we, substantially as set forth. ' Y Ovtnr^j a 7?n<*.ss ^/^^CwL/S #SS~C-*y fo^-CC^t^yc^ £44siSU2~u-f' 07?t -/t^ /*B ^ e^-^ ^ir <3^ • — ■ 1 A - " - TKe Edison Portland Cement Co. Telegraph, Freight and Passenger Station. NEW VILLAGE, N. }. phjubiipku!! R° p. o. address. STEWARTSVILLE, N. J, pear Hr. Edison: — The hoys repostT that/faie oil hearing used on W the high speed coal hlgjrer is a great success, as it feeds a tremendous amount .yCf oil and keeps the hearings cool. Have you applied yfor patent? If not, think it would he well to do so. Yours very truly, r>s/V5rvw*>S2S>.1 1 i / , «/ v.p. I bCX fidWOTL. THe Edison Portland Cement Co. Telegraph, Freight and Passenger Station, NEW VILLAGE, N. J. phila p. o. address. STEWARTSVILLE, N. J. Feb. 26, 1908. ®»,raPnu;,?K Peat Off! c. Sq u * re- B] % u * Frank 1. Dyer, Esq., legal Department, Orange, N. J. Dear Sir: Your favor of the 24th inet., addressed to Mr. Mallory, duly received, and in accordance therewith we have asked our Mr. Mason to prepare a blueprint of the oil bearing used on the high speed coal blower for kilns and for which he desires a patent applied for. -.Jy/ Yours truly, Asst, to Vice-President. TKe Edison Portland Cement Co. Telegraph. Freight and Passenger Station. NEW VILLAGE, N. J. !>. o. address. STEWARTSVILLE, N. J. SALES 0FFI0E8: March 3, 1908. Mr. Prank L. Dyer, . \0Q% v| Jyy A-.* c/o Edison laboratory, w Orange , N. J . Dear Sir: Enclosed we are sending you blue-prints showing the high speed oil bearing mentioned in our letter of Feb . 5th. I do not know whether it is possible to patent this bearing, but our experiments have shown it to be most satisfactory on high Bpeed. The disk in the center fits Ioobo on the shaft and is held by the four flat springs Bhown in dotted lines. This gives it enough friction to throw the oil by cen¬ trifugal force to the top of the bearing where it runs out on two side grooves thus keeping up continual cir- culat ion . Yours very truly, WHM-CEM (eno) petition tfje Commissioner of patents: gour petitioner <7//^ . — a citizen of tfje Uniteb States, rcSibing anb fjabing a Post ©ffice abbress at praps tfjat fetters patent map fie granteb to fjim for tfje improbements in Clfis/i.. %-L^Zfctrw 'tr'sL.Ovu*. ^-v / Set fortfj in tfje annexeb specification ; anb fje Ijerebp appoints jfranb TL. ©per (Registration jgo. 560), of ©range, J2etu 3fersep, fjis attornep, toitlj full potuer of substitution anb rebocation, to prosecute tijis application, to ntafte alterations anb antenbments tfjerein, to receibe tfje patent, anb to transact all business in tfje Patent ©ffice connecteb tfjeretoitfj. - SPECIFICATION - TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: BE IT KNOWN, that I, THOT'AS A. EDISON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and State of New Jersey, hrve in¬ vented certain n ew and useful improvements in APPARATUS POP. REPRODUCING MOTION AMD SOUNDS, of which the following is a description: - In my application for' patent, Serial No. 414,924, filed February 8th, 1900, I have shown and described an apparatus and process for recording motion and sounds si¬ multaneously by moans of a moving picture camera and a recording phonograph, and for reproducing the motion and sounds so recorded by moans of a moving picture project¬ ing machine, wherein is exhibited a positive film formed from the negative, and a reproducing phonograph, a simple font of mechanical actuating mechanism being provided for driving both the phonograph and the camera, during the performance of the act or scene, and the same or a precisely similar form of driving mechanism being made use of to operate the moving picture projecting machine and the re¬ producing phonograph during the reproduction of the sound and motions which had prevlottsly been recorded. I have found that it is essential to the successful operation of these devices in unison that a simple form of mechanical driving means, common to both the machines, be provided, other arrangements for effecting the synchronous operation of these instruments, such, for example, as synchronous electric motors operating at a distance from one another, -1- ■being too complicated, expensive and generally unreliable to secure successful and practical results, in the practical operation of such devices , however , in theatres or other large buildings at a distance from the studio where the sounds and notions were originally recorded, it is imprac¬ ticable to extend an ordinary form of mechanical drive, r.uch, for instance, an a shaft used for driving both devices, from the neighborhood of the moving picture projecting ma¬ chine to the neighborhood of the reproducing phonograph, when the latter is placed behind or near the screen whereon the pic turns are being exhibited. The object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus whereby the projecting machine used for pro¬ jecting moving pictures, and the reproducing phonograph, which is used for reproducing the sounds originally record¬ ed synchronously with the making of the pictures upon the moving picture film, may be placed in convenient adjacent relation to one another, and operated from a simple form of mechanical actuating moans common to both, and the sounds which have been recorded upon the phonograph may bo reproduced in the immediate neighborhood of the screen upon v/hich the pictures are thrown, so that the sounds shall appear to emanate from the screen, although the phonograph is situated in the immediate neighborhood o"' the projecting machine and at a considerable distance from the screen. Within the scope of my invention, T may make use of a variety of means for transmitting the vibrations im¬ parted to the stylus of the phonograph by the phonograph record, to the reighhorhood of the screen and thereat re¬ producing the sounds originally recorded upon the record, The preferable means which I employ for this purpose, com- | prises a telephone circuit where on is impressed an electric || current varying in strength in correspondence with the |j vibrations imparted to the phonograph stylus as it travel's- j| es the phonograph record, and means in the neigliborhood of j| the screen for transforming the undulations of the electric jj current into amplified atmospheric vibrations. |l I In order that my invention may be better understood, attention is directed to the accompanying drawing, wherein !i Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view fchov ing the preferred j| relative arrangement of the kinetoscope , phonograph, and I! loud speaking telephone; Figure 2, in a diagrammatic view, jj partly in cross-section, showing the transmitting mechanism !j and one form of receiving mechanism, and Figure 3, it a |j view similar to Figure 3, but showing a modified form of 1 sound amplifying receiving mechanism. In all of the Fig- jj vires of the drawings, the same reference numerals are used i j| to indioate the same parts. Referring to Figure 1, reference numeral 1 indi- j cates a portable stand on which the kinetoscope 2 and the j Phonograph 3 are mounted, the phonograph preferably being jj firmly -secured to. the stand, as for example, by means of || screws,, The form of this stand may be -varied to adapt it | to be -placed in the locations provided for kinctoscopeB jj in theatres and the like, which are sometimes difficult |j of access and require; stands specially constructed for jj the particular location. Common driving means for the phon- Iograph and kinetoscope is provided, in the illustration ".one of these machines being shown as being driven from ' 1 the other through a belt or sprocket chain ±. It is evi- ’ dent, of course, that with the machines connected up in I this W, the kinetoscope may be driven from the phonograph -5- motor or the phonograph may ho driven from the kinetoseope or the tv/o machines may he separately connected to a single sourco of power, it being important only that a simple form of mechanical driving means he employed, common to both machines. 5 indicates a screen where on the picture is thrown by the kinetoseope, and the receiving apparatus, by which the sound is audibly reproduced in the neighbor¬ hood of and preferably behind .the screen whereon the motion pictures are displayed. By The employment cf.a sound am¬ plifying receiver or by providing a separate sound ampli¬ fier, the sounds may be given sufficient strength and I volume to 'carry to overy part of the building. A transmit- ter 7 replaces the reproducer ordinarily used upon the phon* I C* , ' j| ograph, jjik i' circuit connecting tho transmitter and receiver j! Wing.) shown at 31 . By arranging the kinctoscopa and phono- j! graph in fixed relation to one another and preferably upon I a single stand, and establishing connections be two on the. I transmitter on the phonograph and the receiver, by moans of Ia flexible conductor,- it will be apparent that the stand bearing the kinetoseope and phonograph can be placed i,h what¬ ever position i ii most convenient and the sounds made to emanate from the neighborhood of the screen, and at the cams time the kinetoseope and the phonograph may bo driven by a simple mechanical form of actuating means, which ie necessary in order to successfully maintain the synchronism between the moving film ana the rotating record necessary reproduce the sounds and motions in the precise relation^ /which existed between them when /he act or scene was per¬ formed. It is understood that the record and negative arc formed simulAaneously . This may be done, for example, by -4- 'the process and with the apparatus set out in my earlier application above referred to. The gearing used to operate the two Machines during the reproduction of sounds and motions,, is so proportionedaaa to rotate the machines at precieely the seme relative speed as existed between the corresponding machines during the process ;of rocording, so that when the two machines have onco been sot into oper¬ ation the film and record in the precise relation existing II between them during the original performance of the act or | scene, this identical relation will be maintained through- ij ! jj out the exhibition and reproduction. Keans for simultane- | oaisly setting the devices into operation in hbe said rela- |i tion is disclosed in my earlier application already reforred || j to and such means while it may bo made use of In connection | with apparatus of the present invention, forms no part | hereof. The telephone transmitter shown in Figure 2 is a magneto transmitter provided with a diaphragm 9, having a phonographic stylus operatively connected thereto, this entire device being used to replace the ordinary repro¬ ducer of the phonograph. The diaphragm 9 thus serves both as the diaphragm of a phonograph reproducer and as the dia¬ phragm of the transmitter 7. To the diaphragm 9 of the transmitter a stylus lavor 10 is connected hy means of a link th0 atylun lover being pivoted on the floating weight 12, and bearing the stylus or reproducing point or ball 13. This method of pivoting the stylus lever, which is common in phonographs, makes it possible for the stylus to adjust itself to any eccentricities or other considerable variations in the record and to truly follow the record groove. The vibrations of the stylus 13 cause -5- jj similar vibrations in the diaphragm 9_, which acts to im- press undulating currents of electricity upon the circuit | 8, as in any ordinary telephone transmitter. This circuit 1 8 is connected with a suitable telephone receiver which may be of the ordinary type, or it may be of the motograph or loud speaking telephone type. In either case the re- |j ceiver may be supplemental in its action by means of a ,j sound amplifying moohanism if loud sounds are desired to | be produced. j In Figure 2 I have illustrated a receiver of the | motograph type, the chalk cylinder 14 of the motograph being connected with one branch of the circuit 0, while the electrode or pen 15 of the motograph, as it is common¬ ly called, is connected with the other branch of the cir¬ cuit. As is well-known, the motograph, which is of my invention and which is described in United States Letters Patent, No. 221,957, dated November 25, 1879, is operated by variations in friction produced by the passage of electric currents of varying strength from the pen or electrode into the constantly rotating chalkVl4,^the^ de¬ gree of pressure between theBe parts being regulated by means of a screw or equivalent device 16, and the vi¬ brations produced being transmitted to a diaphragm 17, which sets up vibrations in the atmosphere corresponding to those impressed upon the electric current at the trans¬ mitter, and these vibrations may be further amplified by means of a horn 18 (See Pig. 1) . Q. ' In Figure 3, I have shown a receiver having opera¬ tively connected therewith a sound amplifying mechanism whereby the sounds transmitted may be very greatly ampli¬ fied. The chalk receiver iB shown in this figure as a |i means of transforming the undulations of the electric current into: mechanical vibrations, but it is understood, of course, that any form of telephone receiver could be substituted for that shown. The vibrations of the pen or electrode 15 (when the chalk receiver iB UBed for the purpose of receiving the sounds) are communicated to an amplifying sound producing mechanism. I may make use of I any known form of amplifying mechanism for this purpose, suoh, for example, as those which are operated by friction, but for the -purposes of illustration I have shown the pen | or electrode connected to the valve 19 of, an amplifying j repj*duoep which 18 °P® rated by means' of j| Thl8 producer is preferably of the form shown and des- °ribed in th0 application of Alexander K. Pierman, Serial j 324, filed March 27, 1906, and is preferably oper- j at8d by Buction- a current of air being drawn through the j aperture 20 in the aide of the reproducer, it being under- j stood that fluid pressure instead of suction may be made ! U3e °f ’ in which caBe « will be necessary to reverse the j relative positions of the valve 19 and itB seat. This amplifying reproducer, however, is no part of my invention, it being understood that this device or any other equiva¬ lent device may he made use of for this purpose. The operation of the devices which have been des¬ cribed is as follows:- A positive moving picture film is Placed in the kSnetoscope and a phonograph record is placed upon the mandrel of the phonograph, the positive film being made from a negative which was taken simultaneously with the production of the phonograph record or the master record of which such record is a duplicate. The mechanism is set into operation and the motion picture is displayed upon the screen by the kinetoscope, and at the same time -7- I the Bounds originally producMimultnneously with the mak- j ing of the picture are reproduced behind the screen or in j its immediate neighborhood by means of the telephone re¬ ceiver and sound amplifier. The production of the sounds jj is caused by the phonograph stylus, vibrated from the ji phonograph record, imparting its vibrations to the dia- I phragm 9, and the vibrations of this diaphragm impresses j entirely corresponding undulations of the electric current upon tho circuit 8, which undulations are transformed into mo chemical vibrations by means of the telephone re¬ ceiver, the mechanical vibrations set up being imparted directly to a diaphragm whereby sound waves are set up in the atmosphere, or else the mechanical vibrations are imparted to an amplifying device which causes sound vibra- ! tipns of great force to be sot up in tho atmosphere. |j Having how described my invention, I claim: - 1. The combination of a kinetosoope, a phonograph comprising a vibratabl^S^lu^ common ‘mechanical driving mechanism for the two machinel^&nd^ns for transforming vibrations of the phonograph stylus into^nid vibrations t emanating from a point at a distance from th^onqgraph, substantially as set forth, j ' Vr, In devices of the class described,- the combina¬ tion of aNkinetoecope, a phonograph, .common mechanieal actuating A^onlsm for the two machines, a screen whereon j motion picturefNnay be prelected by the kinetosoope, and the phonogjaph] inmit\jmg the ; . 2c ted- Titrations produced by , t^eolass described, the combina¬ tion of a kinetosoope, a phon^?Sph^ common mechanical -8- actuating maSjhsnism for the two machines, a screen where¬ on motion picture's^may he projected hy the kinetoscopev meanB for transmitting the ^eound vibrations produced hy the phonograph so that they emhn^te from the neighborhood of the screen, and means for amplifying, the sounds, sub¬ stantially as set forth. Hon of a kine toscope , a phonograph | comprising a vihratable stylus, mechanism common to the two n motion pictures may he dis- !•, arid. means for transforming the I aph stylus into corresponding sighho'rhood of the screen, sub- D bun Uitij-xy at> set rortn. b.'\he combination \f a kine toscope, a phonograph j in proximity thereto and comprising a vihratable diaphragm, | single mechanical driving me chan^sm common to the two ma¬ chines, a telephone transmitter adVpted to transform the vibrations of the phonograph diaphragm into undulations in | an electric current, a telephone receiVer and an electrio circuit connecting the said transmitter \nd receiver, substantially as set forth. 6. The combination of a kinetoscope\ a phonograph | in proximity thereto and comprising a vihratable diaphragj single mechanical driving mechanism common to they, two ma¬ chines, a telephone transmitter adapted to transform the vibrations of tho phonograph diaphragm into undulations in I an electric current, a telephone receiver, an electrio\cir- cuit connecting the said transmitter, and receiver and s sound amplifying device operatively connected with the sai\j receiver, substantially as set forth. 7. The combination of a kinetoscope, a phonograph comprising asyibra table diaphragm, a single mechanical driving mechanism common to the kinetoscope and phonograph, a screen v/hereoiV motion pictures may he projected by the kinctoscope , a telephone transmitter sidapted to transform the vibrations of ^ie phonograph diaphragm into undulations of an electric current, a telephone receiver and an elec¬ tric circuit connecting said transmitter and receiver, sub¬ stantially as set f ortlA 8. The combination^ of a kinetoscope, a phonograph comprising a vibra table diaphragm, a single mechanical driving mechanism common to the kinetoscope and phonograph, a screen whereon motion pictures nay be projected by the kinetoscope, a telephono transmitter adapted to transform the vibrations of the phonograph cMaphragm into undulations of on electric current, a telephone\receivor, an electric circuit connecting said transmitter and receiver, and sound amplifying device operatively corrected with the said receiver, substantially as set forth. / 9. In devices of the class described, the com¬ bination of a kinetoscope, a phonograph comprising a vibra table diaphragm in proximity thereto, cofyuon mechan¬ ical actuating means therefor, means for transmitting the vibrations of the diaphragm into corresponding undulations in an electric current and meanB at a distance froi kinetoscope and phonograph for transforming the undeletions of the electric current into sound vibrations, substantially as set forth. 10. In devices of the olaBB described, the combina¬ tion of a kinetoscope, a phonograph comprising a vibratabl* 10- diaphragm in proximity thereto, common mechanical actuating mechanism f (fiv^the two machines, a screen whereon motion pictures may ho projected by the-'kinetoecopo, means for transforming the vibratl'ons of'. the phonograph diaphragm I into undulations of an aide tirtL'e^current , means in the vi- i oinity of the screen for re c r.nverti'nfvvthe undulations of the electric current into, mechanical vibrtfbA^ns , and sound amplifying means adapted to transform the said mbc^ianical vibration's into amplified air v/aves, substantially ae''be. forth. ,^-ccxr: £ stem O ‘ ■ 7 -ii- {EffjiS specification Sigtteb anb toitneSSeb this bap of 190 & ©atb* g>tate of Jleto 3fer Sep ) Count? of CSSex j 7^/-^ . abobe nameb petitionee, being bulp Stoorn, bepoSeS anb Saps tijat be isf a citizen of tfje ®niteb States, anb a resibent of that be berilp beliebes IjitnSelf to be tbe original, first anb Sole inbentor of tlje improbements in ct^/S/u. fa; 'h**£c**t -a- bestribeb anb claimeb in tbc annexeb specification; that be boes not ftnoto anb boes not beliebe tbat tbe Same to as eber fenoton or useb before \)\$ inbention or biscoberp thereof; or patenteb or bescribeb in anp printeb publication in tbe ■JHniteb States of America or anp foreign countrp before bis* inbention or biscoberp thereof, or more than ttoo pears prior to this application; or patenteb in anp countrp foreign to the fSJniteb States on an application fileb more than ttoelbe months prior to tljis application; or in public use or on Sale in the fHniteb States for more than ttoo pears prior to this application; anb that no application for patent upon Saib inbention has been fileb bp bint or bis! legal representatibes or assigns in anp foreign countrp. _ J _ g>toorn to anb subscribeb before me this ni bap of ^ 190 ^ x/. A/. — _ Jlotarp public. [deal] 2—360. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C., Thomas A. Edison, C/o Erank L. Dyer, Orange, Hew Jersey. Please find below a commu.nica.tion from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, Apparatus for Reproducing Motions and sounds, filed March J 1900, Serial #422,660. This case has been examined. »* , 4. In devices\ of the class desoribed, the combina¬ tion of a kinetoscope\ a combined phonograph and telephone transmitter closely adjacent thereto and comprising a diaphragm, means for vibrating the.-same in accordance with sound vibrations, and means for' impressing corresponding undulations thereby on an 'electric circuit. Bald cirouit, driving mechanism for the kinetoscope and phonograph, a screen whereon motion pictures may bo projected by the kinetoscope and means closely 'adj acont to said screen for transforming the vibrations of said circuit into ampli¬ fied sound, substantially as set\forth. if. In devices of the clasB described, the combina¬ tion of a kinetoscope, a combined phonograph and telephone transmitter closely adjacent thereto and comprising a (2) diaphragm, naans for vibrating the aama in accordance with sound vibrations, and means for impressing corresponding undulations thereby on an electric circuit, said circuit, driving mechanism for tho kinotoscope and phonograph, a soroon whereon motion piotures may be projected by the^ kineto scope o.nd a chalk receiver^for transforming the vibrations of said circuit into amplified sound, sub¬ stantially as set forth.' *4- 6. In devices of the class described, the combina¬ tion of a motograph, means for operating the same, and an air reproducer operated ^by said motograph, substantially as Bet forth. \ 7. In devices of the class described, tho combina¬ tion of a rotating chalk cylinder, a friction member , resting in contact with the same, an electrio circuit including the said parts, and an air reproducer comprising a valve connected to the said friction momber, sub¬ stantially as set forth. R E 1£ A R K S The Examiner is requested to apply the reference character 18 to the amplifying horn shown in Figure 1 of the drawings. Reconsideration and allowance of the claims as amended are respectfully requested. It is to be noted that the German patent di solo bob tho idea of carrying the sound telephonioally from the phonograph to the various persons seated in the audience. Applioant, on the con¬ trary, diBcloseB the idea of having the phonographio BOunc s emanate from an amplifying horn placed back of or closely adjacent to the screen, so that Bounds appear to emanate (3> therefrom during the projection of the moving pictures thereon. It also is to he noted that in applicant's de¬ vice a single diaphragm performs the double functions of telephone transmitter diaphragm and phonograph diaphragm, whareaB, no such construction is shown in the German reference. The new claims as submitted herewith are patentably and sje cif ically different from the references of record, and applicant is thought to be entitled to the same. Respectfully submitted. THOUAS A. EDISON ^ By His Attorney Orange, New .Tersey liay 5th, 1909. United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C.. Thomas A, Edison, C/o Frank 1. Dyer, Orange , JT. CT. May 22,190^ Please find below change of your application, Apparatus for Reproducing Motions and Sound, filed piardh 23, 1908, Oase considered as amended Kay 6, 1909, Olaims 6 and 7 appear to cover a speoial fom of amplifier vrtiioh is in no way spooifioally adapted to the art in whioh this application is being examined. Suoh davloeB are classified under Phonographs, Class 181—2, division is therefore required before further action will be taken on the merits or novelty. IK THE UNITED STATES PATENT OTP ICE Thomas A. Edison ) APPARATUS POR REPRODUCING ) MOTION AND SOUNDS : Piled March 23, 1908 : Serial No. 422,650 : Room No. 312. HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS SIR: In response to Office letter of May 22, 1909, please amend this case as follows: Cancel Claims 6 and 7« R E MA R K S ClaimB 6 and 7 have been canceled in response to the Examiner's requirement of division, the right to file a divisional application upon the subject matter of these claims being reserved. An action upon the merits of the remaining claims and allowance of the application are requested. Respectfully submitted, THOMAS A. EDISON His Attorney Orange, New Jersey May 12th, 1910. 8-260. BV:I . Thomua A, Edison, department of the interior. United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C„ June 21 , 1010. C/o Frank Uv Dyer, Orange, Jf.J, Please find below a- communication from n charge of your af 422,650, filed March 23, 1003, for Apparatus for Reproducing Motions and Sounds, In response to amendment filed ?£ay 13, 1910. Claim 1 is rejected on the Fr. Pat. to Faria, 375,869, liar. 1j, U07, ( 38- 3,1). )W. Ml or on the " " " Pomarede, 375,057, ,’Iuy 3, 1906 " ", Claims to 5 are rejected on Faria above cited or on Pomarede in view of 0 Hatchett, 898,642, Sept. 15, 1908, ^ *' 0 Amet, 573,071, Dec. 15, 1896, (88-1) A 4 IS v Chisholm, 891253, June 23, 1908 There is held to he no invention in transmitting the energy of the sound waves from the phonograph to the horn olec trio ally insteed of by tubes as shown in Pomarede. Examiner, IN Tire UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, THOMAS A. EDISON, ) APPARATUS FOR REPRODUCING ) MOTION AND SOUNDS Room No. 312 Filed March 23, 1908, Serial No. 422,650. ) HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, SIR: In responne to Office action of June 21, 1910, please amend the above entitled case as follows; In line 12, page 7, cancel “an air current" and insert in place thereof a current of air or other fluid. In line 9, claim 5, after "receiver" insert having an air or fluid reproducer connected there¬ with - , Cancel claims 1 to 4 inclusive and change the numeral of claim 5 to 1. Add the following claims: 2. In devices of the class described, the com¬ bination of a kinetosoope, a combined phonograph and telephone transmitter closely adjacent thereto and com¬ prising a diaphragm, means for vibrating the same in accord¬ ance with sound vibrations, means for impressing corres¬ ponding undulations thereby on an electric circuit, said circuit, driving mechanism for the kinetosoope and phono¬ graph, a receiver in said circuit, and an air or fluid reproducer connected with said receiver, substantially as set forth. 3. In devices of the class described, the com¬ bination of a kinetoscope , a combined phonograph and telephone transmitter closely adjacent thereto and com¬ prising a diaphragm, means for vibrating the same in accordance with sound vibrations, means for impressing corresponding undulations thereby on an electric circuit, said circuit, driving means for the kinetoscope and the phonograph, a motograph in said circuit, means for operating the same, and an air or fluid reproducer operated by said motograph, subotantially as set forth. 4. In devices of the class described, the com¬ bination of a kinetoscope, a combined phonograph and telephone transmitter closely adjacent thereto and com¬ prising a diaphragm, means for vibrating the same in accordance with sound vibrations, means for impressing corresponding undulations thereby on an electric circuit, said circuit, driving mechanism for the kinetoscope and phonograph, a rotating chalk cylinder and a friction member resting in contact with the same in said circuit, and an air or fluid reproducer comprising a valve connected to said friction member, substantially as Bet forth. REMARKS. Reconsideration and allowance of the olaims as now presented are respectfully requested. The applicant has found that in combined devices of the class specified, an electrical telephone receiver, such as shown in the prenoh patent to Faria, produces a tone which is so unnatural and indistinct as to he highly detrimental to a realistic reproduction. 3y combining an air reproducer with the receiving means as specified in the claims, thiB objection is obviated. It is, there¬ fore, thought that the broad combination as specified in claim 2 and the more specific combinations specified in claims 1, 3 and 4 are not only novel but also patentable. Bespectfully submitted, THOMAS A. -EDISON, Orange, New Jersey, June 6^' 1911. His Attorney. II -'7-- Room .—312 Paper No _ .7, All coimminlcalioim rcaptctlnK this DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON Thomas A. ‘Edison, 0/0 Prank L. Dyer, Orange, N, J. July 13, 1911. i i%m, sc find below a commun.ieali.oii. from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. tor Apparatus for Reproducing Motions and Sounds, filed -MarohSJ, 1908, Serial No, 433,850. Case reconsidered as amended June 6, 1911. All the claims are rejected. The combination of a kAneto- scope and a phonograph mechanioally conneoted together and horns adjacent the soreen, with one type of sound-transmitting apparatus being old (as shown by De Paria or Poraareddof record), no inven¬ tion is involved in combining the first named apparatus with anot ther type of sound- transmitting meohanism whether the second' sound- transmitti»g meohanism be new or old, sinoe each element act in its own way in the corabinationirrespeotive of the other. Applicant, in changing the sound- transmitting mechanism or the type of phonograph, has merely altered one element of an old com¬ bination and has not produoed a new combination. In re Me Neil 100 0. G. 3178, TSxaminer. / . / . ' ■ i ■' APPLICANT: THOMAS ALVA EDISON, A CITIZEN OF THE UNITED STATES, RESIDING AT LLEVJELLYN PARK, ORANGE, COUNTY OF ESSEX, STATE OF NEW JERSEY, U.S.A.. INVENTOR: TITLE: APPARATUS FOR REPRODUCING MOTION AND SOUNDS. In my application, filed concurrently here¬ with, I have shown and described an apparatus and proc¬ ess for recording motion, and eounde simultaneously by means of a moving picture camera and a recording phono¬ graph, and for reproducing the motion and sounds so recorded by means of a moving picture projecting machine, wherein is exhibited a positive film formed from the neg¬ ative, and a reproducing phonograph, a simple form of mechanical actuating mechanism being provided for driving both the phonograph and the camera, during the performance of the act or scene, and the same or a precisely similar form of driving mechanism being made use of to operate the moving picture projecting machine and the reproduc¬ ing phonograph during the reproduction of the sound and motions which had previously been recorded- I have found that it ie essential to the successful operation of these devices in unieon that a simple form of mechanical driving means, common to both the machines, be provided, other arrangements for effecting the synchronous operation of these instruments, such, for example, as synchronous electric motors operating at a distance from one another, being too complicated, expensive and generally unreliable to secure successful and practical results. In the practical operation of such devices, however, in theatres or other large buildings at a distance from the studio where the sounds and motions were originally recorded, it is imprac¬ ticable to extend an ordinary form of mechanical drive, such, for instance, as a shaft used for driving both devices, from the neighborhood of the moving picture projecting ma¬ chine to the neighborhood of the reproducing phonograph, when the latter is placed behind or near the screen whereon the pictures are being exhibited. The object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus whereby the projecting machine used for pro¬ jecting moving pictures, and the reproducing phonograph, which is used for reproducing the sounds originally record¬ ed synchronously with the making of the pictures upon the moving picture film, may be placed in convenient adjacent relation to one another, and operated from a simple form of mechanical actuating means common to both, and the sounds which have been recorded upon the phonograph may be reproduced in the immediate neighborhood of the screen upon which the pictures are thrown, so that the sounds shall appear to emanate from the screen, although the phonograph is situated in the immediate neighborhood of the projecting machine and at a considerable distance from the screen. Within the scope of my invention, I may make use of a variety of means for transmitting the vibrations im¬ parted to the stylus of the phonograph by the phonograph record, to the neighborhood of the screen and thereat re¬ producing the sounds originally recorded upon the record, The preferable means which I employ for this, purpose, com- prises a telephone circuit whereon is impressed an electric current varying in strength in correspondence with the vibrations imparted to the phonograph stylus as it travers¬ es the phonograph record, and means in the neighborhood of the screen for transforming the undulations of the electric current into amplified atmospheric vibrations. In order that my invention may be better understood, attention is directed to the accompanying drawing, wherein Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the preferred relative arrangement of the kinetoscope, phonograph, and loud speaking telephone; Figure £, is a diagrammatic view, partly in cross-section, showing the transmitting mechanism and one form of receiving mechanism, and Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure S, but showing a modified form of sound amplifying receiving mechanism. In all of the Figures of the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to indicate the same parts. Referring to Figure 1, reference numeral 1_ indi¬ cates a portable stand on which the kinetoscope 2 and the phonograph 3 are mounted, the phonograph preferably being firmly secured to the stand, as for example, by means of screws. The form of this stand may be varied to adapt it to be placed in the locations provided for kinetoecopes in theatres and the like, which are sometimes difficult of access and require stands specially constructed for the particular location. Common driving means for the phonograph and kinetoscope is provided, in the illustration one of these machines being shown as being driven from the other through a belt or sprocket chain 4. It is evident, of course, that with the machines connected up in this way, the kinetoscope may be driven from the phonograph motor 3 or the phonograph may be driven from the kinetoscope or the two machines may be separately connected to a single source of power, it being important only that a simple form of mechanical driving means be employed, common to both machines. 5 indicates a screen whereon the picture is thrown by the kinetoscope, and ,6 the receiving apparatus, by which the sound is audibly reproduced in the neighbor¬ hood of and preferably behind the screen whereon the motion pictures are displayed, By the employment of a sound am¬ plifying receiver or by providing a separate sound ampli¬ fier, the sounds may be given sufficient strength and volume to carry to every part of the building. A transmit¬ ter 7. replaces the reproducer ordinarily used upon the phono¬ graph, a circuit connecting the transmitter and receiver shown at 2- By arranging the kinetoscope and phonograph in fixed relation to one another and preferably upon a single stand, and establishing connections between the transmitter on the phonograph and the receiver, hy means of a flexible conductor, it will he apparent that the stand bearing the kinetoscope and phonograph can be placed in what - ever position is most convenient and the sounds made to emanate from the neighborhood of the screen, and at the same time the kinetoscope and the phonograph may be driven by a simple mechanioal form of actuating means, vthioh is necessary in order to suooessfully maintain the synchronism between the moving film and the rotating reoord necessary to reproduce the sounds and motions in the precise relations which existed between them when the aot or soene was per¬ formed. It is understood that the reoord and negative are formed simultaneously. This may be done, for example, by 4 the process and with the apparatus set out in my earlier applioation above referred to. The gearing used to operate the two machines during the reproduction of sounds and motions, is so proportioned as to rotate the machines at preoisely the same relative speed as existed between the corresponding machines during the prooess of recording, so that when the two meohines have onoe been set into oper¬ ation the film and record in the precise relatibn existing between them during the original performance of the aot or soene, this identical relation will be maintained through¬ out the exhibition and reproduction. keens for simultane¬ ously setting the devices into operation in the said rela¬ tion is disclosed in my earlier applioation already referred to and suoh means wliile it may be made use of in connection with apparatus of the present invention, forms no part hereof. She telephone transmitter shown in i'lgure 2 is a magneto transmitter provided with a diaphragm 9., having a phonographio stylus operatively connected thereto, this entire device being used to replaoe the ordinary repro¬ ducer of the phonograph. The diaphragm 9 thus serves both as the diaphragm of a phonograph reproducer and as the dia¬ phragm of the transmitter 7. To the diaphragm 9 of the transmitter a stylus lever 10 is connected by means of a link 11, the stylus lever being pivoted on the floating weight 12, and bearing the stylus or reproducing point or ball 13. This method of pivoting the stylus lever, which is common in phonographs, makes it possible for the stylus to adjust itself to any eocentrioities or other considerable variations in the record and to truly follow the record groove. The vibrations of the stylus 13 oause 5. similar vibrations in the diaphragm 9, which acts to im¬ press undulating currents of electricity upon the circuit &, as in any ordinary telephone transmitter. This circuit 8 is connected with a suitable telephone receiver which may be of the ordinary type, or it may be of the motograph or loud speaking telephone type. In either case the re¬ ceiver may be supplemented in its action by means of a sound amplifying mechanism if loud sounds are desired to be produced. In Figure 3 1 have illustrated a receiver of the motograph type, the chalk cylinder ,14 of the motograph being connected with one branch of the circuit 8, while the electrode or pen 15 of the motograph, as it is common¬ ly called, is connected with the other branch of the cir¬ cuit. As is well known, the motograph, which is of my invention and which is described in United States betters Patent, Ho. 281,957, dated November 25, 1879, is operated by variations in friction produced by the passage of electric currents of varying strength from the pen or electrode into the constantly rotating chalk cylinder 14. the degree of pressure between these parte being regulated by means of a screw or equivalent device 16, and the vi¬ brations produced being transmitted to a diaphragm 17 . which sets up vibrations in the atmosphere corresponding to those impressed upon the electric current at the trans¬ mitter, and these vibratione may be further amplified by means of a horn 18 (See Fig. 1). In Figure 3, I have shown a receiver having opera¬ tively connected therewith a sound amplifying mechanism whereby the sounds transmitted may be very greatly ampli¬ fied. The chalk receiver is 6 shown in this figure meant' of transforming the undulations of the electric current into mechanical vibrations, but it is understood, of course, that any form of telephone receiver could be substituted for that shown. The vibrationeof the pen or electrode ,15 (when the chalk receiver is used for the purpose of receiving the sounds) are communicated to an amplifying sound producing mechanism. I may make use of any known form of amplifying mechanism for this purpose, such, for example, as those which are operated by friction, but for the purposes of illustration T. have shown the pen or electrode connected to the valve .19 of an amplifying reproducer which is operated by means of an air current. This reproducer is preferably of the form shown and des¬ cribed in the application of Alexander N. Pierman, Serial No. 307,334, filed March £7, 1906, and is preferably oper¬ ated by suction, a current of air being drawn through the aperture £0 in the side of the reproducer, it being under¬ stood that fluid pressure instead of suction may be made use of, in which case it will be necessary to reverse the relative positions of the valve 19 and its seat. This amplifying reproducer, however, is no part of my invention, it being understood that this device or any other equiva¬ lent device may be made use of for this purpose. The operation of the devices which have been des¬ cribed ie as follows:- A positive moving picture film is placed in the kinetoscope and a phonograph record is placed upon the mandrel of the phonograph, the positive film being made from a negative which was taken simultaneously with the production of the phonograph record or the master record of which such record ie a duplicate. The mechanism ie set into operation and the motion picture is displayed upon the screen by the kinetoscope, and at the same time 7 the sounds originally produced simultaneously with the mak¬ ing of the picture are reproduced behind the screen or in its immediate neighborhood by means of the telephone re¬ ceiver and sound amplifier. The production of the sounds is caused by the phonograph stylus, vibrated from the phonograph record, imparting its vibrations to the dia¬ phragm 9, and the vibrations of this diaphragm impresses entirely corresponding undulations of the electric current upon the circuit 8, ’which undulations are transformed into mechanical vibrations by means of the telephone re¬ ceiver, the mechanical vibrations set up being imparted directly to a diaphragm whereby sound waves are set up in the atmosphere, cr else the mechanical vibrations are imparted to an amplifying device which causes sound vibra¬ tions of great force to be set up in the atmosphere. 4: ~k)uU w ^‘t*-"2Vs << 4- - - - . - -■■ tri.tA', tstrf'h bs£t(j^ Folio No . . Serial No v|J 5 iy^l\l“!!!l_ ctd\< cA\ » _ g-^ys-fiiXmw i^^u. o^j-v-g-3 ;^V' cX • ewf «-»-<- _ _ 14 ( # \ ** vffv-t^J «-> _ . (3S- _ _ <■&,•**-* C4 — ^U-Lg<^»^ ~nfb~~

, UO t^CLs**.. ttriz^r ***(] i. c =»>-ViP. t2 ne*^\ ■ jJcCjl. cJhurvK j& o&.~'(-*.t*. uXCa o sf#s- VJt>"^LX-«je..-rtC«- £»C».c< (i-A* 4 . V4A^_t(*-V^ ~f^B, 6 >5 c>UWL^- 1-^-* £l,G53^ o!^ 5D fc . C_o-u^A.e, t^*Xj-t, LLu Vy J^UdLwa^fir EE ri-Afr' jk »*■ . Dyer, Edison laboratory, IA- T Orange, N. J. Dear Mr. Iyer; 1) I beg herewith to hand you a letter from Mr. MaBon enclosing a sketch of the new chalk feed which we are now using on our kilns and which is a very great success. I suggest that you take this matter up immediately with Mr. Edison and arrange to have it patented, if possible, as it is undoubtedly the biggest advance we have made in our kiln practioe in a long time, the output from the same kiln being increased very materially. For instance, Kiln No. 5, on which this device is working, in 13 days made 10,784 barrels, while Kiln No. 6, which is working with the old feed^but all other conditions the same, made 7,380 barrels for the same period, so you see that it is a master of very great importance, as it materially increases outputs and we believe will also very much reduce the fuel consumption per barrel. We are having the test made and can send you this information in a few 1 Yours very truly, p. «*G &woy u TRe Edison Portland Cement Co. Telegraph, Freight and Passenger Station. NEW VILLAGE. N. J. p. o. address. STEWARTSVILLE, N. J. Unlcm’Bu'Idfn ...A88., Pott Office 8qi Savannah, Oa.( National Bank April 21, 1908. Mr. W. S. Mallory, Vice President Dear Sir; Enclosed is a Bketch showing the’ new chalk feed that we are now using on our kilns. So far hy testB on one kiln this increases the output from 20 to 30^, on account of it feeding very regularly. This in my opinion is due to two reasons: 1st: The five screws feeding from different parts of the hin causes the ohalk to settle down grad¬ ually over the entire hin and thus we avoid the formation of arches and holes in the chalk which avalanche and cause the chalk to run more freely +. which makes the feed irregular 2nd: if one screw should fail to feed for a time, it would affect the output only 20#, while with one screw aoting aB a feed the output would he affected 1OC0S in case of any trouble As near as I can find out, all cement mills use a single screw in the bottom of the raw material bins, and they all feed irregularly. An irregular feed of course makes the kiln more difficult to handle and we believe causes an excess of fuel to be burned to take care of these irregularities. You will note that this feed is driven from an idler of the kiln. This is done so that WSM. . .2. 4/21/08 when the kiln is slowed down to increase the heat for a few moments, the amount of chalk going into the kiln is proportionate. You will note that the screws are partially covered inside the hin so they will feed from certain points only. By this. means as stated above, the chalk settles down over the full area of the bin. Yours very truly, WHM"CEH l4Sj Enclosure Sup’t m )% Folio No, . ggBS ^ Applicant. i* • ’ . Serial Nd~— Z— Address. m it '• ; Title . . ^ 'fag $v Ffled..^^s6s*^ Examiners Room No.. S iTZL & Ji ^Assignee . ‘‘f ' Ass’g’t Exec. .. . Recorded... . Liber. . Patent N oJ,£L%./~l22dL- Page . ACTIONS. <■: -tw XJ . 16 vi; j 17 iL . 2*xJL£r/f/j :;j>f ; •e^zJ^y Jji^. . tp. . j^jS/18 . . :. . _ . _ i! . t 19 . . ..'. . ;';j5' "' &/. 20 . vji , '. jki^edut../fU^liL . 21 '-dZ-jLaxu . '£u£c6c*iu3^ . rsZ'- • i '. ; .'^afZy>. . J?...W..J%t.L%./.Ct........ . 2 2 23 . , . z . _ i ' 8 1 1 1 ** ■ dSt m . 24. 25. . 26. 1 2 27 .. 13 28 .. 14 ..^£u^Z£V..&^../.a . z*.Ai 29 .. 1 5 ....MLwsjL . .JM.U£.,j.M& 30 .. ffesF»* ?SgS- sr— FRANK L. DYER, Counsel, u ORANGE, NEW JERSEY. sis W. L. EDISON. SPARK PLUG. APPLICATION TILED JUNE 0, 1008. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. WILLIAM E. EDISON, OP ORANGE, NEW JERSEY. SPARK-PLUG. 1,081,738. Spcciacation of Letter. Patent. Patented Dec. 1C, 1913. Application Med Tune 9, 1908. Serial No. 437,815. To all whom it may concern ; He it known that I, William L. Edison, a citizen of the United States of America, re¬ siding at Orange, in the county of Essex 6 and State of New Jersey, have invented cer¬ tain new and useful Improvements in Spark- Plugs, of which the following is a specifica¬ tion, reference being had therein to the ac¬ companying drawing. 10 This invention relates to a spark-plug of the jump-spark class for internal combus¬ tion engines, my object being to extend the conductors through the core of porcelain, or other insulating material, in such a man- 15 ncr that tho core will not be weakened as much as usual, and will be much less liable to break. With this and other objects in view my in¬ vention consists in the peculiarities herein- 20 after more fully described and claimed. Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a longitudinal elevation of my complete spark plug. Fig. 2, a simi¬ lar view partly in section. Fig. 3, a longi- 25 tudinal section. Fig. 4, an end view, Fig. 5, an end view of the opposite or outer cud of tho plug, with the cap removed, and Fig. C, a diagrammatic view. Each of the two electrical conductors, to- 30 gather with tho external connectors and the spark gaps, are constructed exactly alike, and a description of one will apply to both. The reference numeral 1 indicates an ordi¬ nary spark plug bushing provided with tn- 36 poring threads adapted to screw into the cylinder head of a gas engine. 2 is nn elongated core composed, prefer¬ ably, of porcelain, although it might bo mnile of mien or glass. This core has a cen- 40 trill circular enlargement 3 adapted to enter the bushing and to be clamped between a shoulder 4 and the end of a locking sleeve 5 screwed into the bushing and surrounding the core. Suitablo washers C are interposed 46 between the parts to make a gas-tight joint and prevent breakage under pressure of the sleeve. 7 represents n short alining pin fixed to tho inside of the bushing 1 and adapted to SO enter nn open slot 8 extending across the side of the circular enlargement 3 whereby the core is retained in its proper nlincment and whereby the spark-gap terminals are always brought opposite ench other in tho 66 act of assembling tho parts. Two separate and independent electrical circuits 9* and D6, Fig. 0, extend longitudi¬ nally through tho core 2 of tho plug, each consisting of a conductor 10, such ns nn or¬ dinary wire of any proper material, tapered 00 down and secured in any suitnble mnnncr to nn exceedingly fine gage sparking terminal 9. Tho conductor 10 may bo either inte¬ gral or fused with tho reduced terminal. The purpose of thus reducing tho terminal 66 down to tho thread-like gage is to choke or intensify tho current at the spnrk gap, and thereby prodtico a stronger spnrk which will bo more potential in igniting the gases in the cylinder of nn internal combustion en- 70 gino, and particularly so when the gas is under extremely high compression. Said tenninnl is, preferably, composed of plati¬ num, or any other good conductor capable of resisting tho disintegrating effects of in- 76 tense heat, nnd its extreme outer end lies (lush with the sparking or smaller end of the plug, in contradistinction to those spnrk gap terminals or points which project a short distance beyond the end of tho plug. 80 Tho conductor 10 extends longitudinally through the core of tho plug in a slightly torsional or spiral line for the purpose of avoiding ns much ns possible tho more weak¬ ening effect of running these two conduc- 86 tors in straight parallel lines, for it is de¬ sirable to maintain ns much strength ns pos¬ sible in the core, owing to its susceptibility to breakage from vibration.. Tho upper end of each conductor 10 terminates in a head 90 11 which sits in the lower end of a longitudi- nnl hole 12 in which is loented n tubular electrical conductor 13 connected with a lat¬ eral extending stem of a binding screw 14. This stem is connected to the tubular con- 96 ductor by a screw connection 15 on the in¬ side, its outer end being provided with the usual binding screw 10. As already stated, tho inner or sparking end of the core 2 is conical and the reduced 100 wire terminals 9 emerge from the opposite sides of the inclined wall thereof . at a point nbout half way between the apex and the bnse of the cone, thereby separating the two terminals sufficiently to bring them opposite 106 or under two inturned hook-shaped termi¬ nals or sparking points 17 and 17*. These points are set in the ends of the bushing 1 in the old nnd well known manner, so that the current will jump from the terminals 9 no to tho terminals 17 nnd 17* whenever the circuits are completed. It will bo seen that 1,081,788 tins location of Hie two terminals 9 in rela¬ tion to each other allows the outer end of the conical portion of the core 2 to como between the terminals and thereby assist in i preventing the establishment of a short cir¬ cuit. The lino wire terminals or electrodes 9 are linked in tlio porcelain in order to perfectly insulate them as well ns to more efficiently prevent the escapo of gas back I through the plug. I have found in practice that the hue wire conductors will condense the current and produce a much more effec¬ tive spark for igniting gas under high com¬ pression than it they were made of tlio full- si/.ed wires heretofore employed. The boro of the bushing l'is considerably larger than the diameter of the coro 2, in order to leave a surrounding chamber for the free circulation of the gases during ex¬ plosion to break up the accumulation of soot that might otherwise collect to short circuit tlio spark gap. IS represents a cap which fits over the top of tlio plug in order to give it a neat appear¬ ance and protect the connections. Having thus described my invention, what I claim as now and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: 1. In a spark plug, the combination of a non-conducting core having a conical spark¬ ing end and a pair of electrical conductors insulated from eacli other and passing lon¬ gitudinally through the coro, said conduc¬ tors terminating flush with (lie conical sur- ' face of said sparking end on opposite sides of tile apex of the cone, substant ially as de¬ scribed. 2. In a spark plug, tlio combination of a non-conducting core having a conical spark¬ ing end, a pair of conductors, insulated from cadi other, and passing longitudinally through the core, and a fine gage sparking terminal secured to the end of each conduc¬ tor, said terminals terminating (lush with the conical surface of said sparking end on op¬ posite sides of the apex of the cone, substan¬ tially ns described. 8. Ill a spark plug, tile combination of a ing end, a pair of conductors, insulated from each other, and passing longitudinally through the core, and n fine gage sparking terminal secured to the end of each con¬ ductor, said terminals terminating flush with the conical surface of said sparking 55 end on 'opposite sides of tlio apex of the cone, and said terminals being baked in the coro, a conducting bushing surrounding snid core, and spark terminals carried by said bushing and cooperating with ' said first 00 mentioned terminals to form spark gaps, substantially as described. I. In a spark plug, the combination of a non-conducting core having a 'conical sparking end and n pair of electrical con- 05 doctors insulated from each other and pass¬ ing longitudinally through tlio coro, said conductors terminating (lush with the coni¬ cal' surface of snid sparking end on oppo¬ site sides of the apex of the cone, a conduct- 70 ing bushing surrounding snid coro, and a pair of sparking. terminals carried by said bushing adapted to cooperate with tlio ter¬ minals of tliu electrical conductors of tlio core to form a pair of spark gaps, snid core 76 and bushing being provided with cooperat¬ ing means which upon the assembling of the core and bushing insures that said terminnls will always bo brought into the same rela¬ tive and correct positions to form said spark 80 gaps, substantially as described. 5. In a spark plug, tlio combination of n non-conducting core linving a conical spark¬ ing end, a pair of conductors insulated from each other and passing longitudinally 85 through tlie core, a fino gago sparking ter¬ minal secured to the end of each conductor, said terminals terminating (lush with the conical surface of said sparking end on op¬ posite sides of the apex of the cone, a con- 00 ducting bushing surrounding the said core, and sparking terminals carried by said bushing and cooperating with said first men¬ tioned terminals to form spark gaps, said core and bushing being provided with co- 06 operating means which upon the assembling of the core and bushing insures that said terminals will always be brought into, the same relative, and correct positions to form said spark gaps, substantially as described. 100 In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses. WILLIAM L. EDISON. Witnesses: Eiiesa G.'DuBois, C. B. ScnnoEDEii. This invention relates to a opark plug of the Jump spark class, for internal combustion engines, ray object be¬ ing to provide a plug by means of which, two entirely sepa¬ rate and independent electrical systems or circuits nay be employed either alternately or simultaneously, for pro¬ ducing one or two sparks whereby the plug may be connected separately or together with a battery or with a magneto. A further object of my invention is the provision of means for producing a moro offeotive spark, and thereby attaining bettor ignition under higher compression than has hitherto-been acoomplished. With these and other ob¬ jects irt 'View, ray invention consists in the peculiar fea¬ tures and combinations of parts more fully described here¬ inafter and pointed out in the claims. Bof 01-ring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a longitudinal elevation of my complete spark plug. Figure 2, a similar view partly in section. Figure 3, a longitudinal section. Figure 4, an end view. Figure 5, an end view of the opposite or outor end of tho plug, with the cap removed, and Figure 6, a diagrammatic view. Each of the two electrical conductors, together with the external conneotors and the spark gaps, are constructed exaotly alike, and a description of one will apply to both. The reference numeral 1 indicates an ordinary spark plug bushing provided with tapering threads adapted to screw into tho cylinder head of a gas engine. 2 is an elongated core composed, preferably, of porcelain, although it might be made of mioa or glass. This core has a central circu¬ lar enlargement 3 adapted to enter the buBhing and to be dumped between a shouldor 4 and the end of a looking oleeve 5 acrewod into the bushing and surrounding the core. Suitable washers C aro interposod between the partB to make a gas-tight joint and prevent breakage under pressure of the sleeve. 7 represents a short aligning pin fixed to the inside of the bushing 1 and adapted to enter an open slot 8 extending across the side of the circular en¬ largement 3 whereby the core is retained in its proper alignment and whereby the spark-gap terminals are always brought opposite each other in the act of assembling the parts. Two ooparate and independent eleotrioal cirouits 9a and 9b, Figure 6, extend longitudinally through the core 2 of the plug, oaoh consisting of a conductor 10, such as an ordinary wire of any proper material, tapered down ancl socurod in any suitable manner to an exceedingly fine gauge sparking terminal. 9, The conductor 10 may be either integral or fused with the reduced terminal. The purpose of thus reducing the terminal down to the thread-like gauge 1b to choke or intensify the current at the spark gap, and thereby produco a stronger spark whioh will bo more potential in igniting the gases in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, and particular¬ ly so when the gas is under extremely high compression. Said terminal is, preferably, composed of platinum, or any other good oonduotor capable of resisting the disin¬ tegrating effects of intense heat, and its extreme outer end lies flush with the sparking or smaller end of the | plug, in contradiotinotion to those spark gap terminals j or points which project a short distanoe beyond the end of tho plug. The conductor 10 extends longitudinally through the core of the plug in a slightly torsional or j spiral line for the purpose of avoiding as muoh as possi- -2- ble the more weakening effeot of running these two con¬ ductors in straight parallel linen, for it is desirable 1 to maintain as much strength as possible in the core, owing to its susceptibility to breakage from vibration. The upper end of each conductor 10 terminates in a head 11 vfoioh sets in the lov7er end of a longitudinal hole 12 in which is located a tubular olootrical conduotor 13 connected with a lateral extending stem of a binding screw 14. This stem is connected to the tubular conduotor by a screvf connection 15 on the inside, its outer end being provided with the usual binding screw 16. As already stated, the inner or sparking end of the core 2 is coni¬ cal and the reduced wire terminals 0 emerge from the op¬ posite sides of tho inclined wall thereof at a point about half way between the apex and the baso of tho cone, thereby separating tho two terminals sufficiently to bring them opposite or under two inturned hook-shaped terminals or sparking points 1^. Those points are sot in the ends of tho hushing 1 in the old and well known ^ manner, so that the curront will Jump from the terminals ‘ 9 to tho terminal 17, whenever •fc-ctrou4.^-isi completed, i ! It will be seen that this location of the two terminals 9 in relation to each other allows the outer end of the conical portion of the core 2 to come between the ter¬ minals and thereby assist in preventing the establish¬ ment of a short circuit. The fine wire terminals or elec¬ trodes 9 are haked in the porcelain in order to perfectly insulate them as well as to more efficiently prevent the osoape of gas back through the plug. I have found in practioo that the fine wire oonduotors will condense the current and produce a much more effective spai-k for ignit¬ ing gas under high compression than if they wore made of the full-Bized wire® heretofore employed, ihe horo of the/ hushing 1 is considerably larger than the diameter of the j core 2, in order to leave a surrounding ohamber for the free circulation of the gases during explosion to break up the accumulation of soot that might otherwise oolleot to short circuit tho spark gap. 18 represents a cap ') '// whioh fits ovor tho top of the plug in order to give it a neat appearance and protect the oonneotions. Having thus described my invention, what I claim an new and desire to seourc by Letters Patent, is: \ l spark plug having a central oore corapocod of insulating, material, and a surrounding bushing and sleeve \f or holding said core, in combination with two longitudinal independent electrical oonduotors extending through tho plug dncl terminating at the inner ond of said 2. A\spark pltig provided with a oore containing two longitudinal eloctrioal circuits, in combination with two terminals at the opposite ends of said core, and a bushing provided with electrodos adapted to co-operate with the terminals, of Baid \lrcuits. 3. A spark plug provided with a core containing two independent electrioal oirctiits, in combination with a pair of terminals arranged andVdaptod to provide two spark gaps working independently oV each other. 4. A spark plug provided with, two independent electrical oircuits and two spark gaps\ 1 /fi>."'' ._A spark plug provided with twb independent electrical ciroults spirally arranged within the core of the plug. 2 yJS. A spark plug provid'ed^with a core W non¬ conducting material, in oombinatlon''with a spiral con¬ ductor extending through tho ooro. — Ajjpark plug having a < i containing two in¬ dependent ciroults, in combination with two independent terminals at one ond of the core and two spark-gaps i the opposite end thereof. -t L spark plug provided with the usual non¬ conducting co>a and conducting bushing, in combination with spark-gap\r^rminals comprising a fine wire terminal located in the i 9. A sparkNpll ving. a core composed of non¬ conducting or lnsulaVi iterlal containing an oleotrioal circuit composed of cc ^oro having different { rk-gap terminals 10. A spark plug havin\ a core containing an oleotrioal circuit provided witika spark-gap terminal of fine gaugo, Internally connected with a conductor of larger gauge. ll'. A spark plug provided with £ composed of conductors of differont -6- 3 — ItSO. . HJJJ); DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C„ Juno 27, 1908. William I.. Edison, o/o Prod E. Tasker, 50 Chur oh St., Hew York, H. Y. Fleoee find belou) a oomtminieation from the EXAMINER charge of your application, S. Ho. 437,516, filed June 9, 1908, Spark Plugs. This oaso has been examined. Pago 2, line 12, numerals 9a and 9b are not on tha drawings. Page 3, line 11, numeral 16 is not on the drawings. Claims 1 to .7, inclusive, define nothing patentable over the following references, and are rejected! ffffj British Patent to Sharp, 3402/of 1906 fecettfuf BXc-bftf*' Erenoh Patent to Sharp, 36^298 dlUori f-^/ o U (123-169) X Claims 8 to 11, inolnsiveXare rejected on Prenoh Patent to Jeffery, 376^219 ^123-169). >«, See also ./ German Patent to Veigel, 19^650 (123-169) , ^~tc '^/°7 - show tag an alining . means . Examiner , Room 362, Application, William L. Edison, Serial No. 437,616, Filed June 9, 1908, Spark Plugs. Hon. Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. Sir! Office letter of June 27, 1908, received and considered, and further action on the case is re¬ quested in view of the following amendments and remarks. AMENDMENTS. Erase the statement of invention comprising lines 1 to 14 inclusive, and substitute the following! "This invention relates to a spark-plug of the jump- spark olass for internal combustion engines, my objeot being to extend the conductors through the care of porce¬ lain, or other insulating material, in such a manner that the core will not be weakened as much as usual, and will be much less liable to break. "With this and other objects in view my invention consists in the peculiarities hereinafter more fully described and olaimed." Erase all the olaims, excepting 6 and 6, and sub¬ stitute the following: 3. A''hp^rk plug having the usual non-conduoting core and conduoting.bushing, in combination with an eleotrioal conductor passing longitudinally through the oore and tapering gradually as it extends toward the spark gap. New York City, July 27, 1908. April 29, 1909. Hr. Harry B. Palmer-, 10 Eifth Ave., He', 7 York City. My dear Mr. Palmer: Since you were here- this morning, X have had the Edison file looked up and have taken therefrom various papers which show the history of the application. They are enclosed herewith, and I think you will find that they are all that is needed to fully explain the status of the case. Please note that the last action on this case was made September 19, 1908, and hence amendment is required prior to September 19, 1909, that is to say, within one year- if the case is to he kept alive and to he further prosecuted. I have no copy of the drawings hut think Mr. Edison must have one as several were made. Neither have I copies of the ci¬ tations for they were sent to Mr. Edison long since. If the case is to he further prosecuted hy me, kindly let me have your full instructions as soon as possible, and X shall he very glad to take up the matter. 'fee JEFFERY-DEWITT COMPANY SPARK PLUG MANUFACTURERS NUMBERS 217 and 219 HIGH STREET lE&iflmt DOUBLE SYSTEM Newark, N. July 29, 1909. Wn. 1. Sdison, Pleasnntdalo, H.J. Pear Sir:- •■Oiat have you done about seexiring patent papers, eto., so we oan go ahead in the natter, end have our patent attorney see what olntns onn be obtained. I believe the tine nust be very linited in whieh an anendnent onn be filed, and unless yon give this your very pronnt attention, your patent will be taken fron the files. vIo await " your pleasure. Very truly yours. August, 25, 09. Hon. Commissioner of Patents., Wash! nston, D. C. Ki idly moke and send me as soon as possible copies of the following patents cited in application of S.L. Edison, spark plugs filed June, 9, 08. serial # 437515. Erench patent to Sharp. 364,298 (123-169) " " " Jeffery. 376,219 (123-169) german •• " Veigel. 192,650 (123-169) Swiss " " Sanders. 28,333 (123-169) Refer you to office action of Sept. 19, 1908 regarding this last number. Kirdly make this charge to W.L. Edison sending bill to ljie Very truly yours. JMC/AP General Counsel, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C„ | Your letter of Aug.25/09 (No. 163160 ) has been ^ | received. In reply you are informed that copies of Specif ica- > g tions of prench Patent 364,298 will cost (§1.00), print of ; S drawings (25/) , Prench Patent 376,219 (J'-Z.on), print (26/), 7 German Patent 192,650 (80/), print (25/), Swiss Patent 28,333 o (§1.20), print (25/), ' j the same will be prepared and forwarded to your address on , Ii. Edison has no account with RETURN THIS CIRCULAR WITH FEE. Very respectfully. Mr. Prank L. Dyer* , Orange, . , IT. .T. Commissioner of Patents: Commissioner of Pa^rjjis, /^RECEIVED. ^ i sEPraisoa • l franki. » & i -V Inclosed please- find $ _ , the amount of fee called for in above circular. Hon. Coramiaaionor of Patents Washington, J). C. f Sir: In reply to your letter No. l6?,l60, kindly haaten the tranalations of theae patents and charge the cost thereof to my account. Yours very truly, General Counsel. 'PAS. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D. C. Leiteh No. 167 , 098 Division E. September 8, 1909. Mr. Frank I. Dyer, i> " ■ ‘ Orange, E. J. ' . " " — ' Sir: Ihe Commissioner directs me to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 2nd inst., relative to your order of Aug. 25th for copies of four foreign patents, requesting that the translations he hastened. In reply you are advised that your order was for copies of the patents and the estimate furnished you on September 1st was for copies only of the specifications, the cost of which is 56.00. Your account is insufficient to cover the cost of trans¬ lations of the specifications, which would be 530.00. Please notify the Office just what you desire and if necessary make a further deposit. Bacon & Melans (IlmmHpUorfi at Earn SOLICITORS IN PATENT AND TRADE-MARK CAUSES McGill Building, DOS G Stueut, Northwest ■WASHINGTON, D. C. Prank L. Dyexi, Esq., Orange, N.J, Dear Sir; .September 8, 1 < We are in receipt of your favor of the 7th inst. , in the matter of your order on the Patent Office for trans¬ lations of certain Prench', German and Swiss patents cited in the application of W.D. Edison. Upon looking up the matter in the Office today we found that some confusion had arisen as to whether you desired translations of the patents or just copies of the specifications. A letter to this effect was mailed to you yesterday or today from the patent Office. We were informed hy the clerk in charge that the Office could complete the work hy the 14th and that the charge for the translations and prints of the drawings will he $31.00. We understand that it will he satisfactory if the translations and printB are mailed from the Patent Office on the 14th and we have accordingly instructed the clerk to proceed with the translations and have filed the amount of $31.00 to cover the cost of the same. The other matters referred to in your favor are receiving attention and will he reported on- shortly. Following your instructions we are noting the charge in this matter against William 1. Edison. Sept. 9/09 Canfield - 10 A. M. Bacon & Milana Stop Patent Office translations regard W. 1. Edison. Secure copies and forward at once. Translations not wanted. Prank L, Dyer. FRED E. TASKER, COUNSELLOR AT LAW, September 9, 1909. Dyer Smith, Esq. , Legal Dept, of Thomas A. Edison, Orange, H. J. Dear Sir: Enclosed please find associate power of attorney in Mr. Edison's Spark Plug case, which I trust you will find satisfactory. Bacon & Milans (UomtatllnrH at Earn Prank L. Dyer, Esq., Orange, N. J . , Dear Sir : Sept. 9, }909. We are in receipt of your telegram dated Sept 9, and reading as follows: "Stop patent Office translations regard W. I. Edison secure copies and forward at once translations not wanted. " We accordingly canceled the order for the trans¬ lations and at that time were informed that it is doubtful if the Patent Office could complete the work of making copies of the specifications by the 14th. We thereforei'did not leave this work for the Office hut are having the copies made and expect to mail them by the 14th. We have filed an order in the Patent Office for prints of the French, German and Swiss patents and also of the British patent to Sharp 3402 of 1906. We had the order made speciaiand the Office has promised to let us have the same in time to forward by the 14th. In order to avoid confusion and delay, when we filetf $31 for the translations, we took the liberty of signing your name to the letter. In canceling the order for Sheet No . 2 . Date . Sant. 9, 1909 . the translation, we requested that this amount he refunded and in due course you should receive the same from the Office. We are accordingly noting a charge of this amount against your account. We are having a copy made of the specification of British patent to Sharpe 3402 of 1906. The same will he sent shortly. In Office letter of Sept. 19 '08 in regard to the V/. L. Edison application the citation referred to hy you is 889338 to Schulze, June 2, 1908, rather than 880338, the number given in your favor. We referred this matter to the Examiner, who stated that it-' is.. Ms intention to cite the Schulze patent. Yours very truly, b/gab. Sept. 9, 1909 Hon. Commissioner of Patonts, Washington, D. C. RE APPLICATION OP V/. L. EDISON, SPARK PLUGS, PILED JUNE 9, 1908, SERIAL HO. 4?7,515 Sir: I Leg to enclose associate power of attorney given me in this application hy Pred E. Tasker, the attorney of record. Kindly direct all official actions in thiB case to me. Very respectfully, DS/JS Eno. Attorney Sept. 10, 1909 Fred E. Tasker, Esq., 50 Church -Street, Hew York, H. Y. Dear Sir: I have your favor of September 9th enclosing associate power of attorney in Hr. William L. Edison's Spark Plug case, for which I thank you. Yours very truly, DS/JS Sept. 15, 1909 MoBorB. Bacon & llilans, 908 G Street, N. HIT. Washington, X). 0. Gentleman: Kindly inquire in Koom Ho, 382 of the Patent Office in the case of William L. Jidi3on, Serial Ho. 437,515, SPARK PLUGS, whether the associate power of attorney given me in this case hy Bred E. Tasker, 50 Church Street, Hew York, the original attorney of record, has been received and is satis¬ factory. , I filed this associate power of attorney some days ago, but have not received acknowledgment from the Office. 1 am forwarding an amendment in thi3 ca3e to the Office today, and as the year for action expires Saturday, September 18th, kindly wire me if the power of attorney to me 1b not satisfactory or has not been received. Yours very truly, BS/JS General Counsel. IN THE UNI TEL STATES PATENT OFFICE William L. Edison SPARK PLUGS Piled June 9, 1908 Serial No. 437,515 Room No. 382 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS SIR: In response to rejection of September 19, 1908, pleaBe amend the above entitled oase as follows: Cancel all the claims and substitute the following: (^6 Os - I ^ * ~ spark plug, the combination of a non-oon- duoting\oore, a conducting bushing, an electrical conduc¬ tor passing longitudinally through the core and tapering gradually as\it extends toward the spark gap, and a fine gauge sparking\terminal secured to the small extremity of said conductor^ substantially as described. 2. In a sparlrsplug, the combination of a non-con¬ ducting oore, a conducting bushing, an electrical conduc¬ tor passing longitudinally through the core and tapering gradually as it extends toward the spark gap, and a fine gauge Bparking terminal secured to the small extremity of said conductor, the extreme oVrfcer end of said terminal lying flush with the sparking end o^ said core, sub¬ stantially as described. (1) i spark plug, the combination of a non-oon- an eleotrical conductor extending longitud- ihrough the same, said conductor having its upper end located some distance below the upper end of the core, saio\ core being provided with a longitudinal recess above the uhp er end of said conductor, a conducting member adjusted in said recess into firm oontaot with the upper end\of said conductor, and a connection for an outside oirouity connected to said member, substantially as described. 7. In a spark plug, the combination of a non-con- ducting core , a naiV-of independent electr-loal cirdUltB,: a pair of oonductors\ •drre-irT'eacire-iTCU-i-t-andj passing longitudinally through t;he core, said conductors being twisted into Bpiral shkpe\,^ substantially as described. 8. In a spark pluV, the combination of a non-con¬ ducting core, an electrical, conductor extending longitud¬ inally through the same, sdid conductor having its upper •end located some distance below the upper end of the core, said core being provided with a .longitudinal recess above the upper end of said conductor, a removable conducting member adjusted in sVld recess into firm contact with the end of said conductor, and. a- laterally extending circuit connection aleotrically connected to said member, substantially as described. \ v REMARKS I Page 2, line 12, the numerals £a and £b are in Pigure 6 of the drawings. (3) Pago 3, line 11, the Examiner 1b requested to apply the reference oharaoter l6 to the binding screws illustrated to the right and the left of the upper part of member 2 in Figures 1 and 2. He is also requested to change the numeral 14 to 16 in Figure 4, designating said binding screws. The claims have been carefully rewritten in view of the references and are thought to be patentable thereover. In none of the references is a fine wire sparking terminal illustrated as secured to a tapered ordinary conductor passing through the core. Neither is the oonstruotion shown of a ooro having a conical sparking end, the two sparking terminals having their ends flush with the conical surface of the end of the core on opposite sides of tho apex of the cone, so that the interposition of the latter between the tenr, inalB prevents the possibility of short circuiting. The struc¬ ture claimed in Claims 6 and 8, in which a removable and adjustible member contacting the upper erid^ of the cont ductor within the core, this member being in electrical contact with the outside circuit connection, \ is claimed, would seem to be patentable over the references. Also, the structure claimed in Claim 7 is not met. in any of the, references. In neither the patent to Schultz nor the British patent to Sharpe is the idea disclosed.' of 'twisting the conductor spirally within the insulating \core fbr the purpose of strengthening tho latter. Experience has Bhown the beneficial results of thiB construction. ( Reconsideration and allowance of all the claims are requested. Respectfully submitted. WILLIAM L. EDISON By ^7 a-.// /■ £7-^ HI 8 Attorney Orange, New Jersey September 15, 1909. Bacon & Milans (fimtttHcllm-s at Siam SOLICITORS IN PATENT AND TRADK-WARK CAUSES lIcGn.1 Buildino, nos G Street, Northwest WASHINGTON, 1>. C. September 16, 1909. Eranlc H. Dyer, Esq. > Orange, E.J, Dear Sir: Iij._SdiBQn Application Serial No. 437. ^^.Spark- Plugs. We are in receipt of your favor of the 15th Inst., and would adviBe you that upon inquiry at the Patent Office we find that your associate power of attorney in this application has been duly received and entered in the Patent Office. Youre very truly, E/GW E.S. The associate power is apparently satisfactory. In this connection we were advised by the Examiner in charge of this Divi¬ sion that it iB not the custom or rule of the Office to acknowledge by letter the receipt of associate powers. 8— 800. RYH DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, ;1 United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C., . Oot. 81 , 1909 i William L. Edison c/ o . prank L. '*•, • > Orange, Please find below a communication ~frinh the EXAMINER in charge of your application, S. No. 437,018, filed June 9, 1908, Spark Plugs. Commissioner of Faisals. Case considered as amended Sept, ij.8, 1909. . ClatoB 4, 5 and 7, the reference to the circuits, in lines 2, 3 and 4, shpuld he omitted. The o irouits are not in the Bpark plug, as ,the preamble to these three claims specifies. Claims -l and 2 are rejected on Jeffery, in view of Sander. To make the rod 5 jin Pig. 1 of Jeffery tapered, as in Sander, is . ..... v,; c /to." : no t pi tentable . Claim 3 isrejeoted on Jeffery, of record. To make the inner end of the core 4 of Jeffery conioal, or to give it ary other oonvenient/shape, is not believed to amount to invention. Ses 91ef 313, Herrington, Har. 23, 1909 (173, Conductors), showing a terminal flush with a Bp^drioal surface. Claim 6 is rejected o Ge naan Patent to De Pion, 131^431^- Prenoh Patent to be Eioken , 337^419 (123-169). Claim 7 is, rejected on either of the patents to Sharpe, or on Orswell. To make the insulated conductors of Sharpe of spiral form is held to be a mere matter of ohoioe, and not invention. Claim 8 is rejeoted on be Eioken, above oited. To conneot -2- (Edison, 437,515). a oonduotor to the part o of the reference, if preferred, inBtaad of' to the stem t, is held to he too obvious to he patentable. IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OfflOI William L. Edison SPARK PLUGS Piled June 9, 1908 Serial No. 437,515 Room No. 382. HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS SIR : « In response to rejection of October 21st, 1909, please amend this case as follows:- Cancel Claims 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8. InBert the following claims numbered 1 and 2:- 1. In a spark plug, the combination of a non¬ conducting core having a conical sparking end and a pair of electrical conductors insulated from each other and passing longitudinally through the oore, Bald conductors terminating Ain the conical surface of said sparking end on opposite sides of the apex of the cone, substantially as described. '\2 . In a Bpark plug, the combination of a non- , oonducting^core having a sparking end formed with a swell- ing^or nrotuberanoo .^and a pair of electrical conductors insulated from each other'" and^passing longitudinally leiTnlnating on opposite through the core, said conductors tei Bides of said -awe-tH-ng— in said Bparking end^with said swslxing interposed between the endB thereof, subs- ly as described. (1) Claim 4, lines 2 and 3, cancel "a pair of in¬ dependent electrical circuits". Line 4, canoel "one in each circuit" and substitute - insulated from each other Claim 5, lineB 2 and 3, cancel "a pair of in¬ dependent electrical circuits". Line 4, canoel "one in each circuit" and substitute - insulated from each other Renumber Claims 4 and 5 as 3 and 4. R E M A R K S Reconsideration and allowance are requested. The rejected claims have been oanceled, and those objected to have been amended to overcome the Examiner's objec¬ tions. ClaimB 1 and 2 inserted by this amendment are thought to be patentable over the references, the broad subject matter of the conical sparking end or sparking end having a swelling upon opposite sides of which the termi¬ nals of the conductors are situated to prevent short- circuiting thereof, being apparently novel. Respeotfully submitted, WILLIAM L. EDISON His Attorney Orange, New Jersey October 19th, 1910. RTH DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON KOV . 18, 1910. L. Edison, c/o Prank L . Lyer, Esq., Orange, N. J. Please find below a comm, miioaf, ion, from, the EX AH! HER in charge of your application. S. Ko. 437,515, filed June 9, 1908, Spark Plugs. ( Commissioner of Patents. Case considered as amended Oct. 20, 1910. Claim 2, lines 2 and 3, "swelling or protuberance" should be projection. Lino 6, "swelling" should be projection . and "in" should be on. WPP Examiner. IH THE UNITED STATES PATENT ONE ICE William L. Edison SPARK PLUGS Piled June 9, 1908 Serial Ho. 437,515 Room No. 382, HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP patents SIR: In response to Office letter of November 18, 1910, please amend this case as follows Claim 2, lines 2 and 5, cancel "swelling or protuberance" and substitute - projection - . Same claim, line 6, cancel "swelling in" and substitute - projection on - . Line 7, cancel "swelling" and substitute - projection - . remarks The Examiner ' b objections have been overcome, and thiB case is thought to be in condition for immediate al¬ lowance which is requested. Respectfully submitted, WILLIAM L. EDISON By Orange, New Jersey His Attorney Novembers 2 , 1910 . (COPY) Div. 28 Room 65 Paper No. 11 DEPARTMENT OP THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OPPICE William L. Edison, c/o Prank 1. Dyer, Esq., Orange, N. J. Washington, Deo. 3, 1910. U. S. Patent Office Dec. 3, 1910 MAILED Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. S. No. 437,515i filed June 9, 1908, Spark Plugs. E. E. MOORE, Commissioner of Patents. Por the purpose of interference, it is suggested that the applicant make the following patentable claim: In a spark plug, an insulating member, two or more conduo- tors carried by said member and terminating outside of said in¬ sulating member, a portion of said insulating member extending between the extremities of the conductors. B Pailure of the applicant to make this claim within thirty days will be taken as a disclaimer of the invention covered by the claim, as provided in Rule 96. Copy to William L. Edison, Orange, N. J. Examiner. Copy to Prank L. Dyer, Esq., Orange, N. J. S. Ko. 437,515, filed June 9, 1908, Spark Plugs. For the purpose of interference, it is suggested that the applicant make the following patentable claim: In a spark plug, an insulating member, two or more conductors carried by said member and terminating outside of said insulating member, a portion of said insulating member extending between the extremities of the conductors. Fairure of the applicant to make this claim within thirty days will be taken as a disclaimer of the invention covered by the claim, as provided in Rule 96. HSM IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OPPICE William L. Edison SPARK PLUGS Piled June 9, 1908 Serial No. 457,515 Room No. 65 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS SIR: In response to Office letter of December 5, 1910, please amend this oaBe as follows :- Insert the following claim:- + ' ( 5. — -In a spark plug, an insulating member, two or more oonduotor7^^red~-by_said momber and terminating out¬ side of said insulating member, a portion ^of^said^insul- atlng member extending between the extremities of the—. - , conductors. REMARKS The claim suggested by the Examiner has been in¬ serted in the application by the above amendment, and it is hoped that the proposed interference may shortly be declared. • Respectfully submitted, WILLIAM L. EDISON By - Orange, N. J. His Atto^ey December £ , 1910 Dec. 7, 1910 Mr. William Tu^Edison., _ Salisbury, Maryland. Dear Mr. Edison:- Your application on Spark Plugs Is apparently going to get Into an Interference, as you will see by the enclosed letter from the Patent Office. I have added the claim sug¬ gested by the Examiner to your application, and the interfer¬ ence will probably be declared within perhaps five weeks. When that 1b done, we will be able to tell how early the other man filed his application and what our chances are. Since your application is already two years old^ I should think it likely that we had a very good ohanoe indeed. Yours very truly, DS-JS Enc. RTK DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON Dec. 10, 1911. Please find below a communication from the EX AMIN EH in charge of your application. S. No. 437,015, filed June 9, 190H, Spark Plugs. _ Commissioner of Patents* Claims 2 and 5 are rejected on the iseuo of the interference. Claim 1 is rejected on the isBue of interference. To have the part of the oore between the two electrodes conical is not patentable, in view of y rO -r Carman Patent 32,332 (123-109), and to have the electrodes terminate flush with the insulator is old, in viow of o y Jeffery, 942,646, Dec. 7, 1909 (123-169). Claims 3 and 4 are rejeoted on the same ground and references, the Jeffery patent showing fine gage terminals, baked in the plug. in charge. HSM Asst Iff THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE William 1. Eaiaon SPARK PLUGS Filed June 9, 1908 Serial No. 437,515 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, SIR: In reaponae to the Offloe action of Deoember 15, 1911, pleaao amena the above entitlea oase aa follows : - Page 3, line 18, after "17" insert - ana 17a - . Lines 20 ana 21, ohange "terminal" to - terminals - . line 21, after "17" insert - ana 17a - . Same line, oanoel "a oirouit is" ana insert - the oirouits are - . Claim 1, line 5, ana olaims 3 ana 4, line 6, oanoel "in" and insert - flush with - . Canael olaims 2 and 5 and renumber olaims 3 and 4 Add the following olaims: - ^\4^ In a spark plug, the oombination of a non-oonduot ing oore having a oonduotor therein terminating eooentri- oally of one end thereof, a oonduoting bushing in whioh t the oore is adapted to^be^seoured ana whioh is provided at one end with a terminal or sparklhg^point for oo-operation with tho terminal of the oonduotor in the^non-oonduot ing xoore, and means whioh upon the assembling of the oore and bushing insures the oorreot relative positioning of the . terminal's to form a sparlc gap, substantially as desoribed. 5. In avspark plug, the oombination of a non-oonduotl ing oore having a sparking end and a pair of oonduotors therein insulated from each other and terminating in the sparking end eooentrioallyxthereof , a oonduoting bushing in| which the oore is seoured and wjiioh is provided at one end with a pair of terminals or sparkihg points for reBpeotive-| ly co-operating with the terminals ofNilxe oonduotors in the non-oonduoting oore to form a pair of spark-gaps, said oore and bushing 'being provided with oo-operating means whioh upon the assembling of the oore and bushing insureiKthat the respective spark gap terminals thereof will alwaysshe brought opposite eaoh other tb form said spark gaps, sub¬ stantially as desoribed. L/ In a spark plug, the oombination of a non-oohduot. ing oore having a oonioal 'sparking end and a pair of eleo- trioal oonduotors insulated frpm eaoh other and passing longitudinally through, the oore, said oonduotors terminatr ing flush with the conloal surfaoe of said sparking end on opposite sides of the apex of the oone.ja oonduoting bush¬ ing surrounding said oore, and a pair of sparking terminals oarried by said bushing adapted to oo-operate with the ter- ininalB of the electrical oonduotorB of the oorei to form a pair of spark gaps. Bald oore and bushing being provided with oo-operating means whioh upon the assembling of the oore and bushing insures that said terminals will always be brought into the same relative and oorreot positions to form said Bpark gaps, substantially as desoribed. (2) SO ^ fy. In a spark plug, the oombination of a non-oonduat- ing oore having a oonioal spark£ng, end, a pair of oonduot- # brs insulated from each other and passing longitudinally through the oore, a fine gauge sparking terminal seoured to the end of eaoh oonduotor, said terminals terminating flush with the oonioal -surfaoe. of said aparking end oh--- opposite sideB of the apex of the oone, a oonduoting bush¬ ing surrounding the said oore, arid sparking terminals bar- ^ ried by said bushing and oo-oporating with said first men¬ tioned terminals to form spark gaps, said oore and bushing being provided with oo-operating means whioh upon the as¬ sembling of the oore .and bushing insures that said termi¬ nals will alwayB bo brought into the same relative and . oorreot positions to form said spark gaps, substantially as described. REMARKS The Examiner is requested to apply tho referenoe oharaoter 18 in Figures 1,2 and 3 to the oap on tho oore 2. None of the references discloses a Bpark plug in whioh the non-oonduoting oore has a oonioal sparking end and in whioh the conductors passing through the oore termi¬ nate fluBh with the oonioal surfaoe of the sparking end and on opposite sides thereof, and present olaims 1, 2 and 3 are therefore thought to be allowable* Suoh a structure pro¬ duces terminals tapered to a point . whioh results in the intensification and oohoentration of the ourrent at the spark gaps to produoe stronger sparks than would, be possible in the structure dis dosed by the Jeffery patent, in whioh the terminal of tho oonduotor in the oore is a surfaoe equal to tho oross s national area of' the wire 6 or orifioe (3) ' 6’ taken on a plane at right angles to the axis of the oonduotor 5 or 5' . Hew olaims 4 ana 5 speoify that the oonanotor or oonduotors in the1 oore terminate eooentrioally of one end of the oore and that means is provided whioh upon the assembling of the oore and conducting bushing insures the oorreot relative positioning of the sparking terminals of the oore and bushing to form a spark gap or gaps, and are thought to be clearly allowable. Hew olaims 6 and 7 alBO speoify that the bushing and oore are provided with oo-operating means whioh upon the assembling of the oore and bushing insures that the terminals thereof will always be brought into the same relative and oorreot positions to form the spark gaps. The Be olaims further speoify that the oonduotors of the oore terminate flush with the oonidal surface of the sparking end of the oore and on opposite sides of the apex of the oone, as set forth in olaims 1, 2 and 3. In view of the above, further consideration and allowanoe are requested. ReBpeotfully submitted, WILLIAM L. EDI SOU . By _ Orange, Hew Jersey His Attorney December 12th, 1912 Case considered as amended Dec. 13, 1918. (Haims 4 and 6 are answered by French patent to Sharpe, in vl ew of German patent to Veigel, both of record. There would bo no invention to provide the plug of Sharpe with an alining device. Claims 4 and 5 are rejected. The other^Ola lms may be allowed. Examiner . , IH THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE William L. Edison SPARK PLUGS Filed Juno 9, 1908 Serial No. 437,515 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, SIR: In response to the Offioe action. .of April 28, 1913, please amend the above entitled oase as follows Room No. 63. Cano el olaims 4 and. 5 and renumber olaims 6 and 7 as 4 and 5. R E M A R K S The olaims rejeotea in the last Offioe aotion have been oanoelea, and an allowanoe of the oase is ao- oordingly requested. Respeotfully submitted, WILLIAM L. EDISON By ' His Attorney Orange, Hew Jersey Serial No. 437,515. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON SGpt. 15, 1913. William L. Edison, Sir: Your APPLICATION for a patent for an IMPROVEMENT in 3l>orln Plugs, -' 1 .5. /- 4, _i u v' l (na .I'oCtt v-f Xt-. l/(’7' \N / ■ ~r ' f. „ It.« « <^r's 0"Ar^ *> / . \ i , -7; ', i ffrri C-V ? '■ . +- «-c— j- Ln.,c.„r, "G ui- t; l_,r..., _ ^.;4 l|- pcn-vn-c^ •'*'-* ,„4- t-V L'"' " t—^itv jit r "4 '■ „ r^> -nu '4*4r f [ON BACK OF PRECEDING PAGE] ^ to*~uJr h't-uOu-, Ja mrz.tf3 .- !o 'o-6^ ; •^Vvl£,tfU^ . 0 J A^rvw|jLj^ . «. W *:^'i i^jncrvu.^ &Jr Jyifij&i Lfitn-L L hd-c. *£ Mu*uj c^ijudb /k>iL (U-< nAI ; U.C, tuc du.lu*^ jinu /jtJuXX.d^, '• (V-»-/ . . f^e-1 uO luu dS^u^ <*i ca.iX^v- ,' ) Kn>&~c tVvd.C^j^£wvv_>U.«St. r| i-voodi Lu. if) ^ £ $ lu^t^dZcL (^ Y\f csM. SL ^ — v \ v'l- ^ V’ • 423 - Folio No . Applicant. .tf.'J&Hstzx . &.. . ^W„! 9- . Serial No.^4& Address. ^E\. . Title &&&U c ^ ^-4^< ■» Filed .^f %^/.3../..../f*../.... . Examiner’s Room No,.^/.^.:..... Assignee . • Ass’g’t Exec... . Recorded . ...Liber... Page Patent No . Issued . ACTIONS. 9. 10 Sir, 12.. 13- 14. : 15, 24 . 25, 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 .. . 30.. K\\¥t . FRANK L. DYER, Counsel, . : - •: ORANGE, NE\y JERSEY. August 12, 1908 Honorable Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C, Sir: 1 enclose herewith drawings and application papers of Thomas A. Edison, entitled COLORED PICTURE EXHIBITING APPARATUS, also check for $15. 00 for filing fee thereon. Kindly acknowledge receipt. Very truly yours, General Counsel. petition ®o tfjc Commissioner of patents: gour petitioner thomas alva Edison, a citi?en of tfje ©niteb States, resibitig anb ijabing a Post ©ffice abbress at Llewellyn Park, Orange, in the County of Essex and State of New Jersey, praps tfjat letters patent map be granteb to bint for tije improbements in COLORED PICTURE EXHIBITING APPARATUS Set forth in tlje annexeb Specification; anb be ijerebp appoints Jfranb 1L. ©per (Registration j?o. 560), of ©range, Jleto SleiScp, bis attornep, toitfj full potoer of substitution anb rebocation, to prosecute this application, to mabe alterations anb amenbments therein, to receibe tfje patent, anb to transact all business in tlje Patent ©ffice connecteb tberetoitfj. i B I !! C If l C H I 0 N TO ALL WHOM IT MAY COHOHKB: BB IT KNOW SHAT I, THOMAS AIWA. 3SJD3R02I, R oitiaen of the United States, residing at Llewellyn Park, Orange, in the County of Essex and in the State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful improvements in COLORED PICTURE EXHIBITING APPARATUS, of which the following is a description: My invention relates to improvements in the art of projecting moving pictures by moans of which pictures in colors true to life may "be projected on a screen or otherwise. 'The invention consists broadly in means for momentarily projecting an image of all tlio dements of a scene of one fundamental color in that color; and of there¬ after successively projecting images which are superimposed uvon, or 1th , the first image on the retina of the beholder, of those elements of the scene of different fundamental colors in their proper oolors respectively . These successive images are projected at 3uch a rate that in accordance with the phenomenon of persistence of vision the former images persist in the vision of the beholder unti after the last image of the series has been projected upon the screen, so^ tho£_the whole Beries of images thus pro- j acted will u£i!&n Ihuaradva o- and blend together on the retina. of the oye of the beholder, causing an image of the complete scene in itB proper andltrue oolors to be formed on the retina. In the case of moving pictures the scene t3ius produced, composed as it is of a plurality of parts of (1) scenoB, each one consisting of those elements of the soene of one fundamental color, corresponds to a single instantan¬ eous scene in the case of ordinary black and white moving pictures, and is followed on tho film by a tmceosuion of further scones similarly composed each of its oorreoijonding plurality of color elements showing slight variations in movement of the scenes, so that tho effeot of continuous movement and animation is produced, as is common in the art. jiforo specifically, my invention comprises a film upon which a suooession of scenes have been photographed, as is oommon in the moving picture art, except that they have been pro¬ duced at such a great (rate of' speed that a succession of three scenes, in oaBe it is desired to break up tho Beene into its three fundamental colors, may be superimposed one upon the other without perceptible change in outline. This series of views is then considered as one view to be decomposed into its various color elements. After the ^positive? film has been prepared, it is so treated that all the portions of each scene, except those representing the elements of that Beene which are of tho color which it is desired thaUscene sho.uld show, are rendered opaque. This may be done in various ways, as for example, by painting \ out the portions of the film which it is desired to render, opaque, with-a dark pigment. In the preferred embodiment of my invention, a shutter carrying sections of transparent glass, or other material, of various colors, as green, red and blue, 1b provided, and caused to rotate in front of the display opening, oontinuously , while the film is fed pa3t the same point intermittently, the feed of the film being so adjusted that that part of a scone which should be Bhown for ex¬ ample in green, is exhibited in front of the display (2) v.'inctow during the time in which the green glace or other transparent material of the shutter is passing before the same. The opaque portion of the shutter then cuts off the imentarily while the film is being fed forward example those element! v/hich should be shown in red, is displayed at the display window while at the sumo time the transparent red portion of the shutter iB pas (sing across the window. After thiB, the opaque portion of the shutter again outs off while the film is being fed forward another step to display the blue portion of the aoene under the blue glass of the shutter* By this means the source of light behind the film shines through the elements of a scene which Bhould be exhibited in green and elements of the picture elements their proper relation to each other in tlie picture, are produced on t3io retina of the behold¬ er's eye in such rapid succession that all persist in the i directed to the accompanying drawings, s specification, and embodying one form of my invention, and in which Fig. 1 represents a detail view of a section of the fi^'mj the shutter, and part of the feed mechanism in section;. i Fig. 2 represents a side elevation of the projecting machine, partly in section, and Fig. 3 represents the image of the combined picture produced by the projection of three partial elements in (3) colors upon the Referring to Pig. 2, which represents convention¬ ally the usual proj ecting machine, the film 3. is fed from the supply roll 2 through idlers 3., between sprocket 4 and filler j>, spring-pressed into contact with sprocket 4, ;to:- form the loop The film then passes between idlera £ and Is fed on^to take-up roll 8. £ represents the shutter and i6 is the lantern box in which is the source of light. It will be understood, that the above is given merely for the purpose of lucidity and that the invention noulcl be embodied in any other form of projecting apparatus as well. Referring to Pig. 1, the film 1_ is provided with rows of perforations 11 as iefehown and is fed by means of sprockets or feed-wheels la. engaging these perforations, us is usual. The power is derived from the crank-shaft 15 . gear 14 upon the orank shaft 13. meshing with pinion on stud l6, Goar 17, also on stud 16 meshes with pinion 18, on intermediate shaft 19 . 20 on shaft 1£ and 21 on feed shaft 22, represent the intermittent feed which may be of any usual construction, as for example, the well-known Geneva stop mechanism. Bovol gear 23., on shaft 1£ meshoB with bevel-gear 24 on shaft 2$, which carries the shutter £ and provides a continuous rotation for the latter. The shutter is provided with portions, 2o, 2£, and 28, of transparent glass, or other material, of different oolors. Between these transparent portions of the shutter, are opaque portions 2£ and £0 and £1. In the scene represented as thrown upon the screen in Pig. 3, the house £2 1b shown, for example, in red, against a background of blue sky, £5, and green lawn, 34. On the film, in one section thereof the portion of the scene to be exhibited in green, that is to say, the lawn, £4 (4) ;V v/as loft untouched, while the remainder of the section i vms pal Mod out, or otherwise rondorod opaque, as shown I at j3j>. in tho following section of the film, part of the i scene to he displayed in reel, namely, the house, JJ2, was loft transparent, while the renaindor of the scene was ! . rendered opaque and in the following section of the film, { the blue sky 3jp war. left vrhilo the remainder of the section : was rendered opaque. The following sections of the film in the ease of a motion picture, would he similarly treated. In operation tho film is 30 adjusted in the machine that the part of the scene which should ho dis¬ played in green, as for example, the green lawn in the foreground in the picture shown in Pig. 3, is caused to appear at the display opening 3jj_ Just as the section 26 of the shutter composed of green glass, is passing before the window 22.. This image is displayed throughout the transit of section 26 across the window 3J3 and immediately upon the cutting off of the view by opaque member 29 of the shutter, the film is fed forwardly in the direction of the arrow, 00 that the succeeding section, showing the house 32:, appears at the display opening Just as transparent section ■2V of the shutter which is red, begins to cross the dis¬ play opening. Similarly, after this view has been cut off, section VL showing the shy, appears at the display opening of the screen. »s in the viBion •of t.he beholder as is shown in Pig. 3, and aro produoed with such rapidity that the images of the first two seotionr shown, persist in the vision of the beholder while the third section is being exhibited., thus creating the illusion of a complete picture of a red house, against a back-ground of blue sky and green lawn. To produce (5) and is exhibited through the blue. . glass £8 These three elemental images ni i trjj Wteai tills effect successfully, the apparatus should he operated at a considerable f-Pixte-of speed. It is of course understood that the invention is equally applicable to the projection of isolated views, having no motion or of views showing objects in jnotion. It is ovident also, what in the example given in the drawings, the transparent sections of the shutter might have been any colors and might have been as well two or four or of another number other than three, although, of course, it is evident that if the number of viewG into which a picture is divided, in made too groat, the speed with which the pictures would have to be taken in order to obtain vievis with practically no movement between the same for the different color elements and also the exhibiting of the same In the maoh-ine in order that the law of persistence of vision 'might be complied with, would be too great to be practicable. In the example shown, the b.bj ecftsnaro each shown in the solid color belonging to ono transparent section of the shutter. It is, however , of course apparent that combinations of color may be formed on the retina of the beholder by the superposition of images of different colors upon the retina within the time limit allowed by the phenomenon of per- listence of vision. For example, red and blue lights 'mingled, produce# purple; red and green produce yellow; blue and yellow produce a pale pink, etc. Accordingly, with a shutter carrying transparent sections of green, red 'and blue, it would be possible to show a yellow object, r example, or yellow elements of the picture, by leaving the parts of the picture which should produce the yellow efiji l tiie eye of the beholder, transparent in the sections of film which should be exhibited under the green and red sections of the shutter successively. For considerations (6) such aa these, it is apparent that it IS preferable to use for the shutter three transparent sections of those colors whioh as lights mingle together to produce white. It is apparent that it is possible, by my invention, to produce complete images of scenes in a great variety of shadeB and colors, by rendering opaque all those portions of the film in every section thereof which should not transmit the light of the color appropriate to that section and that by making the transparent portions of the film quite Bmall, a show¬ ing of objectB in many changing colors may be secured. With the apparatus shown in the drawings, the shutter is rotated one-third of a revolution for each successive for¬ ward feed of the film, one oomplete revolution of the shut¬ ter accompanying a forward feed of three pictures or sections of the film, which, however, produce only one complete picture in colors, equivalent to the usual instantaneous Beene in black and white which accompanies the rotation of a shutter in the usual practice of the moving picture art. It is apparent that the design of the Bhutter and the mechanical details of the apparatus disclosed in the drawings may be changed considerably without departing from the spirit of my invention. It 1b also evident that within the spirit of my invention it is not absolutely essential that a shutter be provided oarrying transparent showt sections of different colored glaBS or similar material, aa/ since any means might be employed to cause the transmission of light of the desired color through a transparent portion of the film at the proper time. Any means by whioh the light is, with a proper periodicity broken up into the desired oolors, will be within the Bcope of my invention. (7) Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure hy Letters Patent is as follows picture- exhibiting apparatus, a film carrying aSseri\s of transparent portions having the out¬ line of partB of\a scene, all of the parts of the series together representing v the whole scene, and means for projecting in succession images of said transparent portion's, at such a rate that the images first pro¬ jected will persist in\the vision to 'form with those last projected, an linage^ of the complete scene, sub¬ stantially aB described. \ j 2. In a picture ^exhibiting apparatus, a film composed of transparent portions and opaque portions, a serieB of transparent portion\ representing one complete scene, and meanB for projectingyimages of Baid transparent portions in succession with uuohWifgnment and at Buch a rate that the effect of the compete scene will be pro¬ duced upon the eye, substantially sta described. 3. In a picture pro j ectingy apparatus, a film partly transparent and\ partly opaque, h Bource of light, arjd meanB for aligning said transparent portions with respect to said source of light and advancing than past the same at such a rate that a single complete imagV will be formed | the eye as the resultant of the exposureVf a series of said transparent portions, substantially as described. 4. In a picture projecting apparatu^ a film partly transparent and partly opaque, a source 0^ light, and meanB for periodically breaking up the same info various colors, and means for aligning said transparent portions with respect to said source of light, and them past the same, the alignment being so timed that\saoh said transparent portion is. exposed simultaneously with1 (8,) a ohange in the oolofvof the light, andthe advance being at such a rate that a Bangle complete image of a scone in natural colors will he forited on the eye, as the resultant of the exposure of a series of' said transparent portions, substantially as described. / ■)». In a picture projecting apparatus, a film uCdhjt comprising,, opaque portions and transparent portions, rep¬ resenting scenes to be projected, each scene being represent^ ed by a plurality of transparent portions, ouch of whioh represents that portion of the scene of a certain color, said transparent portions appearing on suooesBive sections of the film, a source of light and means for periodically breaking up the same into various colors, and meanB for •al-lgsteg^aid transparent portions with respect to said source of light, and advancing them pa3t the same, the ^bgameft*- being so timed «that eacV transparent portion is exposed simultaneously with a change in the color of the light, and tho advance being at such a rate that a single complete image of a scene in natural colors will be formed on the eye, as the resultant of the exposure of a series of said transparent portions, substantially as described. -7 In a picture projecting apparatus, a film carrying representations of scenes, each scene being disintegrated into its parts of one color eaoh and each such part being carried by a successive section of the film.^a* souroe of light, means for periodically breaking up the same into various colors, and means for feeding said film past said source of light, so timed with respect to said first named means that eaoh part of a scene will bo exhibited in its proper color, and at such a rate that all the com¬ ponents of eaoh scene blend in the vision of the beholder to form the complete scenes in their proper colorB, (9) substantially as described. 7. In a picture projecting apparatus, a film carrying representations of parts of a scene and means for projecting imagesXof the same in succession through media of different colors^ with such alignment and at such a rate that the resultant affect upon the eye will be the image of the complete scen^in its natural colors, substantially 1 picture projecting apparatus, a film . oarrying reprosentatioi ipsion of scenes rep¬ resenting objects in motiora each soeno being disintegrated into its portions, composed \noh of a different color and means for projecting images oaths' sajLd portions of scenes in succession through media of Vifforbnt colors, each the color appropriate to the portion\of a scene exhib fted1 therethrough, with suoh alignment Void such a rate that the resultant effect upon the eye will be a succession of imageB of the complete scenes in the\r natural colors, substantially as described. \ 9. In' a picture projecting apparatus, a film carrying representations of parts of seethes, a source of light, a frame provided with a display opening, a shutter provided with transparent portions of differant oolors and opaque portions, means for rotating said shuwter continuous* ly and means for feeding said film intermltton\ly, said rotating means and said'.feeding means being so \imed that a part of a soene will he, displayed through oaidopening, fc* through a transparent portion of said shutter of appropriate color and said film will he fed at suoh a rate thatvthe images of all the parts of a qcene will blend on the\ retina of the eye to fora a complete image of the whole (10) 1 scene in natural or desired colors, substantially as described. /■ lo, Jn a picture projecting apparatus, a film comprising a plurality of successive sections, devoted to the portrayal of ofae scene,; each of said sections being transparent or translucent as to those elements of the surface thereof corresponding to one elemental color in the scene portrayed, meansNfor bringing said sections opposite a fixed point and means Vor projecting light through the same and through a coloring medium appropriate to each successively and with suohVapidity that a resulting composite image of the wholeVcene in itB proper odors will appear on the retina of t^e beholder's eye, sub¬ stantially as described. H NUL. In a picture projecting apparatus, a film comprising a plurality, of suo.cessivflk sections, devoted to the portrayal of one scene, each of s%id sections being transparent or translucent as to thoseVlements of the surface thereof corresponding to one elemental odor in the scene portrayed, and opaque aB to all\>ther elements of the surface thereof, substantially as described , 12. \ , i shutter in a picture projecting appara" provided with a plurality of transparent portiol different odors and opaque portions between the^ranBparentl portions, a continuous film composed of transparen\ portions representing parts of scenes, and opaque portions, iflpans for advancing said film paBt a window, a source of l\^ght behind said window, and means for advancing said sKutti past said window, both said advancing means being so timW that a transparent portion of the ififei iB exhibited oppose (11) said window at the ^ame time that a transparent portion of the shutter of appropriate color is advanced across the Bam substantially as described. '*/% (12) ®f jis specification signeb anb toitneSSeb tfjis /d ^tinp of 190 / _ $L $ 2 $tfCA' y^,c 0atb. g>tate of i?etu JferSep Count? of CSSex thoua.8 AiiVA BDisoH, , tfic abobe nameb petitioner, being bulp Stoorn, beposes anb Saps tfjat be is a citizen of tfjc ®niteb States, anb a reSibent of Llewollyn Parle, Orange, in the County of Essex and in the State of Hew Jersey; tfjat fje berilp beliebes fjimSelf to be tfje original, first anb Sole inbentor of tfje improbements in COLORED PIC TUBE EXHIBIT1HG APPARATUS beScribeb anb claimeb in tfje annexeb Specification; tfjat fje boes not fmoto anb boes not beliebe tfjat tfje Same bias eber fenoton or useb before fjis inbention or biscoberp tfjereof; or patenteb or beScribeb in anp printeb publication in tfje flUniteb States of America or anp foreign countrp before fjis inbention or biscoberp tfjereof, or more tfjan ttoo pears prior to tfjis application; or patenteb in anp countrp foreign to tfje tHniteb States on an application fileb more tfjan ttoelbe montfjs prior to tfjis application; or in public use or on Sale in tfje tHniteb States for more tfjan ttoo pears prior to tfjis application; anb tfjat no application for patent upon Saib inbention fjas been fileb bp fjitn or fjis legal representatibes or assigns in anp foreign countrp. &toorn to anb SubScribeb before me tfjis bap of 190 f :arp public. [g>eal] »— sm. M. ' Paper No . 1_ . DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D, C., Thomas A, Edison, C/o Prank L. Dyur, Orange, jST..7. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application, Colored Picture Exhibiting Apparatus, filed Aug. 13, 1908, Serial This case has been examined. It ;ira thought that the word "aligned", haa boon used in the specification and claims in place of registered. ‘The latter in suggested as moro aoourate, The statement contained in lines 8 to 8, of page e, is ques¬ tioned. A natural color picture of a scene containing rod, blue, and groan' cou3,el not bo made with a two oolor screen, The claims are rejected upon any of the following patents: U.3,\sfc46,47V ward: 13, 1900, Leo et al. (88— 1G ) ; U.S,rj$5 76,532, June 18, 1901, Davidson: (same class): u,s.^#690>766, Sep. 28, 1897, Korandj (83 — 18) (17); British)/#249, jan. 3, 1902, Vaughan; (88—17), The applicant's film as set forth in the olaims is precisely what is obtained in the well known throe-oolor process of cdlor photography, whioh is set forth as applied to moving plcturq, madhines in the patents cited, W. Examiner i IN TIES UNITED STATICS PATENT 0PFICE Thomas A. Edison ) COLORED PICTURE EXHIBITING ) APPARATUS : ) Piled August 13, 1908 : Serial No. 448,292 : Room No. 312 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS, In response to rejection of October 9, 1908, please amend the above entitled case as follows: ^ Page 1 of the Specification, line 14, cancel "aligned" and substitute - registered - . Line 22, canoel "align themselves" and substitute - register - . / Page 3, line 18, cancel "aligned" and sub¬ stitute - registered - . v Page 5, seventh line from the bottom, canoel "align themselves" and substitute - register - . S Cancel Claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and * Claim 5, line 2, insert - solidly - before "opaque". Line 9, cancel "aligning" and substitute - registering - , Line 11, cancel "alignment" and sub¬ stitute - registration - . — - - Claim 6, _ line 4, after "film" insert -/"and represented by a transparent or translucent portion of the film of the outline of the desired part, all the re¬ mainder of the Beotion being solidly opaque - . (1) <' Renumber Claims Jj and 6 aB 1 and 2, and insert the following as Claim ?: i/ 3. in a xjioture projecting apparatus, a film carrying representations of scenes, each scene being disintegrated into its parts of one color each and each such part being carried by a successive seotion of the film and represented by a transparent or translucent portion of the film of the outline of the desired part, all the remainder of the section being solidly opaque, substantially as desoribed. REMARKS As to the Examiner's criticism of the statement contained in lines 5 to 8, page 6, it may he said that the remarkB there, as stated, apply only to the example given in the drawings, that is, a picture in which the natural colors are not blended to produoe all the Bhades possible in nature, but merely a picture composed of several integral portions of different colors. The claims are thought allowable over the references and reconsideration and allowance are requested. All the references disclose the idea of taking the original pictures through revolving colored screens, and thereafter exhibiting the positives through the same oolors. This ; is thought to he a mere theoretical soheme which is im- j practical, and in the present state of the art, inopera- i tive. It is not possible to take an instantaneous picture \ with the requisite speed through red glass, for instance. Applicant' b method is to take a serieB of ordinary black (2) and Y/hite motion pictures and then block out solidly all J the portions of each scone other than those of the desired] color. For example, in the case of the picture of a man 1 wearing a green neoktio, a blue shirt and a whito collar, the portion of the film representing the whito collar would bo loft transparent in all sections. In the sec¬ tion designed to appear under the green glass of the screen, all portions of the screen except the collar and the neoktio would be blocked out. in the section intend¬ ed to appear under the blue glass, all portions would be blocked out except the shirt and the collar. in the section intended to be shoym under the red glass, all portions would, be blocked out except the face and the collar. Thus, integral or complete portions of desired colors are left transparent or translucent, all the remainder being rendered solidly opaque. By this means a practicable method is designed, the necessary apparatus for which is now adequately claimed and distinguished from the references. Even if it were possible to properly take the negatives through the various colors as contem¬ plated by the references, it would not be possible to solidly blook out the portions which should be opaque and the powerful light of the arc would shine through the whole film to such an extent as to prevent the proper illusion. Respectfully submitted. THOMAS A. EDISOH Orange, New .TerBey October 7th, 1909. His Attorney 8—260. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, ! . United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, d. c„ y0v. 25 2909, Thomas A. Edison, c/o Prank I. Dyer* Orange, ITew Jersey, I L-JSS''' *” 1 Please find below n. communication from the EXAMINER in cliarfie'of yourrapplicalimij Colored Picture Exhibiting Apparatus’, filed Aug, 15, 1908, Serial #448,292. Commissioner of Patents. Case reconsidered in connection With amendment of Oot' 8, 1009. the reference numeral 14 should he 'added to Pig. 1 of the drawings, Tho claims ore rejected on the references of record, in view of y/ - Crivolus (British), #10,695, Kav^, 1901} (38—16). Referring' to Dee et al., #645,477 it will "be noted that the - •( patentee takes pictures alternately through red, green, and j blue Boreona and than "projeots the pictures thus obtained through a similar shutter. It is held that & film produoed by a | machine of this typo will have aeries of pictures thereupon, each1, soene being disintegrated into parts of one color, each repre- j sente d by transparent portions, all the remainder of the soene being opaque. For instance, if a picture is taken through the red screen of tho shutter only those rays of light which are re lated to the red portion of the spectrum will paes through. :■,> Consequently only those portions of the obj eot which ai*e in red or having colors pertaining to red will be allowed to pass through upon the sensitised surface of the film thus only those portions will appear on the fixed film as transparent portions, and the remaining of the picture corresponding to the portions of. the objegt tfhioh were green or blue will appear on the film as opaque or nearly opaque. In the lee structure It is probable ') that setae light would passthrough the portions of the film j which ar supposedly opaque, it is held however, that in view of the fact that it ia old to tint films by hand, that there would be no invention in re-touohing the film, such as produoed by the T-.ee apparatus to make the opaque portions of the film solidly opaque. The patent to Orivolus shows that it is old to pro.j eet pictures from a black and white film through alterna¬ ting red and blue oolor screens. It is admitted that in the Orivolus patent tf&sX tho pictures are projected through oolor soreena for a different purpose. However, if the observer lays aside his rad and blue glasses he would see a picture on the screen whioh would bs''4nfe. (k« &czr~~ j£ Ci1~J £**-«* Ill IH'^ ~ . ..._ . ____, . ’...... f&t) ufle _ i/I v».. .«!*■ -Sjt". IdL. j?(- 'Ski'/st^c i i i i Kv^ -vT£ &J>Z?Vyy L tfitfktuwti _ 0;vS.. jX**-&"l*r. j£* ,_. .v^.vw-.it'. _ _ L )i; .^.. . ullvv t^.v>nv.c.drr> rr.c-,^C 1 jcT7^ • v. 1*4?L*a - .uXtt^ . ULjsl ' *** f- f . S-«>: «V^.^3N5*!^Sfl cj (v i^xbh^&rdL ..'jP'Jl****.. „C$L&_ j'3* ^ ^.Jt..?y^±¥:.t^-| . LvvV {/fc ^.^....^prl ccfrli, te? --.-.cMu^Ct - QiMS^et CC ^ r. ,6v(A^.€^.. . UAV i'/.c,<-5te^. . fec3^~ ciXQvt! — (.a (Tvs 1(uk cc/ r|<, Ttw_ <£Vr. &-%i m u litJZk e_ eu&Qo_,s~ JL. d./^ 3aJl/ ,._Vi* «-o?udC pi2 ~dr Ztb--Jr(>£. hc?U*. TStfc UrJ^tr^l Ul^J LLh-u ~fc dt~". _ &Jk££L -.3tif»!*!> ... sS^Siemib .... O^eu^J^XA^ . Hamo* ~ g fxW^ -ttT VuMxmjl^ o-ejt^J^ (QjrjL-t^, & - t— [/ ttcj/. £.erw^^ .Jd^OW»-.£^. Uj-/<-| ‘- c-g— <«‘-(§>-^/>j _ cXt-JU-'fK en'-^tAAi- _ _ _ _ _ i-v. U'O'wV'A. ■p>l_C'T5> C-<-e-t^v-« . -A-V 7| i5^^AJ^^eO?^| . CtlJlJl_ (x'ct-'Q, . UJft.^ ^r^C.Lc^oL\jW'2. (JxA- . 6-U-LBu^rf ^ i _ _ §ic ■&_-(& jb^fr-t-»j£tf) ^-2. fxjuewQ^ o. ^7^ _ j _ di>^-(L-&-Px,J lx> g<_|Q fo-lJU!Z.t-.Ct££L. ^/^-Lw.. LLtaJlA^t J r i _ ^UxlJw^ I . _ Q^. &A> LLAA~h _ j£u^}Ws._^t (Lq^JSX. cA^-\^\c^a .... j Ld~ u^(rfcjL-» ! Y _ _ ^rSt- _ _ _ -j ■\. _ Lcrd** ,*>-<*> <*|&A . . . _^j \AJ~oJZjL* L _ . . V.fuv iiKm I & ...*rV.V . C^^V^£-:CL .jSS^d. . L^ - - <5^-*-.^-^ - «^'-S- A_.,-^.--^ fTSU-tirj^ _ - , j - . -:~ ®o tfje Commissioner of patents: §?our Petitioner thohas a. edisoh a citizen of tije tlniteb States!, reSibing attb fjabing a Post ©ffice abbress at Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Essex and State of Hew Jersey; praps tfjat letters patent map be granteb to fjim for tije implements in PHONOGRAPH RECORDS Set fort!) in tije annexeb Specification ; anb Ije Ijerebp appoints Jfranfc %. ©per (Registration i?o. 560), of ©range, J2etu Sfersep, !jis attornep, tuitij full potoer of substitution anb rebocation, to prosecute tfjis application, to mabe alterations anb amenbments tfjerein, to receibe tije patent, anb to transact all business in tije Patent ©ffice connecteb tfjeretoitfj. - SPECIFICATION TO Alt WHOM IT KAY CONCERN} BE IT KNOWN, that I, THOMAS ALVA EDISON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Llewellyi, Park, Orange, County of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented oertain new and useful improvements in PHONOGRAPH RECORDS, of which the following is a desoriptioi The wax-like compositions now in common use for making phonograph records, such, for example, as that described in Patent No. 782,375, granted to Jonas W. Ayls- worth, have qualities which make them epeoially adapted for this purpose. Such materials can ho readily molded, give an acourate copy of the surface of the mold or matrix, and after being molded can be reamed out and trimmed off . and otherwise worked with great facility. Phonograph reoords can be made from these materials at low cost, with simple machinery and by very cheap labor. It is a faot, however, that reoords made from these wax-like compositions and made as is now the common praotioe, with substantially one hundred record grooves to the inch, after being sub¬ jected to a large number of reproductions on the phonograpl , show Bigns of wear and the character of the reproduction obtained therefrom is not so good as at first. Obviously, suoh records would be more rapidly worn if a narrower record groove and a reproducing stylus of correspondingly deoreased size are made use of. As it is desirable to in¬ crease the amount of record on the surface, it is neoessary that such surface should be hardened. It is desirable, I I therefore, that a record he made v/hioh will have a harder and tougher wearing surface and which will at the same time retain the good moldahle and workable qualities of the records made from the wax-like compositions now used. The object of my invention is to provide a record of the sort just described, made from wax or wax-like com¬ position, or other easily molded material, and having a hardened wearing surface. In the practice of my inven¬ tion I preferably take a duplicate or original phonograph record, which has been made in any of the usual ways from the usual wax-like composition, and immerse it in a solu¬ tion of nitrated cotton in any of the ordinary solvents used for this purpose, as for example, acetate of amyl, which is commonly made use of for providing a liquid so¬ lution from which films Eire made for photographic use. I may, if desired, add a small percentage of camphor to the nitrated cotton, thus making a celluloid collodion solution, but this may bo dispensed with. I place the record upon a dipping mandrel having adjustable extension ends at each end of the reoord. It is then immorsed in the solution while hold vertically; it is then withdrawn and subjected to a gentle breeze from a fan - to slightly affect or harden the surface; it is then immersed a second time and subjected to the air. If the solution is rather thick, two suoh dips will give a suffic¬ ient thickness of film over the record when the latter is dried. Sometimes it is best to make the solution thinner when three or more dips will be necessary. After the dips, the mandrel is transferred to a machine whioh rotates it in a horizontal position until nearly free from solvent, when 2. it may be taken off the mandrel and set aside until the whole of the solvent has evaporated, leaving a very hard tough film on the surface of the reoord. It is a remark¬ able fact, and entirely unexpected, that although the average depth of the indentations on a reoord is only half of one thousandth, of an inch and the greatest depth one thousandth: of an inch, yet, if the thickness of the film of the nitro-oellulose when dry is three thousandths of an inch, a perfect replica of the record underneath 1b pro¬ duced on th" surface of the cellulose above, even to the finest detail, and what is more strange is that the depth of the wave is so little affected that the loss in the volume of sound is soaroely notioeable. Very deep reoordB can be made and the reproducing balls can be pressed with sufficient force against the oellulose as to cause it to follow the reoord without injury to it, which would be im¬ possible if the ball was forced against the reoord surface below. Thus, the volume and quality of tho sound can be increased, and the sound reoord oan be used indefinitely without noticeable deterioration, Othor f ilm producing liquids my be used in place of the nitro-oellulose and its solvents, such as acetyl-oellu- loBe in aoetio acid. If the aoetyl-cellulose is used in its uaua^L solvent - ohloroform - the solvent will generally attack wax, and therefore the original record should be ™ad«» of material which is not appreciably dissolved by the solvent of the film material, Water soluble film producing sub¬ stances oan he used, such as silicate of soda, but in this case the surface of the reoord should be capable of being wet evenly, as for instance, by immersing the wax reoord in weak alcohol and rapidly drying . This destroys the shiny -3- appearance of the'surface of the reoord without hurting the record itBelf. Upon immerBion in silicate of soda, it will adhere evenly , and upon drying will give a hard film. Thif can he made harder hy immerBion in chloride of oalcium to formhy double decomposition, oalcium silioate. The sili¬ cate film is not so desirable as the oelluloBe film, not having toughness to withstand hard usage, although very desirable in view of the cheapness of the material. The adhesion of the film to the record is very great as it is shrunk under great tension, and notwithstanding long use of the reproducing ball, it persists in its adhe¬ sion to the contour of the sound record. The thickness of the film may be governed by regulating the strength of the solution, a very dilute solution producing a thin film, bb will be understood, and a stronger solution a thicker film. The film must obviously not be thick enough to interfere with the volume of sound produced by the reoord. It is evident that for cheapening the film, it may be adulterated with various cheaper materials soluble in the solvent and which do not diminish the strength beyond the desirable point. - 7n -,nJ ■ tate of JSeto jJTecSep Count? of CSSex TitoiiAs a. edi bon , tfje aliobe nameb petitioner, being bulp stoorn, beposes anb Saps tfjat fje is a citizen of tfje tHniteb states, anb a resibent Of Llewellyn Park, Orange, County of Ebbsx and State of New Jersey} that i}t berilp beliebes fjimSelf to be tfje original, first anb Sole inbentor of tfje improbements in phonograph records bescribeb anb tlaimeb in the annexeb Specification; that Ije boes not bnob) anb boes not beliebe that tfje same boas eber fenobm or useb before fjis inbention or biscober? tljereof; or patenteb or bescribeb in anp printeb publication in tfje tHniteb states of America or anp foreign countrp before W inbention or biscoberp tljereof, or more tfjan ttoo pears prior to tfjis application; or patenteb in anp countrp foreign to tfje ©niteb States on an application fileb more ttjan ttoelbe months prior to tfjis application; or in public use or on sale in tfje {Hniteb States for more than ttoo pears prior to this application; anb tljat no application for patent upon saib inbention fjaS been fileb bp bint or fjis legal DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C„ - . October 28,1908. ThomaB A, EdiBon, Care prank L, Dyer, Orange, New jersey . Please find below a communication from the EXAttlHER in charge of your application, for Phonograph Records .filed October 14 ,1908, serial number rejected in view of Adaras-Randall ' b (181-2). See especially page 9, lineal, 2 and 3 of said patent . If applicant prosecute thiB case further, he is requir¬ ed to file a drawing of the article claimed, with the elements constituting the reoord properly indicated by reference characters. IN Tins UHITED STATES PATENT OPPICE Thomas A. Edison PHONOGRAPH RECORDS Piled Ootoher 14, 1908 Serial No. 457,592 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS j SIR: j In response to rejection of Ootoher 28, 1908, please amend the above entitled case as follows: Cancel the claims and substitute the following: 1. A phonograph record of sttdM.**hl«— n Jn-iow 1 Irecord^raa*ei=fcal having vertical sound undulations on theA surface thereof coated with an extremely thin tough hard film upon the surface of which is produced a replica of ^the record underneath, substantially as set forth. OU'OsH- / 2. A phonograph record of aui4.utoTe-iiittL4piFSl, having I vertical sound undulations on the* surface thereof, coated with a nitro-cellulose film, upon the surface of which is produced a replica of the record underneath, substantially as set forth. REMARKS Applicant will file a drawing of the article claimed, as requested by the Examiner, before the next Office action. ) ) ) Room No. 379* ) ) ) (1) I Reconsideration and allowance of the claims as now drawn are respectfully requested. The English patent to Adams-Randall discloses broadly the idea of protecting a sound record hy covering the same with a thin layer. The following points should, however, be noted: The patentee applies a layer of plumbago to the surface of the wax or other record material. This is evidently for I I i the purpose of making the same electro-oonductive in order that metal may be deposited thereon electrolytically. The thin metallic varnish which the patentee refers to in line 2, page 9 of his patent, was apparently intended to be an electro-deposition like the layer of copper. It is impossible to get a thin electrolytic layer to form proper¬ ly on a non-conducting record surface suoh as applicant's. Another distinction to be pointed out is that the record described by the patentee is one having lateral sound un¬ dulations. in such a case, it is not important whether or not the record groove is partially filled with the varnish or other protecting material. In the case of applicant's record, however, the undulations are vertical, and the same being on such a microscopio Beale, the fact that a record may be made with a protective film covering i the same and having a perfect replica of the record under¬ neath on the surface of the film without noticeably af¬ fecting the depth of the wave, is quite remarkable and novel. Applicant discovered that this oould be done with I certain substances by operating in the proper manner, and the record here claimed is the embodiment of thiB dis¬ covery. Respectfully submitted. Orange, New Jersey THOMAS A. EDISON October 27th, 1909. By _ His Attorney 'is£c.ro°°m — 2,79 J.K.P.-S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. United States Patent Office, Paper N0....3 < II ummuotoitlon. rapt'ctlng Vhl.^ WASHINGTON, O. C„ Nov. 9,1909. Thomas A. Edison, Care Frank T.>. Dyer, I Orange, New Jersey . IMOV }) I M AILED. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. for Phonograph Records, filed October 14 ,1908, serial number 457,592 . ' f followB; In lines 1 and 2, claim 1, change "suitable non-conducting record material" to - wax - ; and in line 4, same claim, before " film" insert - organio ~ . in line 1, claim 2, change "suitable material" to - wax - . REMARKS None of the references of record discloses a wax record having vertical sound undulations on the surface thereof and coated with a thin tough organio film bearing a replica of the record underneath. Adams- Randall employs for his surface coating a metallic varnish, a material which would produoe a rough surface unsuited for efficient reproduction, Berliner makeB no reference I to the particular type of varnish applied to the record. Furthermore, the patents to Adams-Randall and Berliner disclose records having lateral undulations, whereas the olaims in thiB application Bpeoify that the record has "vertloal sound undulations . 11 Although tho flow to the bottom of the grooves of a record of the first named type of the material forming the protective coating would not necessarily modify the shape of the sides of the grooves, so as to destroy the record, the use of the same material might cause such a flow to the bottom of the depressions of a record having vertical undulations as to practically destroy the efficient sound reproducing qualities of the latter. ^discovery of a method whereby a record having vertical undulations may be covered with a protective coat¬ ing of qrganic material with the result that the depth of the grooves will not be noticeably affected is not suggested by any of the patents of record. The patents to Connolly, Bdison and Wurth of reoord specify metallic protective ooatingjand are accordingly thought not to suggest the applicant's inven¬ tion. The patents to Capps and Reynard do not disclose a phonograph record of wax having vertical undulations on the surface thereof and provided with a protective coating bearing a replica of the reoord underneath. Reconsideration and allowance are accordingly respectfully requested. Respectfully submitted, Orange, Hew Jersey, November 1911. THOMAS A. -EDISON, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON Boo. (5,1911 . Tliomus A. 35 disc ii, Care prank B. Dyer, Orange, How Jersey . Plcanc find heloxo a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. for I’honogruph Rooords, filed October 14, 1900, serial numb or This action in responsive to the amendment filed Hov, 10,1911; Both of the oluiras are -rej ected upon the references and for tho reasons of record. It is hold not a patentable limitation that applicant has specified wax rather than any other well : known record material as the basic material of his records Moreover, both of the claims are rejected as met in terms by the product produced by the dipping of Reynard's matrix; See .-page 2, lines 67 to 61 inclusive; ' a- vi It is believed that applicant is in error in saying that f Adoms-Randall * s reoord is laterally out; The disclosure of the •f ^sound box is clearly of the hill and dale type; Attention is Y ^ also directed to Hoyt, Aug; 14,19o6, #8&8?604j (181-16); IE I'lffi UEriED . ITAl’KLS J.’ATJCHT OFFICE. THOMAS A. BDISOI? , ) PHONOGRAPH RECORPfJ, ); .Ho urn Ifo. 379 . Filed October 14, 1900, ) Serial Ho. 457,692. ) HONORABLE OOlE'il.srJIOiER OF FATBITSS , SIR: In response to Office action of December 6, 1911, plouse amend the abovo ontitlod case uo follows; In lino 2, claims 1 and 2 after "the" insert - outer - . g E II ARKS She claims are thought not to be anticipated by the references of locord and reconsideration and allow¬ ance ore accordingly respectfully requested. It is submitted that the use of wax as tho basic material of applicant's record is of importance, this material having molding properties superior to those of tho other Well known sound record compositions and thereby producing a more accurate sound record than the last named materials. Referring to tho Examiner's state¬ ment that both of tho claims wero met in terms by tho pro due ; producod by the dipping of Reynard's matrix, it is pointed out that the record undulations of tho said product are form¬ ed an tho bore or interior thcroof and could, therefore, not be conveniently reproduced. The claims have, howover, boon amended to diff orontiato from this product by specify¬ ing that the sound undulations are on the "outer" surface of the record. Reynard's record is furthermore not provided with a base of wax containing sound undulations, as spocifie L 1 in both the claims, anil tho curfuoing mutoriul apooifiefl by him Is not nitre cellulose, &a specif io.l in claim h, but "celluloid" . which is a mixture of nitro colluiouc and camphor. Considering the othor patents of record, nono of these patents discloees a wax record having vortical sound undulations on tho surface thoreof und coated with a thin organic film bearing a replica of the rooord underneath. As stotod in the romarku accompanying tho last amendment .Berliner. makoa no reference to the particulcr typo of varnish applied to the record, nor dooa he use a base of wax, and Adains-Kuridiill employs a motallio varnish, a material which would produce a rough surface unsuitod for efficient reproduction, i'urthermoro , both Admna- Iiundall and Berliner disclose rocords having lateral undulations, whereas the claims specify "vortical sound undulations". The patent to Hoyt, newly cited by tho Examiner, does not disclose a record made of tho material specified in tho claims nor does it in any -way indicato whether the rooord undulations aro vortical or lateral. In connection with theso references, attention is again directod to the remarks at tho top of pego Z of the last amendment. With reference to the Examiner's statonent in the last paragraph of the last Office action ro the Adams-Hundall disclosure, it is pointed out that Adams- Handall distinctly states that tho special rooord tablet described by him is intended for use with tho form of recording apparatus disolosed in I'ig. 4£5, v/hioh apparatus produces latoral rooord undulations. (Bee lith and 6th Z purajj-rii -,ha , pi'Cjo t3 of Aflt liaiiAall. ypen-lfiotition ) Ketipotitfullj/ smbmltteil , lyOiJA.W. KDI i’OII , By xP, Xkt^est-r, hi a Attorney. Orango, How Jerooy, Novombor 1912. •-23"" J.H.V.~Sut,. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON Deo Thomas A. Edison, Care v.ranlc T-. Dyer, nrunfifl, ITevi Jersey D.S. PATENT OFFICE, DEC 9 1912 MAILED. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. #457, ,592, filed Oot. 14,1000, for Phonograph Accords , This aei’ion is responsive to the amendment filed ?Tov. 16, 1912 . Applicant la holievod to he correct in his contention that, the disclosure in Adam o-P and all referred to of record, is in relation to a laterally cut groove. But for rousons of record ,it is held patent ably immaterial towhioh type of record groove the coating is applied. Both claims are roj noted upon the references and for the reasons of record . Applicant's attention is directed to the decisions on appeal to the Board of Examiner 1 o-in-Chiof in applicant's prior applications serial numbers 421,804, 421,806 and 421,88?, as further explanatory of the grounds of rejection. As a clear issue seems to have been reached between appll- _cant__ and ..this office-thc prosecuting nf ...thin mine Is nlnned In accordance with the ruling in ox parte Killer, 159, O.tt.,730. ' Folio No.. 430.: Applicant. Serial No..^L^.......... Address. Title.. Filed ...fc&Zt Examiner’s Room No. . . Ass’g’t ExecA^J^/£J.6.Recorded:..J)^^ . f£D_ Patent No . £f..6,.A7Jl. Issued^^^...^..Z~.T..C FRANK L. DYER, Counsel, ORANGE, NEW JERSEY. / ( ' _ . _ _ ■ySn^' | . ojC-e. £- (rt — >^— »>-'fe^t-'C- Vfij ~ ^_.£> I * « r» -* r -■«" . i* c. --1 (^JS. £ CL. ■ i. i <=-^- • "' '. | l C'M-^>'ee uwtp ©d" |^e ■<5‘^-cx-^ CTew3-^«_Pv.ie u» ^c.Qj^f ')<=£. A - >-y- Co L.e^p-’ S2-^£5-0-gj t^-tryfc %*U\Z3 **"' IQ, q <-*^J? ^ - <2^ 0-v^sJL* I (ov«rU-p^. Uu v. e3-(L— >> OJVC*^ - 7U^ «’"' -fe. tr> i-*-*-^eLv_-Vvv2-^ -4-^7 CT_iudx_^ 0"V>- Cj" (Am, _ Lj2j2^ ^ 0 \rc,1Tx| •yt'-' W-^L* @~A-'''-^*~''^-'~ _.... _ 1. 1 4L~* [?*& ; J vkfc-f oouC&.c^s n- «r t"ot^ C^SUi* — ' "S L^I c <2. (*£<=-■* Cx>-<=r6 a-t!o^«v». « £X*j(L* - &&& &•». Cfcr^) /-oQ—S’Q Jl\ cS'ep-^ l?4n>‘^k - AL-^t c—e-Q, w t£ c, o S AtsS^'K.^^Cv >«=&* L-Oe^'f^’ ov; \ C*--» i~-£ " 4-<— ~(J< . tf^cM-j^ fcjUj _ - ' Patent No. .. Issued... ACTIONS. .2 3 5 .QtLcuuu ^~$^.u4uj±lL-. . 6 ..^^^.....^i^ . 'S' 8 --&£&} -?C/ 2. i. / 4V >-. 9 .. .. 10 . 1 1 . . . ; _ 12 13 14 . . . . - 15 . . .' . . . 17 18. 19 20 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 .. 26 .. 27 .. 28 .. 29 .. 30 .. . . FRANK L. DYER, Counsel, ORANGE, NEW JERSEY. CN‘->V lOluuy JL. t u-.fi c .fr . 1 V/pK/r i,s_ "j (^ Uur4X«. UN CUo-Uw, JJ.UV4. aic^rJt*. ^ CLU^U t.wv l\/-f Ptfc^n U«4^^»^X. flf -f ?f ' r‘":j^ ■ - - 'Sj -u r- ’ rjJCWST'' 0 *.%■ <-f '^tftYXJV r_Gv ~f I ... C-C^'P - ^ J ..CG — ^- ^1 . Sx- CXh - ■=)/»- ^ ^ t, 03/ 4r N *~L -jC •&^b~cr^'~£^ X **■ r r •Jt, O o -Q-»tJt~ CXJL*. • - - v^? cvfLl? ^ JLw-^L-ce.. v— , f, t^' J o4u«^ ~~j ^ 4*4~r+^$ Lo.TCX^^e-^ ^^cJkr ' cjU, “t dr •— — - fLc*v™<- ■ (W- 4- tVofcA «*. aU-J . l-r-^-v - -'•il-c- : Hon. Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir:- Enclosed please find check for fifteen dollars, ($15.00) filing fee, together with specification in the application of Thomas A. Edison, WATER PROOFING MATERIAL FOR CONCRETE. Yours very truly, jmc/mh General Counsel, Jetttton. ®o tfje Commissioner of patents: jc~- n ' :M >L" j’tC, £our Petitioner thohas a. Edison a citijen of tfje ©niteb States, resibing anb ijabing a Post CDfficc abbress at Llewellyn Park, West Orange, Oounty of Essex and State of Hew Jersey. praps tfjat letters patent map be granteb to Ijim for tfje improvements in V/ATEHPUOOPIHG EATj'KIAL ?OR COHO RE TE Set fortfj in tfje annexeb specification; anb fje fjerebp appoints jfranfe H. ©per (Registration Mo. 560), of ©range, jSeU) Jersep, bis attornep, toitij full potoer of substitution anb rebocation, to prosecute tips application, to make alterations anb amenbments therein, to receibe tfje patent, anb to transact all business in tfje Patent ©ffice connecteb tfjerebu'tlj. SPECIFICATION TO ALL WHOM IT KAY CONCERN: KB IT KNOWN that I, THOMAS A. EDISON, a citizen of the United StateB, and a resident of Llewellyn Park, WoBt Orange, County of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful improvement in WATERPROOF¬ ING MATERIAL FOR CONCRETE, of which the following is a description: | j ^ie object of this invention is to produce a trans¬ parent flexible material for waterproofing concrete, Portland oement and similar substances. The invention is carried out by dissolving pure Boearate of alumina in hot petroleum benzine or other suit- able solvent, and coating the concrete or other structure to be waterproofed therewith?/ The solvent used evaporates, leaving a thin transparent film of' stearate of alumina on I the surface of the concrete, ana also on the surfaces of the pores of the structure for a considerable distance inwarej f 1 om the Burface. This film so formed has a negative cap- , illarity.j; and prevents the penetration of the substances by water. The film also is permanent, not being affected by oxygen or other gases in the atmosphere. It does not tend to disintegrate the oonorete surfaces, and being trans¬ parent, furthermore, it preserves the natural color of the concrete. Stearate of alumina, when dissolved isbenzine, as described, is a very oolloidal substance, and the cover- ' ing power of even a small quantity is,enormous. The minimum quantity of the ^stearate of alumina juBed is two ounces to one gallon of petroleum benzine. The (1) amount of stearate of alumina may be increased, but if the solution becomes very viBcous, a snail quantity of turpentine or acetate of amyl may be added to increase the solvent power of the benzine for the stearate of alumina, whereby ^ a greater quantity of the latter may be held in solution, j Having now described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is as follows t | -petroleum- -benz i-ne-for- the— s-tearate -of— alumina, sub st ant i ally as described*. 1. As a -netfvarticlo of manufacture, a waterproofing material comprising "stearate of alumina and a suitable solvent, substantially asXdescribed. 2. As anew artiole of manufacture, a waterproofing material comprising^- stearate of alumina and petroleum benzine, substantially as described. a -tveWar-t-iole-off-mt / .. material^ comprising stearate of alumina, petroleum benzine Io.rvfiiior4a8-ing- the-so lv-ent- -power-of--the 4. As a new- article of manufacture, a material for waterproofing conorete, etoV^compri sing stearate of alumina, substantially as described. 4r. The method of making a waterproofing material which consists in dissolving 3tearate of\lumina in hot petroleum benzine", substantially as dascribeclv b. The method of making a waterproofing material whioh consists in dissolving ^teara^ of alumina ip hot petroleum benzine and adding a -e«b«4a»ae-^^^^iKPeasing— the. (2) jj^^mtna, - substantially as described, || The proceBB of waterproofing concrete which consists in applying a thin transparent film ofV 'stearate of j alumina to the BurfaoeB of the pores of the concrete for a | considerable distance inward from the surfaces of the jj concrete, substantially as described. A-'.. ••• ' • - ' ©atb. g>tate of i^eto 3ferSep ) Count? of (Essex j thojms a. Edison , tfjc abobe narneb petitioner, being bulp Stoorn, bcposcs anb gaps; tfjat Ije is a citizen of tfje ©niteb States, anb a vesibcnt of Llewellyn Park, West Orange, County of Essex, State of New Jersey tfjat fje berilp beliebeS fjimself to be tfje original, first anb sole inbentor of tfje improbements in WATERPROOFING MATERIAL FOR CONCRETE beScribeb anb claimeb in tfje annexeb Specification; tfjat fje boes not fmoto anb boes not beliebe tfjat tfje same toas eber fenobm or useb before fjis inbention or biscoberp tfjereof ; or patenteb or beScribeb in an? printeb publication in tfje Uniteb States of America or an? foreign countrp before fjis inbention or biscober? tfjereof, or more tfjan ttoo pears prior to tfjis application; or patenteb in an? countrp foreign to tfje Uniteb States on an application fileb more tfjan ttoelbe montfjs prior to tfjis application ; or in public use or on Sale in tfje IHniteb States for more tfjan ttoo pears prior to tfjis application ; anb tfjat no application for patent upon saib inbention fjas been fileb bp fjim or {jig legal Jlotarp public. */ Oj cfu- r 7 t}**. \ r 4/C t -3SZJ: •ff( c ®wtLjw^ , **- eC-XL c-* — • 4~ TCL. V v '■ * CX-Caw O-^ecUi, «d(& ai^- C&Jl I! Ill Tins UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ThomaB A. Edison ) ) WATERPROOFING MATERIAL ) FOR CONCRETE ) ) Filed November 2?, 1908 ) ) Serial No. 465,94? ) HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS: SIR: The applicant desires to add the following as a preliminary amendment to the above entitled case: The applicant finds that through inadvertence it was not stated that the acid stearate is the salt with which the best results are attained. Applicant therefore desires to claim the use of the stearate of alumina generically, and the acid stearate of alumina specifically. Please amend as follows: Page 1 of the Specification, line 13, after "there¬ with." insert - The best results are attained by the use of the acid stearate of alumina, and I use the acid stearate in preference to the normal - . Same page, fifth lino from the bottom, change "is" before "benzine" to - in - . Please add the following claims: - 8. As a new article of manufacture, a waterproofing material comprising acid stearate of alumina and a suitable solvent, substantially as described. 9, As a new article of manufacture, a waterproofing (1) material comprising acid stearate of alumina and petroleum benzikie, substantially as described. 10. As a new article of manufacture, a waterproofing) material comprising acid stearate of alumina, petroleum benzine and a subBtance for increasing the solvent power of the petroleum benzine for the acid stearate of alumina, substantially, as described. 11. As 'a new article of manufacture, a material for waterproofing concrete, etc. comprising acid stearate of alumina, substantially as described. 12. The method of making a waterproofing material which consists in dissolving acid stearate of alumina in hot petroleum benzine, ^substantially as described. 13. The method of -.making a waterproof ing material which consists in dissolving acid stearate of alumina in hot petroleum benzine and adciing a substance for increasing the solvent power of the petroleum benzine for the acid stearate of alumina, substantially aB described. 14. The process of waterproofing concrete which consists in applying a thin transparent film of acid \ stearate of alumina to the surfaces t^f the poreB of the oonorete for a considerable distance inward from the sur¬ faces of the concrete, substantially as\describod. 15. As a now article 'of manufactures, a waterproof¬ ing material comprising an ackd salt of alumina and a suitable solvent, substantially as describec\- Respectfully submitted. THOMAS A. EDISON Orange, New Jersey By , 1908 December His Attorney DIv.31- — Room.„„169 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, .'WASHINGTON, 0. C Thoms A. Edison* O/o 3runk I>. byar , Orange., 31. .T. in charge, of your application, Please find below a communication from the E Mo. 463,943, Waterproofing Material for Conorote, filei Woverabor ,23, 1900. Commissioner of Patents. , also claims 8-10, should be lew natter not contained in filter in The amendment of Duoetuber 3, cancelled, because constituting i the original specification. , Clains 1-4 should be drawn to a composition of i place of a new article of manufacture. Olivine 8 wild C are rejected because describing one of the ingredients by its function., Ola in 'I is rejected aft non-paten table being drawn to the obvious use of the composition. If it were a proper process claim of waterproofing, division would be required between it and the other claims. There ttjip ears to be nothing patentable in the ease over Wharton ^Bri tilth) 16,829 of. .1901 (134-13) and claims 1, 2, 4 and 5 are roj acted thereon.... Claims 8-10 are rejected as being based on new matter. Attention 1b alinr'directed to Mitchell, t/3^', 813,| Ootobor 6, 1880, Bastot, l/3oy041r April 12, 1887, Thornton faxix!. , 604,688, July 31, 1900, (134-11 Turner (BritiahJ^f^WlTof 1898 (134-26 ) t (A~ Mol lines ( Brlti Bhr"259 of 1006 (134-26). J #.-£■ Ill THE TOUTED STATES PATENT OPPICE Thomas A. Edison WATERPROOFING MATERIAL POR CONCRETE Piled November 23, 1908 Serial No. 463,94-5 Room No. 169 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS SIR: In response to rejection of December 15, 1908, please amend this case as follows: v' Page 1 of the specification, cancel the amend¬ ment after "therewith" lind 13> made December 3» 1908. v' Cancel Claims 1, 2, 4, 5, 8 to 15 inclusive. 1/ Claim 3, line 1, Substitute - A3 a composition of matter - for "As a new article of manufacture". t/ Lines 3 and 4, cancel "substance for increasing the solvent power of the petroleum benzine for the stearate of alum¬ ina" and substitute - thinning agent - . Renumber this claim as 1. v Claim 6, lines 3,4 and 5, cancel "substance for increasing the solvent power of the petroleum benzine for the stearate of alumina", and substitute - thinning agent - . ^Renumber this claim as 2 and renumber Claim 7 as 5. (1) REMARKS | Reconsideration find allowance of the claims as amended are respectfully requested. The Examiner's ob- | jection of new matter as to certain claims has hoen met by cancelling the came, and various other claims rejected have also been cancelled. Claim 1, drawn to a new com¬ position of mattor, and Claim 2, drawn to a method for making the seme, are not met in the references. No reference discloses th9 ingredient of a thinning agent in combination with the other ingredients, nor the method of making a waterproofing material in y/hich stearate of alumina is dissolved in hot benzine and the thinning agent for the composition added. The term “thinning agent" is thought to he a generic term describing an ingredient of the kind disclosed in the specif ioation and having the property of thinning the composition or increasing the solvent power of the benzine for the stearate of alumina. This is a perfectly proper way to claim an Ingredient, just as it is proper to claim broadly means for performing a certain function in a claim for • a mechanism. Claim 5, previously 7 1b also thought to be patentable. None of the references disclose a process for waterproofing concrete. It ie thought not to be obvious that the process of waterproofing textile materials and the like described in some of the references would be equally applicable to concrete. The situation 1b en¬ tirely different, and applicant has discovered, that the composition invented by him may be applied to concrete (2) in such manner that, the solvent evaporating, a thin transparent film of the stearate of alumina is left, not only on the surface of tho concrete, hut also penetrating the pores of the structure for a considerable distance in¬ ward from the surface, this film so formed having a negative capillarity, and thereby preventing the pene¬ tration of the substance by water. It would likewise seem that that is an integral invention with that claimed in the other claims, and division should not be required. Respectfully submitted. stomas a.edisoh b yJtzLzigzdt Attorney^ Attorney^ Orange, XT, J. December 15th, 1909, AS Paper No _ 4 _ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, Thomas A. Edison, Washington, d. c„ b, 1910. c/o Frank L. Dyer, a o Orange, N. J. Please find below a communication from the EXABIHER in charge of your application. for WATERPROOFING WATER I AIi FOR CONCRETE, #48 3,943. This oase considered as amended Deo. 14, 1909. The claims are rejeotpt( on the reference, Wharton, of re¬ cord, aigp Dowrey, #89,055, Apr. 20, 186 9 (134 - .39) which shows the precipitation of an alum soap vhioh is either otoar- ato oleate or pulmitate of aluminum, and the solution of thia in different solvents or a mixture of them which inoludea the appli¬ cant's solvents for the same use as the applicant ' 3 composition. The heating to produoe solution is obvious and Immaterial - A-X, V V IK THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, THOMAS A. EDISON, YTATERPROOFING MATERIAL FOB CONCRETE. Filed November 33, 1908. Serial No. 463,943, ) ) ) ) ) Room No. 169. HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, s I R: In response to the Office action of January 8, 1910, please amend this case as follows: Cancel claim 3. Add the following claims: |l 3.,, , A composition of matter for waterproofing, consisting of; stearate of alumina dissolved in petroleum benzine and turpentine, substantially as described. 4. The method of making a waterproofing material which consists in dissolving stearate of alumina in hot petroleum benzine and adding turpentine, substantially as described. ' ' : REMARKS. Reconsideration of claims 1 and 2 is requested. These claims together v/ith new claims 3 and 4, are believed to bo patentable because none of the references show a oompoBition of matter made up of the three substances, namely, stearate of alumina, petroleum benzine, and turpentine, or other thinning agent; none of the references "l" ahov/ a method of making a waterproofing material by dissolving Btearate of alumina in hot petroleum benzine and adding turpentine, or other thinning agent. By the UBe of both petroleum benzine and turpentine, applicant secures the combined advantage of a cheap material such as benzine,, and a material of great solvent capacity, such as turpentine in making a v/aterproofing material. Reconsideration and allowance of the case as amended is requested. Respectfully submitted, THOMS A. EDIS01T His Attorney. Orange, Hew Jersey, December ^4 1910. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Thomas A. 'Edison, Washington Tan. 17, 1911. c/o Prank I. 'Dyer, Orange, N. P. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application . for WATERPROOFING MATERIAL FOR "ONCRETE, filed Not. 23, 1908, #403,943. This oase considered as amended Deo. 20, 1910. Lowrey shows both benzine and turpentine as solvents. Tha use of boti would be obvious and unpatentable. The claims are rejeoted. IN THE UNITED STATES. PATENT OFFICE Thomas A. Edison WATERPROOFING MATERIA! ... FOR CONCRETE Filed November 23, 1908 Serial No. 463,943 ) V: ) ) Room No. 169. HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS , SIR: ;,In response to the Offioe aotion of January 17, 1911, please amend the above entitled appli¬ cation as follows Rewrite Claim 1 As follows: - 1. As a new composition of matter, a waterproofing material comprising substantially pure stearate of alumina, petroleum benzine, and a thinning agent, substantially, as described. Claim 3, line 2., before "stearate" insert - substantially pure - . Add the following claims :- 5. The method f of making a waterproofing material, which oonsists in dissolving, substantially pure stearate of alumina in hot petroleum berizine, and adding a thinning agent, substantially as described. 6. The method of making a waterproofing material, whioh oonsists in dissolving substantially pure stearate of alumina in hot petroleum benzine, and adding turpentine, substantially as described. fl) REMARKS In the Lowrey patent there is no disclosure of the use of substantially pure. stearate of alumina, as is set forth in Claims .1, 3, .5 and 6, or that step of the prooess whioh oonBistB in dissolving stearate' of alumina ! in hot petroleum benzine and adding a thinning agent, as 1b set forth in Claims S, 4,; 5 and 6. The disolosure of the Lowrey patent is very indefinite, because the ingredi¬ ents used are not eet forth with sufficient definiteness, lowrey proposed to-.dissolve soap in water and then add any one of a number of substanoes possessing a saline quality, • such as any alums, sulphates or aoetates, either alone or in combination with any ohlorides. There are, of oourse, many different Trinds. of soaps, and there is no evidence that the soap used; by lowrey contained a stearate. lowrey | considered it to be 'immaterial whioh of the many salts mentioned he used. (Applioant .has discovered that the hast results for the purpose dasoribed are obtained by tho use of a substantially pure stearate of alumina . Further¬ more, a satisfactory proflnot could not be obtained by the of the uae of many/ substances' included under the general terms used by Lowrey to denote the ingredients he proposes to use. Lowrey' s patent does not disclose the use of a; substantially pure' stearate of alumina, and the gum pre¬ pared by his prooess Would certainly oontain other sub¬ stances . It is believed that Lowrey' s patent does not con¬ stitute an anticipation of applicant's invention, and that the claims are clearly patentable. Reconsideration and allowance are requested. : Respectfully submitted, THOMAS A. EDISON 308 AS Paper No-g. Thomas A. Edison, o/o Prank L. Byer, Orange , N . J, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON Fab. 28, 1912. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your~a pplication. for WATERPROOFING MATERIAL FOR #463,943. CONCRETE, filed Nov. 23, 1908, This case considered aB amended Jan. 15, 1912. The new claims 6 and 6 are substantially identioal with claims 2 and 4, respectively. Where a compound is designated by a definite ohemioal name, the substantially pure gcAotjuatinitt oompound is meant. Lowry, of record, shows the ubb of an aluminum soap, which must contain a mixture of the stearate, palmitate and oleate of aluminum and in view of the condition of the soap making industry at the time of the issue of Lowry's patent it would be most remarkable if the soap used did not oontain stearats. Furthermore, the term ■soap" applies to a pure stearate soap, and hence the "gum" of Lowry may be a pure stearate of aluminum, as pointed out in the office letter of Jan. 8, 1910. The use of a mixture of known solvents where no new function, exoept great cheapness is gained, is obvious and unpatentable. Heating to hasten solution is also a well known, obvious step in the production of solution. As a clear issue appears to have been reaohed, and appli¬ cant has made only immaterial amendments, the previous notion is re¬ peated and may be considered final, if applicant desires. A';oCc^/c /I ' * . „ £~ CL \ SQCco t^X. ^ 0-^.t<,r't,r, \ U^L-c-£a_ Sf/Tc^t a. £ cQ £&e-t;t//\{ t*l, . Sd-^&.JT- /JlUZbr* ff? /fa. fa. » '• /i.,;,, /» / ' _ o bfj* ^'<" ' 1 Ur olsLca^^-.. $w/y ~f C s~/^ ' £'* tt 9 '~ * £{j3 Co o4f. -eZfbzrT" -^CO^MrrZ / $*{<%! fantfouJ^ CfaV/ /fafafaf- : ~ 5" afccA QjG cf //y /U'ti ££' t (j (TX. Folio No. uo: Serial No.~i^f . Examiner’s Room No..J&^£v . 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J^, A a aUa^ C^yu^/zyiA-/i A^y Usyt^Z^ a^, dit^>^ - _ ^ furi^o^feijfl />~U>1+J cr^^ J9^*- Aw/ ^/Q £&<-&/ isuAr £Uz (Uy/ n~c&6w hrui a ^AhtLt&^^c. &V/&ZO&Z tate of JJeto JTcrjSep ] County of Cssex j thomas a. ed: son , tfjc abobe narneb petitioner, being buly stoorn, bepoSeS anb Says tfjat fje is a citizen of tfje Uniteb States, ailb a cesiibent Of Llewellyn Park, Y/est Orange, Essex County, New Jersey tfjat fje berily beliebes fjimSelf to be tfje original, first anb sole inbentor of tfje improbements in METHOD OS' TREATING MOLDS FOR CONCRETE beScribeb anb claimeb in tlje attnexeb specification; tfjat fje boes not fmotu anb boes not beliebe tfjat tfje same tuas eber bnobm or useb before fjis inbention or biscobery tfjereof; or patenteb or beScribeb in any printeb publication in tfje fHniteb States of America or any foreign country before fjis inbention or biscobery tfjereof, or more tfjan too years prior to tfjis application; or patenteb in any country foreign to tfje fHniteb States on an application fileb more tfjan ttoelbe months prior to tljis application; or in public use or on Sale in tfje fHniteb States for more tfjan too years prior to tfjis application; anb tfjat no application for patent upon Saib inbention fjas been fileb by fjim or fjis legal representatibes or assigns in any foreign country. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office. Thomas A. Edison, o/o Prank 1. Dyer, Orange, New Jersey. WASHINGTON, O. C., Pab. 9, 1909. )’Ua.w find htUam a. (iumin.unir.aUuH from the EXAMINER in charge nf Hour application, for METHOD OP TREATING’ MOLDS POR CONCRETE, filed Deo. 13, 1908, #46 7,156. This oase haa been examined. The olaims are rejeoted upj tadji^pa r Bartlett, #848,965, Apr. 2f . , 1907 ( 25 - 121). IN Tlffl UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Thomas A. Edison ) METHOD OF TREATING MOLDS ) FOR CONCRETE : Room No. 508 Filed December 12, 1908 : Serial No. 467,156 : HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS SIR: In response to rejection of February 9t 19°9, reconsideration and allowance of the claims in this application as they now stand are respectfully re¬ quested. The reference merely describes the formation of a mold of sheet metal, which is veneered or enamelled to give it a glossy appearance. The patentee did not contemplate the use of a cast iron mold or mold of other cast metal, and consequently did not have applicant's problem to faoe. The claims of this application are limited to a method of treating a cast iron mold and to a mold of oast iron so treated as an article of manu¬ facture. Applicant prepares a cast iron mold in the manner described to prevent the concrete of whioh the artiole to be molded is composed from flowing into under¬ cuts or obliquely directed crevices in the surfaoe of the cast iron mold and thus locking the oonorete to the mold. Applicant's invention renders possible the molding of (1) intricate relief work in a oast iron mold. It cannot be Baid that it would not involve invention in view of the reference to enamel the face of a cast iron mold, beoause the reference merely discloses the idea of enameling the face of a sheet metal mold, and sheet metal, from the nature of its manufacture, does not present underoutB or oblique crevices in its surfaoe. Hence, the patent cited doeB not convey the necessary information to a person who might wish to mold intricate relief work in a oast iron mold. Sinoe applicant lias met a new problem in a manner not suggested by the reference, it is thought that the claims contain patentable novelty. Respectfully submitted. THOMAS A. EDISON By n? • His Attorney Orange, H. J. February 7, 1910. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, .Thomas A. Edison, Washington, d. c.. ?9b. 28, 1910. o/o Erarik Ii. Dyer, Orange, N. J. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER %n-ohargcTof your application. for KETHOD 03? TREATING MOLDS 3T0R C< #46 7,166. fill® Dee. 12 , 1908, Responsive to letter filed Eeb. ?, 1910. In the referenoe, cited, steel is coated to make it smooth. That is considered a sufficient reference' for coating- cast iron with the same material and' for the same purpose. The claims are finally rejected upon the reference of record January 18, 1911, Mr. Dyer: 1 hand you herewith file of Mr. Edison's patent application, Serial No. 467,156, for Method of Treating Moulds for Concrete. All of the claims in the case, four in number, were finally rejected February 28, 1910 on the patent to Bartlett, No. 848,955. The application relates to a method of rendering the surface of cast iron moulds smooth, so that artistic relief work in concrete may be moulded with a smooth surface and with sharp and perfect outlines. The surface of an ordinary iron casting is rough and has in it numerous cavities, some of which penetrate the surface obliquely. The under-cut cavities are particularly objectionable because the concrete after setting is locked by them to the mould^and the surface of the moulded article is apt to be marred when the article is removed from the mould. Mr. Edison proposes to overcome this difficulty in the following manner: £i 'n^ /j&tn-'t-y ^jC j - ^L'-cJy Mk dn i&ijUzr 1*9 X ^ } £/>.&&%. Catt ct w\0jCu*-'cUr'Zj. i/i*3 &&i£y ■ ~jl«/ " Outg . i\.*\ c-Lia. o u*J.i >w ft l/Yyj o~b-& ^ <2*tx c*fio* c/ /t^y _ '^_C>*JoGun 7U c/j /7'u*d)d/<> 4~*> c-Ct*^ cx _ Folio No . . ' Serial No : . . . . 5. . n G- %-(jLi4.Liber..'0!'./Z.Z....Page.....Z.‘>:.. Patent No Issued....^:. . 8 .. . 9 1 0 25 1 1 m&atjMtyib 1 2 ...(Z.lu^,^l^.(L. . . . 27 1 3 . 11m,J±s.jjjv 28 1 4 29 1 5 . . L . ' . .. . L . 30 ACTIONS. 16 17 18.. 19.. 20 .. . 21 22 .. 23 ... 24 "V' A: f\ / W . #•--- / / FRANK L. DYER, Counsel, ORANGE, NEW JERSEY. 2- . UTVv/ ;G jj*rf . crr~j> . _ **- W #J tr l 0~e. d&ui _ zujf- _tWT ..Y^.Cu.^ 3o itr^ .fex^x. fk d(v &K. 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'JsVY pl£tst A / /wj (7W ollso-t^-c,^ 0^ (-[^ -ty,x £^\i_^.fi C^C3 AJ ^ r\‘l'KJLC^A^<- :£-c .c).fe l*-7~. P A ^■y^a^W'v' 5<=c^cP ©y/ c^cjrf eP- J 7lU-C^^2| ^sjC(j,UL^\ 1 /T^. JcOlMuP^ tty-' J 'PyitSt^P/i-r jji fL J A^Mf-c^-a ^_xsua!b-^- J ° * - - - n . . /.,/t~ a^> c£t^/±— A'U^ck 0 t^/A r -v£ /F+ M± c %«&*) /C t/.ys^ %<■{, py Z^&./c/j 7^s.p6y 2 I - -nrr+tt- v • ?s i)±i .S- ^77^ .sny *?£T /eh^^T* so /5to _2 a- J- _2zr ... ,/f- ^.'.r n Pcb. 20, 1909 Hon. Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. Sir: Enclosed please find check for #50.00, filing fees, together with specifications and two sheets of drawings in the appli¬ cations of Thomas A. Edison, IMPROVEMENTS IN PHONOGRAPHS and SOUND RECORDS. ''iolLo Kindly acknowledge receipt and oblige Yours respectfully, General Counsel. JMC/JS Enc, petition. ®o tfje Commissioner of patents : Dour petitionee thomas a. Edison a citijen of tfje ®niteb States!, resibing anb fjabing a Post ©ffice abbress at Llewellyn Park, West Orange, County of Essex, state of Hew .Teroey praps tfjat letters patent map be granteb to Jjim for tfje improbements in IMPROVEMENTS IN PHONOGRAPHS Set fortfj in tfje annexeb specification; anb Ije fjerebp appoints Jfranb TL. ©per (Registration i?o. 560), of ©range, J?eto SferSep, ijis attornep, tuitfj full potoer of substitution anb rebocation, to prosecute tljis application, to mafee alterations anb amenbtnents therein, to receibe tfje patent, anb to transact all business in tfje Patent ©ffice connecteb tfjeretoitfj. - SPECIFICATION - TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: BE IT KNOWN, that I, THOMAS A. EDISON, a citizen of the United .States and a reaident of Llewellyn Park, Orange, in the County of Beadle and State of Her/ Jersey, have made a oertain new and useful improvement in PHONOGRAPHS , of which the following is a description: My invention relates to various improvements in phonograph recorders and reproducers, my object being to provide a phonograph reoorder adapted to form a Bound record such as is fully disclosed and olaimed in my appll- cation filed on even date herewith and in which the record 'I groove is of approximately V-shaped cross-section and so relatively condensed that a much more extended reproduc¬ tion may be seoured from a cylinder of standard dimensions than is now possible., and also to provide a phonograph re¬ producer adapted to efficiently track the same. As phonograph records have been chiefly made in commercial praotice horetofore, a circular edged reoorder having a diameter of about .040 inoh is engaged with a rotating blank, so as to track very slightly below the surface, the surface speed of the blank being upwards of 90 feet per minute, and the recording spaces being only l/lOO of an inch in width. This produces the standard record having 100 threads per inoh. In my previous application Serial No. 350,646, filed January 3, 1907, I desoribe a sound reoord made with a circular edged 1. reoorder having a diameter of about one quarter that of the recorder which, as previously described, is used to make the 100 thread records. In the application JTo. 350,646 abovo referred to, the record is made on a record¬ ing machine having a feed screw v/hioh preferably has a pitoh of 200 threads to the inoh. Shis outs a record to a suitable depth in a space l/200 of an inoh wide instead of l/lOO of an inch, the improved record no made having, therefore, 200 threads to the inoh. In the case of both the standard 100 thread record and the improved 200 thread reoord made with a recorder as just described, the deepest depressions whioh oan be formed without overlapping upon the adjoining spaces are extremely shallow, being about 6/10,000 of an inch in depth. In the case of the 100 thread record, the width of the record groove is about sixteen times the maximum depth, and its walls are of suoh slight curvature tliat difficulty is experienced in tracking the record, unless the reproducer stylus iB mounted with great flexibility. In the case of the improved 200 thread reoord of application Serial Mo. 350,646, tho ratio of width to dopth above referred to is out in half, becom¬ ing approximately 8 to 1. In endeavoring to produoe a reoord having sub¬ stantially more than 200 threads per inoh, for example, 400 threads per inch with a oircular edged recording sty¬ lus, various difficulties present themselves one of whioh 1e the production of a cutter of sufficiently small size to cut such a narrow groove to a desirable depth, and further¬ more such a groove oven when produced does not make a practical reoord because the side walls are too thin or narrow to have the requisite strength needed in molding and reproducing. 2. According to the present invention 1 use a cut¬ ting stylus having straight inclined Bide edges, prefer¬ ably slightly rounded at the bottom or point. 1 am aware that V-Bhaped cutters have been uBed heretofore for the pro¬ duction of record grooves, but the angle between the cut¬ ting edges, so far as i am aware, has not been suoh as to produce a desirable record groove. 1 have determined the proper angle to be used in order to produce the best re¬ sults, particularly in a groove having 400 threads to the inch, which angle should be approximately 95 degrees be¬ tween the two cutting edges of the recorder, and the same between the sides of the record groove or 46-1/2 degrees between one of the cutting edges and the median line of the cutter, and the same between one of the sideB of the groove and a plane drawn perpendicular to the record surface parallel to the groove. When this angle is UBed, the point of the stylus is rounded on a curve whose di¬ ameter is .001 inch which is a suitable curve for records of suoh pitch. This angle may be varied slightly under differ¬ ing conditions while securing the advantages of the inven¬ tion, as for instance, when the diameter of curvature of the point of the stylus is changed, but 1 recommend the angle and ourvature above mentioned aB being those best suited for 400 thread records. In a groove produced by such a stylus and having 400 threads per inch, the ratio between the width of the groove and its maximum depth is approximately 2.5 to 1. Suoh a record groove has clearly defined Bide walls of sufficient strength to enable it when molded to be removed from the mold without injury to the Bide walls and to en- (5) able it to he tracked by a reproducer stylus. In order that the invention may be better under¬ stood, attention is directed to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification and in which - Figure 1 is a front elevation, greatly enlarged, of my improved recording stylus in the act of cutting a record; Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same; Figures 5 and 4 are respectively a side elevation and bottom plan view of the recording stylus mounted on a diaphragm; Figure 5 is a side elevation, greatly enlarged, of a portion of my improved reproducer stylus engaging the record groove; Figure 6 is an end view of the same; Figure 7 is a side elevation of the complete reproducer, and Figure 8 is a bottom plan view showing the sty¬ lus, stylus lever and portion of the floating weight. Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the recording stylus 1, which may be of sapphire or other suitable material, is a cylinder whose axis is normal to the record surface and whose lower end is formed as a cone 2, the apex of which is rounded on a spherical curve j? whose diameter may be .001 inch. The outting edges 4 are formed by removing ma¬ terial from the cone 2 on a ourve extending beyond or to the rear of the axis of said cone, as shown in Figure 2, The lines forming Baid edges are substantially straight lines and they are inclined toward each other at an angle (4) of approximately 93 degreos, that is, each cutting edge formB an angle of 46-1/2 degrees with tho axis of the recorder. Such a recorder will form the record groove of Figure 1, having side walla £, which are inclined toward the vertical at an angle of approximately 46-1/2 dogrees, and the bottom of which is rounded on a circlo who Be diameter ia .001 inch. The atylua 1 may be mounted in a socket 6 formed integral v/ith the holdor J. which is cemented to tho diaphragm 8, the latter being mounted in any approved manner aa iB well known in this art. A suitable reproducer stylus for tracking, the record groove £ ia shown in Figure 5« It is of sapphire or other suitable material and comprises a shank £, neck 10 and head 11, all circular in transverse section. The head 11 is formed with a bearing surfaco having conical walls 12 inclined toward each other at an angle of ap¬ proximately 93 degrees, or an angle of 46-1/2 degreeB to the perpendicular, and rounded at the plane of inter¬ section on a curve or circle whose diameter may be .001 inch. Thi3 styluB is secured in a socket formed in one end of tho Btylus lever 1£, the shank of the styluB extending transversely to the record groove. The styluB lever is pivoted at 14 to the lugs 1£ depending from the floating weight 16 v/hioh is universally pivoted to the body 1 2, in tho usual manner, the usual link 18 connect¬ ing the other end of tho stylus lever with the diaphragm. Having now described my invention, what 1 claim and deBire to secure by Letters Patent is as follows: (5) .*■ v, (o \. As a new)article of manufacture, a phono¬ graph recording Btyluulhaving ^cutting edges which are substantially straight lines inclined toward the perpen¬ dicular bi-aectorvo'f the record groove at an angle of approximately" 46- xfc. degrees, substantially as described. 2. A phonograph recording stylus whose cutting edges are substantially straight lines inclined toward the perpendicular bi-sector of the record groove at an angle of approximately 46-1/2 degrees and rounded at their point of intersection^, substantially as described. 5. A phonograph recording stylus whose cutting edges are substantially straight linos formed on a cone, the material of said cone being removed beyond its axis, substantially as described. 4. A phonograph recording stylu^v having a conoid}- al end, a portion of the cone being removed at the front of the stylus to form outting edges, said reoeBS extending beyond the axis of the oone, substantially as described. A phonograph reproducer stylus who Be bearing N(j. A phonograph reproducer BtyluB whose bearing surface is V-sliaped in a plane transverse to the record groove and circular in a plane parallel to the record groove, substantially aB described. I . A phonograph reproducer Btylus /whose bearing surfaoe is V-Bhaped. with a rounded apex in a plane trans¬ verse to the record groove and curved in a plane parallel (6) to the record groove, substantially as described. ri ' $. A phonograph reproducer stylus whose bearing surface is V-shaped with a rounded apex in a plane trans- \ verse to the reoord groove and circular in a plane par¬ allel to the record groove, substantially as described. ' _ \ $9. X phonograph reproducer stylus who no bearing surface is ^-shaped in a plane transverse to the reoord groove and curved in a piano parallel to the record groove, the extent of bearing surface of the stylus in the latter plaice being materially greater,, than in the former plane, substantially as described. \ A phonograph reproducer stylus whose bearing pea. i 1 m. surface is V-shaped in a plane transverse to the record groove and circular 'in a plane parallel to the reoord groove, the extent of. bearing surface of the stylus in -J \ the latter plane being\ materially greater^ than in the former, plane, substantially as described. aL;.^ (,-■! 'U/> y In a phonograph reproducer, a stylus lever, menns for supporting the said lever parallel to the reoord groovfe, a stylus carried by said lever with the shank thereof 'extending transversely to the,,'leve/, the . said stylus hard i head curved in a plane parallel to i , r. . , o. '****'£& the record groove andi V-shaped ;in-a~pIancr~trar)3vor Be i anq^v-snapea the record groove^ substantially- as-described. 7 "■fc 7 IS, In a phonograph reproducer, a stylus lever, means for supporting Vhe said lever parallel to the record groove, a styluX carried by said lever with the \ 7^>- . y m- :‘V (y,\ • p/\ ©atb. g>tate of Jleto JTcrfifcp ) - SS., Countp of €SSex ) Thomas a. edi son , tfjE abobe nameb petitioner, being bulp Stooru, bepoSeS anb Saps tfjat fjE is a citizen of tfje lElmteb states!, anb a reSibent Of Howellyn Park, West Orange, County of Essex, State of New Jersey tfjat fje berilp beliebe^ fjimself to be tfje original, first anb sole inbentor of tfje improbententS in 1 MPHO VEMEIIT S IN PHONOGRAPHS bescribeb anb claimeb in tfje annexeb Specification; tfjat fje boeS not ftnoto anb boeS not beliebe tfjat tfje Same toas eber Imobm or uSeb before fjis inbention or biscoberp tfjereof; or patenteb or bescribeb in anp printeb publication in tfje XHniteb States of America or anp foreign countrp before fjis inbention or biscoberp tfjereof, or more tfjan ttoo pears prior to tfjis application; or patenteb in anp countrp foreign to tfje Uniteb States on an application fileb more tfjan ttoelbe montfjS prior to tfjis application; or in public use or on Sale in tfje tHniteb states for more tfjan ttoo pears prior to tfjis application; anb tfjat no application for patent upon Saib inbention fjas been fileb bp fjint or fjis legal renresentatibes or aSSicmS in anp foreign countrp. pw.23-,.- Roorn._3.7S D'°'" 2-200. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. Thoruas A, Edison, rare Prank L. Dye*, Care Edison Laboratory. Orange, Now Jersey , March 19,1909. Please find below for Phonographs , filed Pebruary <1 o, s. nr**--? oPFfcu, MAR 19 1909 . MAILED. , imuni, cation from the EX Aft! HER' t>r7!frarse- nflJBVr application, 3, 19(&», serial number 479,687 . Commissioner of Patents. The examiner cannot see any patentable distinction between applicant's claimed decides and the devices in Von Wouver- man'i^ritish patent 1897, (181-2), or Boll^Tralnter #341, 214, May 4,1886, (181-5) or Jonetylrine 28, 1904, #763, 903, (181- 11)! Johnson , January 3,1905, #778, 97^, (131-li) , and the claims are rejeoted accordingly . (h ECEIVc-lJ ^ f MAR 20 1909 } V FRANK l. P7£B- y IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OPPICE Thomas A. Edison IMPROVEMENTS IN PHONOGRAPHS Piled February 2?, 1909 Serial Ho. 479.587 Room No. 579. HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS SIR: In response to rejection of March 19th, 1909, please amend this case as follows: "^Claim 1, line 2, after "stylus" insert - of proper size and adapted to cut a record groove having approximately 400 threads per inch and - . v Cancel Claims 2, 3 and 4 and insert the follow¬ ing as 2 and 3: <8aa t* C & a 3I> J ^ ^ ' X* As a new art i ole of manufacture, a phonograph reoording stylus having a conical' lower end,^a portion of the material of said cone ^bding removed from the front of the stylus t\f ormfa^-fhrward-f-aoejextending from the apex of the cone real^wardly of the axis thereof.,— to -f-orm- cutting edges, substantially as described. 3« Ab a new article of manufacture, a phonograph recording stylus having a conical lower end, the sides of said cone being inclined toward the axis thereof at an (1) angle of approximately 46-1/2 degreeB, the apex of said cone being slightly rounded in a plane transverse to the record groove, and the material of said cone being cut away from the front of said stylus to form a— forward-face extending from the apex of the cone axial-ly-er- rearwardly of the axis of the cone for a short distance above the apex, substantially as described. ^ Claim 5, line 5, after "groove" insert - the included angle between the sides of the V being approxi¬ mately 93 degrees - . l/ Claim 9> line 5> after "greater" insert - at all times - . \/ Claim 10, line 5, after “greater" insert - at all times - . y/ Claim 11, line 4, before "lever" insert - plane of the - . v/ Claim 12, line 4, before "lever" insert - plane of the - . Line 6, after "curved" insert - on the aro of a circle - . Renumber Claims 5 to 12 aB 4 to 11 inclusive. REMARKS Reconsideration and allowance of the claimB as amended are requested. Hone of the references shows a recording stylus having cutting edges which are straight lines inclined toward each other at the angle specified, or which are adapted to out a record groove having approxi¬ mately 400 threads per inch. The angle claimed was determined by a Beries of experiments and is apparently (2) necessary for the practical production of a record groove having 400 threads per inch. None of the references refers to the angle of inclination of the sides of the recorder and none of them diBcloseB a construction such as shown in the drawings. It is obvious that none of them had conceived applicant's invention, since none of on them had attempted to form a sound groove^anything like the microscopic Beale contemplated by applicant's inven¬ tion. Referring to new Claims 2 and ?, it may also be noted that none of the references discloses a recorder having conical cutting edges, the front faoes of the stylus being formed by cutting away the material of the cone from the apex of the cone in a plane axial of the cone or extending rearwardly of the axis of the cone from the apex thereof, or curved in such a manner that it 1b tangent to the axis of the oone or crosses the same a slight distance above the apex. In the construction of Von ffouwerraans, as shown in Figures 1 to 4 of his British patent, the cutting point is considerably to the rear of the axis of the cone, and fence, this point cannot be termed the apex of the cone. This patentee attempted to form a very peculiar type, of record and in doing so proposed to form a sharp cutting edge at the lower extremity of his Btylus and a scraping surface above the same. This necessitated a different structure from that claimed by applicant. Referring to Claims 4 to 11 inclusive, none of the references discloses a phonograph reproducer Btylus whose bearing surface is V-shaped in a plane transverse to the record and curved in a plane parallel to the (5) reoord groove. In Von Wouwermans' reproducer, the bearing surface 1b V-shaped in a plane parallel to the record and curved in a plane transverse thereto, just the opposite of applicant's construction. The construction of this patent could not possibly be used for an exceedingly fine record groove such as contemplated by applicant in which, because of the extreme narrowness of the groove, the sound waves are all much longer than they are wide. Neither could his stylus traok applicant's groove, since the latter is triangular in cross section, whereas, the patentee's is elliptical. None of the other references cited discloses a structure at all similar to applicant's, the only reproducer stylus shown being the well known conical steel needle used in reproducing from disc rec¬ ords. It is also to be noted that in Claims 10 and 11 a stylus is claimed having a shank extending transversely to the plane of the stylus lever and having a head which is curved on the aro of a circle in a plane parallel to the record groove and V-shaped in a plane transverse to the record groove, which is an entirely novel structure and one which is apparently necessary for practical reproduction from a sound groove of the character speci¬ fied. It should also be noted that in Von Wouwermans' reproducer construction, the bearing surface of the stylus in a plane parallel to the record groove cannot be materi¬ ally greater than the bearing surface transverse to the record groove, and oertainly not in the case of relatively long record grooves, since the maximum bearing surface in each instance is the diameter of the shank £ of hiB stylus. Respeotfully submitted. Orange, N. J. March / 11 , 1910. >UAS A ..EDISON By Attorney.// J.H.D.-S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C., April 2,1910, Thomas A. Sell a on, Care prank I„ Dyer, Orange, New jersey , APR 2 1910 M A i LED. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. for Phonographs , filed February 23,1909, serial number 479,687 , nAA y V Commissioner of Patents. This action is responsive to the amendment filed Ks.roh 19,1910. Page 1, line 10, the proper serial number should be inserted after "application". Clai m 1 is rejected upon Bruening, November 10,1891, "462,687, (181-6). The angle between the sides of Bruening’s recorder is apparently, from the disclosure in tho drawings, approximately 90 to 93 degrees and such a modification as to make the angle exactly 93 degrees is held tot to be within tho scope of patentable subject matter . The limitation of producing 400 threads par inch, is hold not to be a patentable limitation, O^aim 2 is rejected uponAiruening cited, in view of Edison, September 26,1906, #831,606, (181-3), see especially Figures 9, 10 and 13, or Oulton’s English patent, April 10,1894, #7080,, (181-10), It is held no invention to cut away a portion of Bruening* s recorder, in view of Edison and O^lton olted. Claim 3, as at present advised, is allowable , Claims 4 tc^9 inclusive are rejected up6n Thome. , et al. Fob. 22, 1910, #949^991, (181-10) J / Brown, July 17, 1900, #663, 664^0.81-0) , or BettinijAug. 13, 1889, #409,008, (181-10). #479,687 . 2. In all of these, especially Thorna, Figures 4, 6 and 7, the seotion transverse to the record groove is V-shaped and parallel to the record groove, is ciroular . Claims 10 and 11 are rejected upon the references last oited, in viev/ of Weber, #951,496, March 8,1910, (181-10), it being held no invention to Substitute such a reproducer as is shown especially in Thoma for the button head of Weber . IS THE UNIT!® STATES PATENT OFFICE, THOMAS A. EDISON, ) IMPROVEMENTS IN PHONOGRAPHS, ) Room No. 379. Filed February 23, 1909, ) Serial No. 479,587. ) HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, J, J4J In response to Office action of ReTwiary C3, 1900, please amend the above entitled case as follows: In line 10, page 1, before "filed" insert Serial No. 479,586 . In line 2, claim 2, before "a" second occurrence insert the apex of said cone being slightly rounded in a plane transverse to the reoord groove - . Cancel claims 5, 7, 8 and 9 and change the numerals of claims 6, 10 and 11 to 5, 6 and 7 respectively. In line 7, olaim 6, former claim 10, before "substantially" insert the angle included between the sides of the V being approximately 93° - , In line 8, claim 7, former claim 11, before "substantially" insert the angle inoluded between the sides of the V being approximately 93° - . Add the following as olaim 8; 8. As a new article of manufacture, a phono¬ graph recording stylus having a oonical lower end, the apex of said cone being slightly rounded in a plane transverse to the record groove, and the material of said oone being out away from the front of said otylus to form a forward face extending from the apex of the cone slightly to the rear of the axis of the cone for a short distance above the apex, substantially as described. K1HUK8. Reconsideration and allowance of the claims as amended are respectfully requested. The angle included between the cutting edges of Bruening's recorder as shown in Figure 7 of his patent of rocord is very much less than 90® and is apparently approximately 60°. An. inclination of substantially AX® appears to ho necessary for the production of records having substantially 400 thread e to the inch, this fact having been determined by a series of experiments. Furthermore, the recorder of Bruenlng io not specifically described in the specification and ms evidently not de¬ signed for the uee contemplated hy the applicant. Re¬ ferring to claims 3, 5 and P , none of the patents of record shows a stylus whose hearing surface is Y-sliaped with a rounded apex in a piano transverse to the record groove aiid curved in a piano parallel to the record groove. Thoms' s disc 15 is described in line 47, page 2, of his specification as having the form of a knife edge and not as having a rounded apex as specified by above named olaiuin, Row claim 6 contains as a limitation, a state¬ ment as to the manner in which the material of the oone is out away to form the forward face of the recording stylus. This feature is thought to be novel. «2' Attention is again directed to the remarks acco»m?anying the last amendment. Orange, Now Jersey, March 45^ 1911. Respectfully submitted, THOMAS A. HDISOIT, - gTi'THorney. / 1 56 a Jkurnton Road. , Balham, .6.7/ Pondon March ustn 1911 . Thomas Braf Esq . , Clei’kenwell Road , E.o. Dear sir, ns”/ record* )laW3 +,tlR hlsasnro to hand you herewith particulars of our Referring to records generally, I would say that there are three "outs'' known to the Talking machine world. The parallel cut which was made by the hraphone or Volta ho. in 1666. This cut was possibly anticipated, by Mr. Edison In his re tent 1644 of 76. However , the Volta cut was the "method" or the vibrations In a parallel track with the un¬ dulations at the bottom of the track. The fault of this track was that the reproducing point, got huddled on the side walls which set up an Interference and stopped the vibrations from passing molecularly or percuss liiply through Uhls point. In 1666 Mr. Edison Invented the IT. cut- which gives the Method at the bottom of the track as well as at the sides. This cut Is re¬ produced by means of a ball point. if a ball be not used then a point which must get down to the bottom of the record and at the sane tine cover the sides. This track is very shallow. In making this record on a disc It, has been found that when made very fine, there is a tendency of the cutters to overlap the track and cut Into the next, track so that in reproducing there is a tendency to echo. If the cutters be very fine and of less width than the track or pitch of thread, then as a rule there is no volume. In short it has been found that the finer the ir track the less is the volume. There is the third cut which is called the "Berliner" or Zlg Zag cut. This does not permit of a fine cut, because the. loss of volume 1s very great as the cut is made finer or the pitch of thread decreased. Further very loud records have very little life in this cut, because the walls being parallel, the to and fro motion of the cutting tool, cuts away the walls, so that nn reproduction these walls being weak, are soon broken down. we have invented a new out altogether and which has many advantages over anything that has been done before. It is a phono cut which WIT, I, 1-TOT PLAY WITH A SAPPHIRE. we have found that the actual part of a record which effects reproduction is that which causes either an up and down motion of the diaphragm or a to and fro motion in an iipright reproducer. we make our record with a v shaped tool and repro¬ duce" the record with a needle which is considerably finer:, than the V and our reproduction comes from the bottom of the track and not from the sides. This lessens scrape and noise and gives great volume and that, "grip" in t.hs reproduction which the public seem to look for. we have been over three ye are experimenting along the lines which have resulted in our present patents . we have patents in the following countries:- Kngland, franca, Uelglum, Cermany, Austria, tl.S.A. and we have rights under the con¬ vention to apply for patents in all other countries before the is of we have hah Counsels opinion on our patents and a search has been made in all countries for prior publication of our system and we haven't been able to find It. The effectiveness of our record is hue to the fact that it is reproduced with a tool which is of less width than the groove or track, and has a very find point,. The carman Patent Office, after a very full investigation, lasting some considerable time, granted our claims in full — even to the v cut as tnsv held no one else nad ever proposed to make a v cut. record and reproduce i’t. with' a sharp pointed stylus or needle. • The advantages of our record are that we can gat twice the time as on a Zig Z ag cut, record. We record at, fiO revolutions per minute so that, our record will play - on all Cramaphor.es and victor machines without the necessityof altering the Motor, as it, is now the case where, it, is desired to play Phono cut records — such as Paths., 1 Clarion, Asplr etc. — Thus our records are available to all users of Cramo phones, an-i In order t,o get into the market, we do not, have to create a demand for the records by the sale of machines as “athes nave had to do. T.n the manufacture of these records t.hetrack being of v. shape, the matrix .’.ones away from the "stock" quite easily, and as you will see by the samples sent fl-.ou leaves a bright and strong surface. In the gig Zag track records the tool, very often undercutting the track, there is a slight tearing away of the walls in places, which causes a roughness and corresponding unpleasantness in the reproduction. s been As regards the life of our record. On a Ziff Zag record the wear test in 50. This in the Standard of the Cramapftone Co. and the Columbia Manv ,,f the Continental Companies have no wear test? and their records break down in half a dozen reproductions and especial.lv in this the cane if a thick or loud needle be employed. with the record it will be found that, the wear test J~ Phenomenal Certainly it in far ahead of anyhhing that done u>» to the present. Naturally a good deal, depends stock hut I have found with ordinary records, that immediately you harden up or strengthen the stock, you introduce scrape You ««" make our record of steel and with the sharp needle point, yon i wil 1 : not increase scraps, therefore, T nee no reanon why our record should not. give a wear test, -finning into thousands. hov to play oun record. We prefer to nee a machine like t,he new model "Sonora" which is made by Paillard In Switzerland and la sold by the Sonora Co. In New York, or a Paths Machine. We do not use a sapphire so that, '.'must be removed from the box, and. If you will notice a modem Pathe box, you will see there is a place for a screw cap to cover the sapphire. We file off that screw part, and pass a drill down the hole which holds the sapphire capsule, so that the needle will go in easily. The needle should project, about, a quarter of an Inch or less but not much less I am sending you some records. I have tested them and they are AX and T think you win admit T. ought to know waht a good record is, if, therefore, you do not get good results, look t,o the reproducer. Of course, T take it you understand that the reproducer is used Phono fashion. Try and get a Pathe machine. for the Orainaphone or Victor machine we make an Adapter. This not only permits of the reversal of the Round Box but. brings the needle point dAMlAaewlthtthsoentre pin which is the correct position. . AS RE CARDS NEEDLES . We exact a fine needle. The Melba needle is a good needle and there are many find needles to be had. We have our needles made of silver steel and they are as hard again as the general run of needles sold here outside the (Vcamaohone Company. DOMT USE TOO THICK A NEEDLE AS WE ho NOT WANT IT TO TOUCH THE SIPES. Kindly note that it is not, desirable t.o drop the repno. or Sound Box down on the record in any position. You can do thi s with a cylinder because the Repro, has the sapphire suspended and is resilient but with the Round Box it comes down hard and brutal and is likely to hit the record i>n the top of a wall and so break it away. This is riot anvthtng in the way of special precaution with our records but it applies to all records which are played with a needle. Further we recommend that the needle should be run a few times on the hard material before it is run in the groove. This takes the burr off. Notice that our record can be played with the machine at an angle of 45 degrees. This can't be done with a Phono cut record and thus phono cut records are debarred from being used on board ship. The lest, word is that if you don't get. the best resUltd — even as you, with all your sense of quality know them — then look to the reproducing methods . X ail sending you 3 records and S Matrix of so that you can press a record in your own special material for trial. I am also sending an Adapter for use on victor machines. Yours faithfully, J. LEWIS YOUNO. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ti Thojnau & UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON April 15,1911 . A. Edison, ( Cars prank T., Dyer, 1 ,l/ ‘M Orange, Nev/ Jersey . , Edison Laboratory. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. #479, 587, filed Peb 23,1909, for Phonographs . This action ia responsive to the amendment filed Maroh 15,1911 . Claim 1 is rejected upon Bruening of record or Kevelvey, yany, 1,1896, 531,690, (181-10). Pruening's recorder may well include an angle of about 90 decrees. Kcvelveyis recorder is described as containing an angle of 90 degrees. Tt ia held patent ably immaterial whether the recorder include an angle of 90 or 93 decrees as it is believed the device will still be operative including the lesser angle . Claim 2 is rejected upon Von Wouwermann,Gerraan patent, 104,718, Aug. 23,1899, (181-10). The claim is also rejected upon Movelvey or Bruening, in view of Bell, et al., of record, Edison, June 26,1900, 652,457, (181-10), or Von VTouwermann oited- No invention o«n be found in outting a face upon the oone at or rear¬ ward of the axis as in Tainter or others cited. Claim 3, line 8 and 9, "aoially or rearwardly of the axis", is objectionable as alternative. ThiB claim is rejected upon ttory-elvey or -nruening, in view of VonWouwermann or Bell, et al. Claim 4 is rej*oted upon Thoma' of record, in view of Mc-r-olvey or pruening and the claim is also rejected upon ,r #479,507 . 2. VonV'ouwermann. Claim 5 is rejeoted upon Von V.'ouwermann , or Thoma, or Wbe r, in view of Mcyelvey or Bruenins. Claims 6 and 7 are rejected upon Kovelvey, Brueninp; or VonV/ouwermann in view of yreber. Wo invention can be found in conforming the head of "/oheris stylus to a /groove as would be out by the recorder of the other references cited . Claim 8 is rejected upon VOnWouwermann and also upon Movelvey or -nrueninn, in view of „dison or well . /V. tiJUs/ 'P>*4**i ■ ,0 ’ in THE UHITEE STATES PAT Eli T OFFICE. THOMAS A. EDISON, ) IMPROVEMENTS III PHOTOGRAPHS , ) „ Room Ho. 379. Filed February 23, 1909, ) Serial Ho. 479,587. ) HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, SIR: In response to Office action of April 15, 1911, please amend the above entitled case as follows: Rev/rite claims 1 and 2 as follows: I* As a n ew article of manufacture, a phonograph recording stylus having straight cutting edges inclined to each other ana extending upwardly and slightly rearwardly from the cutting extremity of the stylus, substantially a3 described. 2. As a new article of manufacture, a phonograph recording stylus whose cutting edges comprise two straight portions inclined to each other and a curved portion con¬ necting said straight portions, said cutting edges extending upwardly and slightly rearwardly from the cutting extremity of the stylus, substantially as described. In line 7, claim 3, change "a forward face" to - cutting edges - ; and in lino 8, same claim, cancel "axially or". Cancel Claim 4 and insert the following as new claim 4. 4. As a n ew article of manufacture, a phonograph recording stylus whose cutting edges comprise two straight portions inclined towards each other at an angle of 1 substantially 93° and the curved portion connecting said straight portions, said cutting edges extending upwardly and Blightly rearwardly from the cutting extremity of the stylus, substantially as describod. Bewrite claims 6 and 7 as follows: 6. !n a phonograph reproducer, a stylus lever, means for supporting said lever parallel to the record groove, a stylus carried by said lever with the shank thereof extending transversely to the plane of the lover, the said stylus having a head curved in a plane parallel to the record groove and provided with a bearing surface whose section in a plane transverse to the record groove ha:: the shape of the letter V provided with a rounded apex, the angle included between tho sides of the V being approx¬ imately 93°, substantially as described. 7. In a phonograph reproducer, a styluG lever, means for supporting the said lever parallel to the record groove, a stylus carried by said lever with the shank thereof extending transversely to the plane of the lever and parallel to the surface of the record, the said stylus having a head curved on the arc of a circle in a plane parallol to the record groove and provided with a bearing surface whose section in a plane transverse to the record groove haB the shape of the letter V provided with a rounded apex, substantially as described. The references of record have been carefully considered and the claims (except claim 5) have been revised to differentiate applicant’s invention therefrom. Claim 6 is thought to be allowable without revision. Eef erring to claims 1 to 4 inclusive, none of the references of record discloses a recording stylus having straight cutting edges inclined towards each other and extending upwardly and slightly rearwardly from ^the cutting extremity of the stylus. In the patent to HcKelvey, the edges of the stylus are inclined forwardly; and as a consequence, the tendency of this stylus would be to ride up out of the record material onto the surface thereof. In the structure of Bruening, the same defect exists. Neither of these patents shows a cutting edge having the curved cutting portion specified in claims 2, 3 and 4. In VonWouwermann, Bell, ot al. , Edison, 652,407,: there are no straight cutting edges'; nor does any of these patents disclose cutting edges extending upwardly and rear¬ wardly from the cutting extremity of the stylus. Eef erring to claims 5 to 7 inclusive, the patents to VonWouwermann and Weber do not disclose a stylus whose bearing surface is V-shaped in a plane transverse to the record groove. As pointed out in the specification (see last paragraph on page 2) a groove whose walls are curved transversely of the same, os is true of Yfcber’s and VonWouwermann' s groove, is impracticable for records having four hundred threads per inch; "because the side walls are too thin or narrow to have the requisite strength neoded in molding and reproducing." fhoma's reproducer and MoKolvoy and Bruoning's recorder are not provided with apexoa rounded transverse to the record groove; but have sharp or pointed record engaging portions which would wear away the record groove in a short time. rJ?ho applicant's reproducing Btylus appears to be essentially different from prior styluses, and it is thought that it could not be pro¬ duced by any modification of the structures disclosed in the references without the exorcise of invention. Reconsideration and allowance are accordingly rospoctfully requested. Respectfully submitted, Orange ,IIew Jersey, THOMAS A. EBIiJOH, March Hv, 1912. By <0 ^ his Attorney. ' v. --2.3. Room _ 379 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON April .74,1912. Thorns A. Edison, (.'are Shrink L. JJjrcr, Orange, Few Jersey . Care pidison Laboratory. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application . for Phonographs, filed -..eb. 23, 1909, serial number 479,507 . %&% This aotion is responsive to the amendment filed March 27, 1912. Claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 are specific to the recording stylus, v/hile claims 5,^6 and 7 are specific to the reproducing stylus. Applicant ls^entitled to claim more than one modification specifically in the snrao applic etion, see ex parte Eagle, C.B., 1870,136 and division is required according to the provisions of Rule 42. Claims 1 and 2 are rejected as displaying no invention over Bell, et al. , of record, see page 3, linos 67 to 71 inclu¬ sive. It is a well known expedient in all arts employing cutting tools to give the cutting edge a slight backward incline. This is true as well in the talking machine art as see White , June d 10, 1890, #429, 827^181-2), or Oerman patent to Godeoker,Muroh 28,1893, #67,5^4, (181-10); accordingly it is not soon that invention is displayed in cutting Bell'.s stylus slightly back of the axis. Por similar reasons claims 1 and 2 are also rejeoted on MoICelvey of reoord. Claims 3 and 4 are rejected upon the references" "and for the reasons above given. Invention is not found in making the single O.S. PATENT office, APR 2-4 1912 MAILED. #479,587- of the cone a quantity approximately old in tho art as in MoKelvey or Von Wouwermann of record. In MoKolvoy, tho angle ia 90 and o in Von Wouwermann, it io approximately 90 . Unless applicant can o show that some now result has been obtained by using 93 “ that was not obvious from the prior uso of 90 , it is believed that applicant is not entitled to a olaim whioh depends for its patents- bio limitation on tho selection of a specific angle. Claim 4 is objectionable as the cutting edges are not included positively. Claim 4, line 4, "the" should be a . Claim 5 is rejected upon Thoraa of record and also upon Weber of record in view of Von Wouwermann or Edison, #652, 457, of record, figure 7. It is not ooen that invention is involved in shaping Weber’s stylus to conform to the -given', record groove in view that, ntyli of approximately that angle are aho\m to be old. Claims 6 and 7 are rejected upon the references und for tho reasons of rejection of claim 5, in connection with the references and reasons of rejection of claim 1 . Claim 8 io rejected upon the references and for the reasons of rejection of olaim 1 . •'j, petition ®o tfjc Commissioner of Patents: §ouc petitionee thomas a. Edison a citizen of tfje flilniteb States, reSfoing anb fjabing a Posit ©fficc abbress at Llewellyn Park, West Orange, County of Essex, New Jersey praps! tljat letters! patent map be granteb to fjim for tfje improbements in SOUND RECORDS Set fort!) in tfje annexeb specification ; anb fje fjerebp appoints! jfranfe TL. ©per (Registration J2o. 560), of ©range, i?eln SferSep, fjisi attornep, toitfj full potoer of substitution anb rebocation, to prosecute tfjis application, to malte alterations anb atnenbments tfjerein, to receibe tfje patent, anb to transact all business in tfje Patent ©ffice connecteb tfjeretoitfj. - SPECIEIOATION - TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: BE IT KNOWN that I, THOMAS A. EDISON, a oitlaen of the United States, and a resident of Llewellyn Park, West Orange, County of Ebb ex and State of New Jersey, have made a certain new and useful invention in SOUND RECORDS, of which the following is a description: My invention relates to various improvements in sound reoords, and my object is to provide a sound record of superior quality and so relatively condensed that a muoh more extended reproduction may he secured from a cyl¬ inder of standard dimensions than is now possible. As phonograph records have been chiefly made in commercial practice heretofore, a ciroular edged recorder having a diameter of about .040 inch is engaged with a rotating blank, so as to track very slightly below the surfaoe, the surface speed of the blank being upwards of 90 feet per minute, and the recording spaces being only l/lOO of an inch in width. This produces the standard record having 100 threads per inch. In my previous application Serial No. 350,646, filed January 3, 1907, I desorlbe a sound record made with a ciroular edged recorder having a diameter of about one quarter that of the recorder whioh, as previously described, is used to make the 100 thread reoords. In the application No. 350,646 above referred to, the record is made on a record¬ ing machine having a feed sorew whioh preferably has a pitch of 200 threads to the inoh. This outB a record to 1. a suitable depth in a spaoe l/zoo of an inch wide instead of l/lOO of an inoh, the improved record so made having, therefore, 200 threads to the inoh. In the case of both the standard 100 thread record and the improved 200 thread reoord made with a recorder as just deBoribed, the deepest depressions whioh can be formed without overlapping upon the adjoining spaces are extremely shallow, being about 6/10,000 of an inoh in depth. In the oase of the 100 thread reoord, the width of the reoord groove is about sixteen times the maximum depth, and its walls are of such slight curvature that difficulty is experienced in tracking the record, unless the reproducer stylus is mounted with great flexibility. In the case of the improved 200 thread reoord of application Serial No. 350,646, the ratio of width to depth above referred to is out in half, becom¬ ing approximately 8 to 1. In endeavoring to produce a reoord having sub¬ stantially more than 200 threads per inoh, for example, 400 threads per inoh with a circular edged recording sty¬ lus, various difficulties present themselves one of which is the production of a cutter of stiff iciently small size to out such a narrow groove to a desirable depth, and further¬ more such a groove even when produced doeB not make a practical record because the side walls are too thin or narrow to have the requisite strength needed in molding and reproducing. According to the present invention I use a cut¬ ting stylus having straight inclined side edges, prefera¬ bly slightly rounded at the bottom or point. I am aware that V-shaped cutters have boon used heretofore for the pro¬ duction of reoord grooves, but the angle between the cutting edgeB, so far as I am aware, has not been such as to pro- 2. duce a desirable record groove. 1 have determined the proper angle to he used in order to produce the heBt re¬ sults, particularly in a groove having 400 threade to the inch, which angle should he approximately 95 degrees be¬ tween the two cutting edges of the recorder, and the same between the sides of the record groove or 46-1/2 degrees between one of the cutting edges and tSie median line of the cutter, and the same between one of the sideB of the groove and a plane drawn perpendioular to the reoord surface parallel to the groove. When thiB angle 1b used, the point of the stylus is rounded on a curve whose diameter is .001 inch which 1b a suitable curve for re¬ cords of such pitoh. This angle may be varied slightly under differ¬ ing conditions while securing the advantages of the inven¬ tion, as for instance, when the diameter of curvature of the point of the stylus is changed, but I recommend the angle and curvature above mentioned as being those best suited for 400 thread records. In a groove produced by Buch a stylus and having 400 threads per inch, the ratio between the width of the groove and its maximum depth iB approximately 2.5 to 1. Such a record groove has clearly defined side walls of sufficient strength to enable it when molded to be removed from the mold without injury to the Bide walls and to en¬ able it to be tracked by a reproducer stylus. In order that the invention may be better under¬ stood, attention is directed to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification and in which - Figure 1 is a transverse Beotion, greatly en¬ larged, of a reoord groove formed in accordance with my (5) invention. Figure 2 in a similar view on a smaller scale, but still greatly enlarged, and showing my improved re¬ cording stylus in position for foi-ming the groove. Figure 3 iB a side elevation of the recording stylus, and Figure 4 is a front olevution of an improved re¬ producer stylus for tracking the improved record groove. Thu recording otylus ^ which may be of sapphire or other suitable material is a oylinder whose axis is normal to the record surface and whose lowor end is formed as a cone 2, the apex of which is rounded on a spherical curve £ whose diameter may be .001 inch. The cutting edges 4 are formed by removing ma¬ terial from the cone 2 on a curve extending beyond or to the rear of the axiB of said cone, as shown in Figure 3. The lines forming said edges are substantially straight lineB and they are inclined toward each other at an angle of approximately 93 degrees, that is, eaoh cutting edge forms an angle of 46-l/2 degrees v/ith the axis of the re¬ corder. Suoh a recorder will form the record groove 2 of Figure 1, having side walls which are inclined to¬ ward each other at an angle of approximately 93 degrees, and the bottom 6> of which ie rounded on a circle whose diameter is .001 inch. A suitable reproducer stylus for tracking the record groove is shown in Figure 4. It is of Bapphlre or other suitable material and comprises a shank 8, neok £, and head 10, all circular in transverse section. The head 10 is formed with a bearing Burface having oon'idal walls 11 inclined toward each other at an angle of ap- (4) proxiraately 9? degreeB, or an angle of 46-1/2 degreee to the perpendicular, and rounded at the plane of inter¬ section on a curve or circle whose diameter may he .001 inoh. The stylus should he held with the shank trans- i in the etppL*l _ _ / ''IccaA't'lcr.^ 1 4 ib. , ^—1^08— BerW-Ho-r-456-,-701-. The improved recorder and reproducer herein shown are claimed in my application Serial Ho . tfytjjfy;''/ & & V filed concurrently herewith. Having now described my invention, what I olaim and desire to secure hy letters Patent, is aB follows: As a new article of manufacture, a Bound record formed, with a continuous itpira-l record groove hav¬ ing side walls\whose elements are substantially straight lines inclined toward the perpendicular bi- sector of the record groove at an. angle of approximately 46-1/2 degreeB, substantially as setVorth. / As a new article of manufacture, a sound ./tcijUhiC- - ' record formed with a continuous -spi*ial record groove having a rourided/bottom land Bide walls whose elements are substantially straight lines inclined toward the perpendicular bi-seotor of the reoord groove at an angle of approximately 46-1/2 degrees, substantially as set forth. CL - 1.-3 ^ c/>^ I'v ^Ab a new article of^jnapuf picture , a sound record formed wi^h-^a continuous «p4isal record groove i four hundredth of an (5) ©atb, i&tate of JJeto 3toep ) Count? of Cssex j THOMAS A. EDISON , tfje abobe nameb petitioner, being bulp Stoorn, beposes anb Saps tfjat fje is a citizen of tfje ®niteb States, anb a rebibent of Llewellyn Park, Wont Orange, Esoex County, Now Jersey tfjat fje berilp beliebes fjimself to be tfje original, first anb sole inbentor of tfje improbements in SOUND RECORDS beseribeb anb claimeb in tfje annexeb Specification; tfjat fje boeS not Unoto anb boes not beliebe tfjat tfje same toaS eber fmoton or useb before fjis inbention or biscoberp tfjereof; or patenteb or beScribeb in an? printeb publication in tfje tHniteb States of America or an? foreign countr? before fjis inbention or biscober? tfjereof, or more tfjan ttoo pears prior to tfjis application; or patenteb in an? countr? foreign to tfje ©niteb States on an application fileb more tfjan tbjelbe montfjs prior to tfjis application ; or in public use or on Sale in tfje tHniteb States for more tfjan ttoo pears prior to tfjis application; anb tfjat no application for patent upon Saib inbention fjas been fileb b? fjirn or fjis legal representatibes or assigns in an? foreign countr?. isitootn to anb subscribeb before me tfjis bap of,1 a— 260. j.H.D.-Li'r"' D,c'” DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C Thomas A. Edison, caro preink 1. Iyer, Orange, New jersey . Care Edison laboratory , March 19,1909. mn 19 1909 MAILED. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application for Sound Reoords .filed February 23,1909, serial number 479,686 . The olaima a*^|Ur,^oted in view of tie patents of Hell and Taiiiter,#34a,214fliay 4,1886, (181-6), and Talnter, JU^^^8’#385’886' and Von Wo^«rman ' a British Patent #lC98V oT1897, (181-2). The particular shape of applicant's record groove appears to be old in Von Woureraan's patent. t* provide a record tablet with four hundred or any other number of these grooves to the inoh , does not seem to constitute invention . r RECav&.D.'\ MAR 20 1909 j V frank L. dyer. ) IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OP? ICE Thomas A. Edison : SOUND RECORDS : Room No. 379- Piled February 23, 1909 = Serial Ho. 479,586 : HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS SIR: In response to rejection of March 19, 1909, pleaso amend this case as follows: v Pago 5 of the specification, lines 7 and 8, erase "application of Poter Weber filed October 8, 1908, Serial No. 456,701" and substitute - patent of Peter Weber No. 951,496, granted March 8, 1910. - . / Claim 1, line 2, substitute - helical - for "spiral" before "record". / Claim 2, line 2, substitute - helical - for "spiral" before "record". 1/ Claim 3, line 2, substitute - helical - for "spiral" before "record". ‘^Line 7, after "degrees" insert - the ratio between the maximum width and depth of the groove being less than 4 to 1 - . -/ Claim 4, line 2, substitute - helical - for "spiral" before "record". ^ Line 7, after "degrees" insert - the ratio between the maximum width and depth of the groove being approximately 2-l/2 to 1 - . (1) REMARKS Reoonsideration and allowance of the claims as amended are respeotfully requested. It is submitted that applicant's claims define a sound record having elements of novelty sufficient to confer patentability thereupon. In the British patent to Von IVouwermans cited, the record groove does not have side walls whose elements are sub¬ stantially straight lines inclined at an angle, since his groove is oval or elliptical in section. The patent to Bell & Tainter cited discloses a well known form of cutting stylus, in which a needle or wire is ground to a point to. cut the groove. A groove formed by such a cutting stylus would not fulfill all the conditions re¬ quired by applicant's construction, in which the groove must bo of extremely microscopic character, have well defined side v/alls, have a proper depth to insure a sufficiently loud reproduction, and be of such a character that it can be tracked properly by a practical reproducer stylus in reproducing from the same. These various considerations have resulted in the formation of a record groove having an angle which is given approximately in the claims and having a certain ratio between the width and depth which is recited in certain of the claims. In forming a record groove having 400 threads to the inch, it was found that a groove having a circular or curved cross seotlon would not leave sufficiently well defined side v/allB to permit the same to he manufactured and remain unbroken, so therefore the structure of the British patent would not do. The recording stylus of Bell & Tainter does not oven approximate the proportions re- (2) quired lay applicant and would not make a practioal groove which would serve ai>plicant'B purpose. It may also he noted that as shown in Figure 6 of the patent drawings, the sides of the recording stylus are curved and not straight lines. Respectfully submitted. THOMAS A. EDISON Kis Attorney. Orange, Hew Jersey March l8th, 1910. for Sound Records, filed yeby. 23, 1909, serial number 479,586 * This notion is responsive to the amendment filed March Pass 6, line 10, insert the omitted aerial number • Claims 1 andJJ^af^ rebooted upon the patent to Bruening, November 10,1891, #462,687, (181-5), or Von Wouwerman of rooord* Bruening's recorder is apparently from the disclosure in the drawing, approximately 90 to 93 degrees between the inclined sides. It is held no invention to so modify Bruening* s recorder aa to moke it exactly 93 degrees, this being held but a modification of form not within the scope of patentable subject matter. To round the point is held to be no invention in view of Von Wouwerman . Claims 3 and 4 are rejected upon Bruening cited, in view of Von Wouwerman Cited. The limitation as to the ratio of maximum width and depth ia held not to give a patentable limitation to the bo olaima inasmuoh as it is believed that if applicant's oonioal pointed recorder will produoe a reoord groove of such ratio, that Bruening’s recorder will necessarily produoe a reoord groove of approximately the same ratio • IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, THOMAS A. EDISON, SOUND RECORDS , Filed February 23, 1909. Serial No. 479,586. i HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, SIR: j| In response to Office action of April 2, I 1910, please amend the above entitled case as follows: j| In line 10, page 5, after "No." insert 479,587 . In line 4, claim 4, cancel "rounded" and after "between" insert rounded on an arc having a radius of approximately .0005 of an inch. R E M A R K S . Reconsideration and allowance of the claims are respectfully requested. Referring to Figure 7 of the patent to Bruening, it appears that the Bides of the outting point of Bruening' s recorder are inclined to each other at an angle of approximately 60° rather than at an angle of 90° as stated by the Examiner. None of the references of reoord shows a reproducer having outting edges whioh are straight linos inclined to each other at an angle of "1' approximately 93°. Purthermore, none of the references makes any statement ae to the inclination of the sides of the reoorder or the record groove, nor to the use for which the applicant's invention was designed. The angle specified in the claims was determined by a series of ex¬ periments and is apparently necessary for production of the record groove having 400 threads to the inoh. It appears that the applicant has conceived a new invention and it is thought that this invention as defined in the claims is patentable. Claims 2 and 4, in addition to defining a new inclination for the sides of the reoord groove, desoribe the latter as provided with a rounded bottom. The reoorder shewn by Bruening oomes to a sharp point so that obviously it could not cut a groove with a rounded bottom. Claim 4 specifically states the curvature of the bottom of the record groove. Orange, Few Jersey, Maroh 1911. respectfully submitted, THOMAS A. BDISOB, His Attorney. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON April 15,1911 Thomas A. Bdison, Care Trank L. Dyer, Orange, New Jersey . Rdison Laboratory . Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. #479,586, filed Feb. 23,1909, for Sound Records . n v* _ Commissioner of Palmlt. This action is responsive to the amendment filed TT&roh 16,1911 . Claims 1 is rejected upon Rruening of record, or Mofelvey, January 3,1895, 531,690, (181-10)' Bruening'a recorder may well be around 90 degrees in inclination between its sides; Moyelveyts recorder is described as including an angle of 90 degress between its sides. It is held patentably immaterial whether the angle be 90 or 93 degrees as it is believed that the device would still be operative including but 90 degrees* Claim 2 is rejected on the cited art in view of VonVfouwerman , of record. It is held there is no invention in rounding the point of Bruening or Mcvelvey’s recorder in view of VonWouwerman . Claim 3 is rejected upon either -aruening or MeTCelvey and claim 4 upon nruening or ?4cvelvey in view of Von Vouwermann • Patentable subject matter is not found in the specific radius of a ourvature at the point of the stylus . IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. THOMAS A. EDISON, ) SOUND BECORDS, ) Boom No. 379. Filed Febrxiary 23, 1909, ) Serial Ho. 479,586. ) HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, SIB: In response to Office action of April 15, 1911, please amend the above entitled case as follows: In line 3, claim 2, after "a" insert - transversely - . Cancel claims 1, 3 and 4, and change the numeral of claim 2 to 1. Add the following as claims 2 and 3. 2. As a new article of manufacture , a sound record formed with a continuous helical record groove whose pitch is approximately one four-hundredth of an inch and having a transversely rounded bottom and side walls whose elements are substantially straight lines inclined towards the per¬ pendicular bi-sector of the record groove at an angle of approximately 46-1/2 degrees, the ratio between the maxi¬ mum width and depth of the groove being approximately 21/2 to 1, substantially as sot forth. 3. - As a new article of manufacture, a sound record formed with a continuous helical record groove whose pitch is approximately one four-hundredth of an inch and having a bottom rounded transversely on an arc having a radius of approximately .0005 of an inch and side walls who Be elements are substantially straight lines inclined toward 1 the perpendicular bi-sector of the record groove at an angle of approximately 46 1/2”, the ratio between the maximum width and depth of the groove being approximately 2 1/2 to 1, substantially as sot forth. REMARK 3 Hone of the references 6f record discloses a "record groove having a trnnsverely rounded bottom and side walls whose elements are substantially straight lines"; nor does any of the references suggest the formation of such a groove. This feature of applicant's invention is brought out in all of the claims. The patents to Bruening and McKelvey show pointed recorders which would not form a record groove having a transversely rounded bottom. The patent to V onW ouwe rmam shows a groove with rounded side walls which would be so thin in a record having the large number of threads per inch contemplated by the applicant as to break down in molding and reproducing. As clearly pointed out in the specification, the principal object of applicant's invention is to produce a record having substantially four hundred threads per inch. In accordance with this object, applicant experimented with recording styluses of various shapes and finally discovered that a record of the type in question could be successfully cut, molded and reproduced without the danger of breaking dov/n the side walls of the grooves if the recording stylus were so shaped as to cut a groove of the type set forth in the claims. The reproduction from this record was also found to be of very good quality and volume. Hone of the references either discloses a record having so large a number of threads per Inch as contemplated by the applicant or indicates how such a record can be successfully produced. A now result has been produced by applicant's invention and the claims clearly point out tho novel shape of the groove by which this result is obtained. Claims 2 and 3, in addition to distinguishing from the references by tho features set forth in the first sentence of the above remarks, specifically state that the pitch of the record groove is approximately one four-hundredth of an inch and also that the ratio between the. maximum width and depth of the groove is approximately 2 1/2 to 1. Claim 3 further specifies the radius on which the bottom of the record groove is rounded. Referring to the Examiner's statement that "there is no invention in rounding the point of Bruening or MoIColvey's recorder in view of VonWouwcrmanri", , it is pointed out that such a modification is not suggested by VonWouerman or any of the references of record, and that even if such a modification were made, there would not necessarily be produced by the modified stylus a record groove of tho type set forth in the claims. 1’he desirability of making- a record capable of ouch an extended reproduction as that invented by the applicant is thought to be obvious. The applicant is the first to produce such a record; and the means employee and tho record prod\iced by him ure different from any heretofore known. It is accordingly thought that applih cant is entitled to a patent on this invention. Reconsideration and allowance are respectfully requested. Respectfully submitted, ' Orange, Hew Jersey, THOMAS A. EEIS01I, March 1912. By - his Attorney. * ' * DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON April 24,1912. Thomas A. Edison, - - - Care Vrank L. Dyer, TJ g pj\TPT OFFICE, grange, Mov; Jersey . 1 ' 1 APR 241912 Edison laboratory . MAILED. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. for Sound Raoordu, filed ^eb. 23, 1909, serial number 479,586 . D.S. PATENT OFFICE, APR 24 1912 MAILED. I This action is responsive to the amendment filed Harch 27, 1912. Claim 1 is rejected upon Boll, et al., of record, see page 3, lines 67 to 71 inclusive. Invention in not found in making the angle of Bell, substantially like that of MoKelvey of record, or Von Wouwermann of record unless applicant can shov/ that an o angle of 93 ix produces a result not obvious from the prior o use of 90 . Claim 2 is rejected upon the references and for the reasons of rejection of claim 1. The pitch of the groove is hold not a patentable limitation. The ratio of the width to the depth is held. to give a patentable1 limitation as Buch ratio is approximato¬ rs. ly twice the tangent of l/2 the angle included at the apex. Therefore given the angle of the cutting tool and the ratio of o width to depth is predetermined. The ratio in any of the 90 recorders of record ^'blbselyJ approaches that claimed for applicant's construction. Claim 3 is rejected upon the references and fbr the reasons given. The radius of curvature of the point is mere held to be a.matter of selection and not Involving invention. Folio No . 458,; Serial No...^^./^jZ:.. Applicant. Address. . ) Examiner’s Room No....-Z/y?- . 'nee . . Ass’g’t ExecS^....%y.,t.i(s;..Recorded . Liber. . -Page . Patent No...\.,VSa^£L_. IssuedT^fN''^ <\ ACTIONS. . )8 __ flvasisds jS./giI 19- 5 . 20 . *- A-te .<. .cv1 . Z 4. /#/}- 8 21 22 ^...f..'/..#/J 23 4^.^.J.-./#/J 24 1 0 . 25 1 1 ..&L.dLd.. . JLlsu ',d..m. 26 - 12 . 27 . ;-.;1 3 28. 1 -^^gs^kaeafesIL^ <\ l* . 29 ■15 .MUm^....^^.....^ . r.±.,..>r. 30- . r ' ^JtsnMcU^jL, dJ{j_ g. _ JUSLf/j. H .^o.aAj. ?%j- >jr, FRANK L. DYER, V Counsel, ORANGE, NEW JERSEY. is ^ Ly4-r-« • _c,(^Cs^>*.£>. tw.o'/T. ir^, L>u-g.L< &■?-»*- lW yX^CZ-cLt. __ _ Vl-tM^.. Ccu.« sfifi 4r.i_|CM'>-_ «3 eruv-^cC.c >Uj»'U.(, *-e^^ *t— utTCC(>- «>-vci(J, «r ^■{0 - v j. ' . » j^tuctfUc. •*- 1 _ SzjV (LoTM-oXj VA lAOVrta P.1U o-^ifov t,— _ UJ-^JWo^^W ft }jyj/g ) _ ... l-» /IvicL e fefVft oC-e-0*ui .. t(Lu) ... ;_:. &•_ . " W-t*-\i£j-t t^eQ-Cn/L^cP . ^C&. JofcAd? .-<) vy^a C^-^y f^.oa. . . ^ ... !W ^jla^Cl^ToXiw-c — ■**- . ffvt \^ fs?- rr<\c, t-9 _ st^Cv. rr#.^. _ i T « \*.rJC£Cj ^A-c-7»jCc*n c ec-ff tr I* »yf~c> fr&g -*. ^ £7 . . . . ,r+- — L-tS-fi-. >.. c. (Xy ..L^:(l - - — \\A-S_-Cfcc^r~. '-'-wc^.C^U AxJJ? _ \ _ ! ■ _ »v{) Gu-Vj ». C (Lc»aaJ2, Ua ^ xiAeJ^c I c*t <0-AF 0*»* VU-aJLcw.L «J?:. Q-e^/b tdr fpy-t.0.^^ - — " (J . 1 A 'I | J C-o-Tt fclAX ’vu.ery't. I A . «-«~£ Yu L.i_ii.-t^_.~-G J ( i/SpW \JJ-(L***, YCj. J~L. t-0" C'f'b ^-a U-*. gt /Ao_— . . ifiTtA ^OO (to-tte^rC-a /jke-s. Ll>Gv->-oGv U-\ rJCj^.v #>-(? Cc^ (s a u->- -ffo^ t-a L ri/r3> cm — j/£ja_ Ua tv-G^ZL (O jfcvXt. *t— ^-v ” tfc&_SL:fi-v«NV>s'-' <~«»_£3fc>‘ «*- * *-**-* is er-YAt-VUa LA_AA-.t_^P . CA$_ h l oi.teb — /u| <*- ^u^rh. Aj2-e_* i^L ^'h^X w C^jaLu w/es^ && u*a.l*^~a C-d^o-taA. » - - /e-T Q- Jlt£f^L.-eK — l?e 7^G-- _ I _ ( r J _ y DO-(Lc-o. UAp, A>a rC>A VwTCfl.v- uCtrf Ovs. A 15“ 'AtLc.Cl^X. B- CCCtui "H— J3 A frt - Jbfry e* . '11Cd-wO& /£> — ((vJS /v-cr«— -| Hid. V (iftK. e*j^ ft-AJ-tUxS / Gmvxo^C-GL*v C^ervu*. « •-► 1 B i , Us-fiowve.*-! tGCt c * f^v. ‘Aa^# A 386 MEMORANDUM 2/12/09 . Mr. Dyev Smith: Mr. 'Edison in speaking to me about the new appli¬ cations on shellac record compositions, made it clear that he wants to cover two separate things. As I understood him, one is the composition in which shellac is dissolved in a solid solvent such as naphthalene or stearic acid, the proportions being such that the solid solvent will crystalize and practically separate from the shellac so that the record surface is pure shellac . - The other is a true mixture of "shellac dissolve d'T!n"Tr soTfiT solvent under heat, the proportion of the shellac being very much higher than in the first case. Such material is moulded and chilled like any record compositiori. I hand you herewith the first application, which wants to be corrected, and X promised Mr. Edison to let him have both tomorrow afternoon. / '*$&£. buJr. Ao?«t jUr^r. flLfett . _ j^c;«_CL £ £-(2-t@?G_. _ Ui iQ.Lt: C^C f>_6 . . . - Vl— _ XlvjsJWv/ 4ArVWVY\t. _ A5WKTL. twxfc^x v & fp cC[zr~ ^/■-'a-R.eiC( rp-tCf IvU uTZCfl t> tyt / »-w _ CjLC- &Lv_q r>- C-Q-T^ ~1Lo <-L &ji* — CLc. Lfi. rcC U> . *Q _ JLt-^-w-|o > d — . v~f Lc ./&. '0^^kJ_ CG. pcocim ~~JI Lifo.^a^c_ ft- • LU Cjl't~(l0\ ... £ «• C^VcL- CAdie. JL_e.^-r. br~e<^v*-e&-*i C| — - — Aj>. Qa^ckC < _ \) lA-e>-t-0 _ 2i _ cpret Mj-5» _ «vjL /_____ >-\ — w „ 1?\ \ ._ ^^OejfriAv. t M rCr. ‘-a o«. c^b C/Lgu _ $Lt-*A €>*£ a o-t t-«-&-...t CS-^g,gft^. _ XjUoA, _ y(i l<-«cur> C4- ~fe IpO. tft'LtCGtf. -P „ <-- ^ '-£-LT‘ „ _ a ft^QLgJze. ^ oj>3 J/le U _ _ I _ WvGIlfcLj-=; r<-p oilfc lJ" uo 1 — <3 Q~~S^f~~<-i ■ CL'fm ■-r-t-Zh-e^ ' _ _ J _ __ _ 1_ %,/uL Uj^ I 5“ fp'a-ZC c^A€-C-^v>-0 _ _ =h — o-42-<-/ 'i-z'ti fi) ^^jJ^JL^l. ^ ^-fo iu^ U ^ _ Gxjjidh . _/h Ji 4 jk^yku^lcUt., I/I^c ' Jd /zju^z£aty invention comprises broadly the provision of a member/v mounted in any way to roooive motion relative to the ve¬ hicle from changes in ac^ei^rafrion of the vehicle, this ! member being connected to any suitable pumping apparatus which tends to maintain the pressure in the air tank. “A reciprocatable sliding or rolling member mounted in a suit¬ able guideway might, though with lees efficiency, be sub- ■ stituted for the pendulum. Having now described my invention, what I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is as follows: ''l-r apparatus of the character described, the combination^of a cylinder, a piston therein, a pendulum, and connect iomNiyjtween Baid piston and pendulum, sub¬ stantially as described. (4) fern, \,L 1 d. In apparatus of the character described, the combination of pumping apparatus comprising a fixed member and a member movable relatively thereto, a pivoted weighted] member and connections between said weighted m ember and said movable member, substantially as described. 5. In apparatus of the character described, the combination of an air tank, a cylinder, a plunger therein, moans affording a ono-way air passage between said cylin¬ der and tank, Bald cylinder having air inlet means, a pivoted weighted member, and connections between said member and said plunger for actuating the latter from oscillations of the former, substantially as described. '4. In apparatus of the charaotor doscribod, the combination of an air tank, cylinders mounted in align¬ ment, plungers therein, means affording one-way passages between Baid cylinders and tank, said cylinders having air inlet means, a pivoted weighted member mounted to \ swing in a plane parallel to the axes of said cylinders, and connections batvreon skid member and said plungerB for actuating the lattbr f rom \^scillations of the former, substantially as described. " 7k ■ a -Vf/’/a- A> . bination^of pumping apparatus comprising a fixed member and a member movable relatively thereto, a member attached to the vehicle, a member mounted to receive motion relative 4 "/>*/,« ■to said last naraod member from changes in aceelerati-on of said vehicle, and connections between said motion receiving] member and said movable pump member for actuating the latter from movements of the former, substantially as described. £ A> 4 "/7/^ g>tate of JJeto 3 rerSe? \ Count? of CSSex j WILLIAM L. EDISON , tfje abobe nameb petitioner, being bul? Stoorn, tieposieei anb Sa?S tfjat fje is a citizen of tfje ZSfniteb states, anb a reSibent of Pleaountdale, Eboox County, New Jersey tfjat fje beril? beliebes fjimSelf to be tfje original, first anb Sole inbentor of tfje improbements in AIR PUMPS bescribeb anb cfaimeb in tfje annexeb specification ; tfjat fje boes not fmoto anb boes not beliebe tfjat tfje same bias eber fuiobm or useb before fjiS inbention or biScober? tfjereof; or patenteb or bescribeb in an? printeb publication in tfje XHniteb States of America or an? foreign countr? before fjiS inbention or biscober? tfjereof, or more tfjan ttoo ?ears prior to tfjis application ; or patenteb in an? countr? foreign to tfje ®niteb States on an application fileb more tfjan ttoelbe montfjs prior to tfjis application; or in public use or on Safe in tfje fHniteb States for mote tfjan ttoo ?eats prior to tfjis application; anb tfjat no application for patent upon Saib inbention fjas been fileb b? fjint or fjiS legal representatibes or assigns in an? £j>toorn to anb SubScribeb J2otar? public. NOTARY PUBLIC. STATE OF NEW JERSEY foreign countr?. before me tfjis ^ ^£rba? o_ — . 2—200. Dl-v . _QL_. Room _ 1.42 Paper Noj|...2„ J.L.D. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C„ January 31, 1910, William L. Edison, Caro, Prank L. Byer, Orange, N.J. *' ' Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of ' for Air Pumps, filed Nov, 5, 1909, Ser .No, 626,420, Commissioner of Patents. This application has been examined. The claims aro^p^Jected on the following references: - ~l Hutchinson, # 59,2^6, Oot. 30, 1866, Air & Gub Pumps, Solid Piston, It., Rectilinear; Prioe, ...... . 068,11^, Sept, 22, 1896, 115, Marine Propulsion; i Prioe, . . .5,67,999^ ^ Coates et al, 18^19^ Sept, 22, 1896, »" «» «» Sept, 15, 1857, 114. Bilge Discharge, Ships Motion^. Wendell . 233,95 V Nov. 2, 1880, 188, Pluid Pressure Railw* 439,302, Oct, 28, 1890, Brake ,Momentum Pump; S J in THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. WILLIAM L. EDISON, ) AIR PUMPS, ) Room No. 142. Filed November 5, 1909, ) Serial No. 526,428. ) HONORABLE COMMISSI ONER OF PATENTS, SIR: In response to Office action of January 31, 1910, please amend this application as follows: Page 4, line 20, change "acceleration" to speed . Cancel claims 1 to 4 inclusive, and substitute the following claims; 1. The, combination with a vehicle, of pumping apparatus^ therefor, and means actuated by changes in speed oi1 the vehicle for operating the pumping mechanism, sub¬ stantially as described. .GnacctC;*/ 2. The combination with a vehicle, of pumping apparatu^ therefor, and means actuated by the starting and stopping of" the vehicle for operating the pumping mechanism, substantially aB described. Claim 5, line 5, change "acceleration" to speed , Re-number claim 5 as 3. Add the following claim: 3 The combination with a vehicle frame, of an' air "1" tank suspended therefrom, cylinders suspended from the , a*r *n alignment with each other, meanB affording one- | way passages between said cylinders and tank, said cylinders having air inlet means, plungers in the cylinders, a single | PiBton rod connected to all of the plungers, ^and a pivoted ! inertia member^ suspended between the cylinders arid I connected -to. the piston rod, the said inertia member being : jjmovable in the line of movement of the vehicle, whereby ! relative movement between the said member and the vehicle J frame is produced by changes in speed of the vehicle, sub¬ stantially as described. v-7- 'V,, REMARKS. The references cited by the Examiner have been ireful ly considered. The patents to Wendell and McMinton I show pumping means operated by the vertical movements of a railway car. The patent to Hutchinson shows pumping means operated by the swaying motion of the car. The patent to Price, 568,117, shows punning meanB operated by the rolling motion of a ship. The patents to Coates et al and Price 567,999, show pumping meanB operated by the rolling and pitching of a vessel. Hone of the references show such means actuated by changes in speed of a vehicle, f by the starting and stopping of the vehicle. This I distinction is brought out in the claims as amended. Furthermore , applicant has devised an apparatus which is compact and effective for the purpose described, and the arrangement of the parts is set forth rather specifically "2" in new claim 4, Reconsideration and allowance of the case are requested. Very truly yours, Orange, New Jersey, December 2^j 1910. WILLIAM L. EDISON, P.8, j DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON Junuary 24, 1911. William L. Edison, Care, Prank L. Dyer, ; \ Orange, N.J, v * ) Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER irtroharge of your application. for Air pumps, filed Nov. 5, 1909, Ser .No.62<>,428. This application has been considered ao amended Dec, 30, 1910. Claims 1, 2, and 3 aro rejected as involving no invention over Hutohinson in view of the Prenoh patent, both of record. Claim 4 io rejected on the Prench patent of record. vf ^ [FROM HENRY LANAHANJ Messrs. 3aoon & Milans, 908 0 Street, K. IT., Washington, D. 0. ■ Gentlemen: - In the Office notion of January 24, 1911 in the application of William I,. Edison for Air Pumps, filed November 5, 1909, Serial Ho . 526,428, the. Examiner rejected Claims 1, 2 and 3 as involving no invention over Hutohinson in viev/.of the French patent, both of reoord, and rebooted Claim 4 on the Frenoh patent of reoord. Upon taking this application up for amendment, I find that no Frenoh patent has been cited. ?his application is in Division 9, Room 142. Will you kindly see the Examiner and find out what patent he intended to refer to by the expression "Frenoh patent of record". Please advise me promptly in regard to this matter and charge the cost to Whomas A. Edison person¬ ally. Yours very truly. HI-JS SOLICITORS Bacon & Milans ™ ffinmtseUnn? at Slam PATENT AND TRADE-MARK CAUSES WASHINGTON, I January 18, 1912. Frank L. Dyer , Esq. , Orange , H. J. Dear Sir:- Referring to your favor of the 16th Inst. , in re Edison application Ho. 526,428, we beg to advise you that the French patent referred to by the Examiner is Ho. 393431 of 1908. Very truly yours, IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE j William Ii. Edison ) AIH PUMPS ) Piled November 5, 1909 j Hoorn No. 142. •••i I Serial No. 526, 428 .. . j HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS , ■'| SIR: j In the Offloe action of January j 24, 1911, the Examiner rejected Claims 1, 2 and 3 as in- <■ j volving no Invention over "Hutohinson in view of the Frenoh ... patent, both of reoord", and rejected Claim 4 on "the Prenoi patent of reoord". On taking up the oase for response to this Offios aotion, it is found that no Prenoh patent has Ebeen oited in the ease., Applioant is therefore unable to amend or to present an argument until more definite inform¬ ation has been furnished by the Offioe. The Examiner is . therefore requested to oite the Prenoh patent by number, date, name of patentee, eto., as is required by Rule 66. Respectfully submitted, | WILLIAM L. EDISON By , Orange, New Jersey January /*} , 1912. His Attorney DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR P.S. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON January 25, 1912. William L. Edisob, Cure, I'run?.< I., Dyer, Orungo, lf.J. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. for Air Pumps, filed Nov. 5, 1900, Ser .Ho.526,428. This application has boon considered letter ■! of an pi i cant1 f the Office filed .Tan. 20, 1912. ihahxdr The data of tho Eroncn oited in the last Office letter are O French patent Ho. 393, 431 of 1908, Pumps, Solid Reciprocating Piston, Multiple Cylinder. IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OPPICE I WILLIAM L. EDISON ) |j AIR PUMPS ) !; Piled November 5, 1909 j || Serial No. 526,428 . . . j jl ;! ji HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS, SIR: Room No. 142. jj In response to the Offioe letter jj of January 25th, 1912, please amend the above entitled jj oase as follows | Claim 4, lino 7, erase "operatively" and subati j tute - having a pin and slot - ; and in lino 0, replace "oonneoted to" by - oonneotion with - . Canool Claim 2 and renumber Claims 3 and 4 as 2 and 3. Add the following claims 4. The combination with a vehicle, of pumping mechanism therefor comprising a cylinder arranged longi- ! tudinally of the vehiole, a piston in said cylinder, a piston rod oonneoted to said piston, and a pivoted inertia member operatively oonneoted to said piston rod and movable in the line of movement of the vehiole, |i whereby relative movement between the inertia member 'and tie vehiole is produced by changes in speed of the vehiole, substantially as described. 5. The combination with a vehiole, of pumping meohanism therefor comprising a oylinder arranged longi- (1) tudlnally of the vehiole, a piston in said oylinder, a piston rod oonneoted to said piston, and a pendulum having a slot and pin oonneotlon with said piston rod, said j.j pendulum being movable in the line of movement of said I vehiole, whereby relative movement between the pendulum j j and the vehiole is produoed . by... changes in speed of the . vehiole, substantially asi desoribed. ! ' j! 6. The combination with a vehiole, of pumping appar- atus therefor comprising a pair of aligned cylinders hav¬ ing plungers therein and a single rod oonneoting said plungers, and a pendulum having a slot and pin oonneotlon . with said rod, and operable by ohanges, in speed of the vehiole, substantially as desoribed. 7. The oombination with a vehiole frame, of an air j tank suspended therefrom longitudinally thereof, oylinders ■ suspended from the ends of the air tank in alignment with | eaoh other, said oylinders having air inlet means in their I adjaoent ends, means affording passages between the oppos- j ite ends of said oylinder and said tank, plungers in the | oylinders, a single rod oonneoting said plungers, and a | pendulum suspended between the oylinders and having a slot j and pin oonneotlon with said rod, the said pendulum being j movable in the line of. movement of the vehiole, substan- jl tially as desoribed. 1 REMARKS I Further oonsideration of Claim 1 and Claim 2, f former Claim 3, is requested. ‘ Neither Hutohinson nor || ^e Frenoh patent of record disoloses means aotuated by ohangeB in apead of a vehiole for operating pumping meohanism. In Hutohinson'3 device , the pumping mechan¬ ism is operated by the lateral movements of the vehiole when the same is in motion, while the apparatus shown in the French patent is especially desoribed as adapted for raising water to a distributing reservoir looated at a high elevation. While it is true that the specification of the French patent suggests that the apparatus may be usee for compressing air or other fluids, as well as for the particular purpose desoribed, its operation is entirely different from that of applicant's aevioe. The lever F of the French patent is adapted to be operated by hand or by motor, the action of the lever being augmented by the weight on the end thereof after the lever has been raised either by hand, or some other motive force applied thereto. By the arrangement and oombinations of parts described in the olaims, whioh are njt disclosed in any of the references, applicant accomplishes a new result, and it is therefore believed that he is entitled to the olaims as drawn. For the same reasons Claim 3, former Claim 4, and new Claims 4, 5, 6 and 7 are also believed to be allowable. None of the references shows the combination of a vehiole frame, of a tank suspended therefrom, oylinders suspended from the tank in alignment with each other, and means affording one-way passages between said cylinders and tank, as set forth in Claim 3. Olaims 4, 5 and 7 further differentiate, from the references in describing a cylinder or cylinders arranged longitudinally of a vehiole, an inertia member or. pendulum for operating fa) the plunger or plungers In the cylinder or cylinders, and j a member or pendulum movable In the line of movement of j the vehicle.. Claim 3, bb amended, and Claims 5, 6 and 7 l| also bring out the faot that the inertia member or pendulum I haB a slot and pin oonneotion with the piston rod of the ! |j pumping apparatus . The French patent is an improper ref er- j! enoe for claims containing this limitation, as the djsolos- | ure of the oonneotion between rods E and F in this patent |j is very indefinite; in faot, as shown, it appears that rod F is pivoted to rod E in which oase the device would be inoperative as it would be impossible to oscillate rod F as described. For the above reasons, allowance of the olaimB as ■ no?/ presented is requested. Respectfully submitted, WILLIAM L. EDISON His Attorney Orange, New Jersey April H , 1912. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR P.S. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON Kay 15> 1912. _ William L. Ediaohtate of Jieto fer Sep Count? of (Essex thomas a. isoison , tfje abobe nnmeb petitioner, being but? Stoorn, beposes anb saps that fje is! a citizen of tfje tHniteb States, anb a reSibent of Llewellyn Park, We at Oran^s, New Jersey tfjat be berilp beliebesi fjimSeff to be tfje original, first anb Sole inbentor of tfje improbements! in PHONO GRAPH RRFROD'TCERS bescribeb anb clainteb in tfje annexeb Specification ; that be boeS not fcnoto anb boes not beliebe that tfje s!ame boas eber fenohm or usfeb before bis inbention or biscoberp thereof; or patenteb or bescribeb in anp printeb publication in tfje Uniteb states of America or anp foreign eountrp before bis inbention or biscoberp thereof, or more than ttoo pears prior to this application; or patenteb in anp eountrp foreign to the tHniteb States on an application fileb more than ttoelbe months prior to this application; or in public use or on Sale in the tHniteb States for more than ttoo pears prior to this application; anb that no application for patent upon Saib inbention has been fileb bp bint or bis legal representatibes or assigns in anp foreign country. g)toorn to anb SubScribeb before me this bap §<£ bap of^^ 190' [&*al] Jlotarp public. 3-960. Plv"-a3-f J.H.D.-S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D. C.. December 1,1909. ThomaB A. Edison, Care Prank L. Dyer, Orange, New jersey , Care Edison Laboratory . Please find below a communication, from the EXAHIHEfl in charge of your application, DEC 1 1B9!J i ft/i A i L li. . 1 6?8 3p°n0'q;raph Reproducers, filed Not. 16,1909, serial number This application has been duly examined. All of the olaims are rejected upon^he art as disclosed in, Georigi, Oct. 6,1909f#936,115; Chisholm, March 10,1908, #881 Macdonald, March 28,1906, #76^,746, (Pigure 1) j Le Pevre, March 22,1904, #755^606, or Edison, July 1,1902, #703,774, all in (181-10). In all of these references the angle defined in the claim is clearly met in the disclosures oited. Claim 4 is also objected to because there is no patentable combination between the r«oord>and the reproducer as now set forth in this claim . .M fi* IXT THE UNITED STATES PATENT OPPICE, THOMAS A. EDISON, ) PHONOGRAPH REPRODUCERS , ) Piled November 16, 1909, ) Serial No. 528,323. ) Room No. 379. HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS, SIR: In response to Office action of December 1, 1909, reconsideration and allowance of the claims are requested as none of the references disclose the structure described in the claims with sufficient clearness to constitute an anticipation thereof. V/hile the references of record show the reproducing stylus and the pivot of the stylus lever in the relative position, with respect to the record surface described by the claims, this disclosure is evidently merely accidental. None of the references describes this relation and none of them contains any hint of the operation and advantages set forth by the applicant. Attention is directed to the following quotation taken from page 459, Vol. 1, (Book 1, Chapter III) of Robinson on Patents: "The rules which govern the sufficiency of the description in the prior patent are the same as in regard to other forms of publication. It must plaoe the invefatmon in the possession of the public as fully as an "H examination of the praotically operative art or instrument could do. It must describe every essential element of the invention so clearly and completely that any person skilled in the art could construct and use it from the directions given in the Pcitent, without experimenting or 1 using his inventive powers." For !;hese reasons it is respectfully submitted that unless the Examiner can oite a reference which dearly describes the structure specified in the claims, the latter should be allowed. Respectfully, THOMAS A. EDISON By Orange, New Jersey, His Attorney. November 26, 1910. This action la responsive to the argument filed }J°v« 29,1910. After careful consideration, nothing of patentable subject matter can he found in applicant's claims and all of the claims are finally rejected upon thG references and for the reasons of record and the prosecution of this case is closed except in accordance with the provisions of Rule 6fl . | Eov. 28, .1911. Mr. Dyer: Edison applications, Polios 502 and /?0;have been finally rejected by the primary Examiner; and the question is whether or not an appeal should be taken from the rejections. Eolio 552 covers a reproducer in which the stylus is so positioned as to increa.se the amplification of the sound waves by the stylus lever. This increased amplification is obtained by so positioning the stylus in the stylus lever that a line drawn through the bearing surface thereof and the fulcrum of the said lever forms a very sharp angle with a plane, including said stylus bearing surface and the axis of the record, this angle in the construction shown in Pigs. 1 and 2 being approximately 15°. Pigs a Md 3 illustrate diagrammatical- I ly the increased lover movement of Mr. bison's structure over that of the commonly employed stylus mounting. / A number of references of record disclose the identical stylus mounting set forth in this application, (see, / for example, U. S. patents 785,746 and 936,115 herewith); and I, therefore, recommend that the same be dropped. Referring to Polio 170, the claims contained therein are as follows: 1. The method of recording souftds phonographically, which consists in vibrating a diaphragm in accordance with sound waves to out a record of varying depth in the record¬ ing surface, and in opposing to the movements of the dia- i, 1911. phragm away from the recording surface a resistance which increases rapidly with the amplitude with acceleration throughout the whole of each such movement of considerable amplitude, substantially as set forth. 2. The method of recording sounds phonographically, which consists in vibrating a diaphragm in accordance with sound waves to cut a record of varying depth on the recording surface, whereby a resistance, increasing with the amplitude, with acceleration throughout the whole of each such movement of considerable amplitude will be imposed on the diaphragm in its movements towards the recording surface, and in causing the diaphragm, in its movements away from the recording surface, to develop friction increasing with the amplitude, whereby a resistance corresponding to that opposing the movements of the diaphragm in the opposite direction will be imposed on the diaphragm in such movements, substantially as set forth. Both of those claims have been finally rejected. The position of the Examiner is stated in the following quotation from the official action of November 18, 1908; *\ Examiner cannot see that the claims remaining / in this case express anything more than the function 1 or operation of the devices referred to in such claims, and the claims must be rejected accordingly. It seems if there must be patentable matter, that it must reside in the apparatus by' which the alleged method is performed and not in the merecr function or operation of the structure.” 1 -3- Hoy. 28, 1911. In considering the rejection of the Examiner, T wish to direct your attention to the following claims taken from U, S. Patent No.. 950,226,whlch patent covers the apparatus embodying the process set forth in this application. "1. A phonographic sound recording apparatus, comprising in combination a diaphragm, a stylus connected therewith, and means for imposing a resistance to the movements of the dia¬ phragm away from the recording surface, said resistance increasing with the amplitude with acceleration throughout the whole of each of such movement of considerable amplitude, substantially as set forth. 3. A phonographic sound recording apparatus, comprising in combination a diaphragm, a recording stylus connected there¬ with, and means for causing the diaphragm in its movement away from the recording surface to develop friction and thereby retard the same, such retardation increasing with the amplitude, with acceleration throughout the whole of each of such movement with considerable amplitude, substantially as set forth. you will note that the statements in these claims describing the function of the resisting or retarding means are almost iia’eiittttoiitL with the alleged new steps in the rejected claims, and that no additional protection would be afforded us by the allowance of the claims in thiB application.. Vhether or not the rejected olaims cover patentable processes, seems to me very doubtful, especially in view Of the i olaims auotfid ahmrn from ITT* . tMl annta nn+nn+ . .. » the apparatus embodying the invention in question. An argument might be made that the alleged prooess involves the action of sound waves upon mechanical bodies^ for instance, diaphragms, and that this action is so complex, and the waves themselves so variable as regards amplitude, frequency of vibration and quality, that the recording thereof can hardly be considered a problem of mechanics, but rather one involving the molecular properties of the diaphragm and itB support. Or, it might be argued that the resistance against the movement of the dia¬ phragm away from the record surface might be imposed independently of mechanism. Personally, however, 1 think that neither of these arguments would appeal to the present Board of "Exam in ere - in-Chief. In view, therefore, of the breadth of the apparatus claims and the doubt as to whether the rej ec ted- claims cover patentable processes, I recommend that this application be dropped. I have discussed this oase with Ur. Holden, and he, too, thinks it should be dropped. Folio No. .. .Mo*.. . Serial Applicant. • Address. Ass’g’t Exec JL^..i-/^....Recorded iber.^..;£o...Page....^..^.s5 " , . P atent Issued Serial No Applicant. [S Title. Examiner’s Room No. .. Assignee . Ass’g’t Exec . Recorded ... llafLO.: 16 . 1 7 ... FRANK L DYER, Counsel, ORANGE. NEW JERSEY petition ®o tfje Commissioner of patents: Pour petitioner thomas a, Edison a citijen of tije fHniteb States, resi&ins anti fjabing a Post Office abbress at Llewellyn Park, West Orange, New Jersey praps tfjat letters patent map be granteb to Ijim for tlje improbements in SOUND REPRODUCING APPARATUS Set fortf) in tfje annexeb Specification; anb ije fjerebp appoints Jfranfe H. ©per (Registration J?o. 560), of ©range, JSeto JerSep, fjis attornep, toitfj full potoer of substitution anb rebocation, to prosecute tfjis application, to make alterations anb amenbments tljerein, to receibe tfje patent, anb to transact all business in tfje Patent ©ffice connecteb tfjerebiitfj. SPEC I I I 0 A 1 X 0 H TO All WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: BE IT KNOWN, that I, THOMAS A. EDISON, a citizen of the United States and a resident of Llewellyn Park, West Orange, in the County of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented oertain new and useful Improvements in SOUND REPRODUCING APPARATUS, of which the following is a description: My invention relates to means for reproducing sound from a record of the same upon a traveling tablet, and also to improvements in disc records adapted to he used in connection with my improved reproducing apparatus. The object of my invention iB to provide a novel form of sound record and a novel form of reproducing apparatus which is propelled along the record in accordance with which the reproducing styluB is vibrated by the co-action of a feeding device integral with or connected to the sound box with a groove or track formed on the record sur¬ face parallel to the sound groove. Other objects of my invention will appear in the following specification and appended claims. My invention is particularly adapted to the feeding of a sound box carrying a diaphragm or other vi¬ bratory means and the reproducing stylus for vibrating the latter across the spiral grooves of a disc sound record, (1) although it may he adapted to correspondingly feed the same parts transversely of the record grooves formed on the surface of a revolving cylinder. Also, my invention is particularly applioahle for use in connection with the reproduction from a sound record, the sound undulations of which are of the vertical or "hill end valley" type, although it may also he used in connection with a record having lateral undulations. It has not been feasible heretofore to propel the stylus along the spiral track of a record having vertical undulations formed upon a disc or other record without surface the use of a mechanical feed device of some nature. It is common in the case of diBC records having lateral undulations to vibrate the stylus by and in accordance v/ith the undulations and to propel the stylus along the record solely by means of the engagement of the stylus itself v/ith the record groove. In the case of a record having vertical undulations, however, the walls of the record groove are so sloping that it is extremely difficult to keep the stylus within the groove while feed¬ ing the stylus by engagement v/ith the walls of the groove. I overcome these difficulties and obviate the necessity for using an independent mechanical feed by forming a spiral feeding groove having no sound undulations im¬ pressed upon the same upon the Burface of the record and parallel to the spiral grooves of the record. I pro¬ vide the sound box with an arm carrying a spring, pressed pin having a bearing surface which engages v/ithin the feeding groove, while the reproducing stylus engages v/ithin the record groove. When the diso or other record (2) ia rotated, the sound box ie fed across the record by the engagement of the feeding device with the feeding groove as described. Referring to the accompanying drawings, illus¬ trating one embodiment of my invention, Figure 1 repre¬ sents a partial plan view of the same; and Figure 2 a corresponding side elevation. Referring to the drawings, the sound box J1 is carried by the tone am 2 which is pivoted in the well known manner as shown at £. Preferably, the stylus 4 1b carried by stylus lever £, which is pivotally connected in any well known manner to the floating weight _6, the tail of stylus lever £ being connected to the diaphragm or other vibratory means carried by the sound box, all of these parts being well known. Sound box 1 has an am 2 formed thereon parallel to the surface of the record <8, and having a pin 2 carried in any suitable manner and extending downwardly from the end of the arm. Record £[ has sound grooves 10 formed thereon in a spiral and feed¬ ing or non-record-bearing grooves 11 also formed thereon and parallel thereto as shown in the drawings. As illus¬ trated in the drawings, the sound record grooves are formed on the outer portion of the disc, and the feed grooves 11 between the sound record grooves and the center of the disc. Feeding needle £ is so placed that when stylus 4 is engaged within one of the grooves of the sound record, feeding stylus £ engages one of the grooves 11. Feeding stylus £ and reproducing stylus 4 are lo- (5) cw.ted at approximately tins same distance from f'.he pivotal point £ about which tone am 2 swings, so that they "both travel along the same arc 12 described about pivot £ as a center. Preferably, feeding stylus £ is mounted within a hollow boss 1£ extending downwardly from the end of am £. Hosdle £ is mounted within this bond 1£, and haB a flange 14 formed thereon sliding within the boss. A spiral spring 3J3 is mounted within the bo.us between flange 14, and the sleeve 16 whioh is mounted in the upper end of boss 3£ and through which needle £ extends. Bleeve l6 may be screw threaded within the upper end of boss 1£ and provided with knurled head 1£ for adjusting the tension of spring 1£. It is, however, obvious that feeding stylus £ might be mounted upon the end of am £ in any other oonveniont way to be spring pressed toward the surface of the record, as by meanB of a leaf spring. The spiral grooves 10 and 11 are shown as formed to feed the sound box outv/ardly from tlio center, but it is obvious that if desired they might be formed to feed the sound box from the outside of the record toward the center. Having now described my invention, what I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is as follows: In sound reproducing apparatus, the combination of a traveling surfaoe having a sound record formed there¬ on in a spiral groove and having a parallel spiral feeding groove, vibratory means free to be moved across the record surfaoe and vibrated in accordance with the sound undu¬ lations of the record, and feeding meanB engaging within (4) the\ feeding groove and connected to propel the vibratory means in accordance with the contour of the feeding groove, substantially as described. / §. In sound reproducing apparatus, the combination of a traveling surface having a sound record formed there¬ on in a spiral groove and a. parallel spiral feeding groove, j a reproducing stylus Bhaped for engagement with said record groove, vibratory means and connections between the same and said styluB, a sound box carrying said vibra- | tory means, and free to be moved across the record sur¬ face,' and a spring pressed pin shaped for engagement with said feeding groove and conneoted to propel said sound box in accordance with the contour of the feeding groove, substantially as described. ; 3. As a new article of manufacture, a disc sound record formed of suitable material and having a record groove formed spirally on the surface thereof and a feeding groove also formed in a parallel spiral on the surface thereof, substantially as described. 4. As, a, new article of manufacture, a disc sound record formed of suitable material and having a record groove formed spirally on the surface thereof and a feed¬ ing groove also\f ormed in a parallel spiral on the sur¬ face thereof nearer the center of the disc than the said record groove, substantially as described. ®fjfe Specification Signeb anb toitneSSeb tljis^-- bap ©atb* g>tate of Jleto Sfesep | Count? of CSSex j thomas a. edisoh , tfje afiofac nameb petitioner, being bulp Stoorn, beposes anb saps tfjat jje is a citizen of tfje ®niteb States, anb a resibent Of Llewellyn Park, West Orange, County of Essex, State of Hew Jersey tfjat fje berilp beliebes fjimSelf to be tfje original, first anb Sole inbentor of tfje improbements in SOUND REPRODUCING APPARATUS bescribeb anb claimeb in tfje nnnexeb Specification; tfjat fje boes not fenoto anb boes not beliebe tfjat tfje same tons eber fenohm or nseb before bis inbention or biscoberp thereof; or patenteb or bescribeb in anp printeb publication in the fHniteb States of America or anp foreign countrp before fjis inbention or biscoberp thereof, or more than ttoo pears prior to this application; or patenteb in anp countrp foreign to the fHniteb States on an application fileb more than ttoelbe months prior to this application; or in public use or on Sale in the ZHniteb States for more than ttoo pears prior to this application; anb that no application for patent upon Saib inbention has been fileb bp him or fjfe legal representatibes or assigns in anp foreign countrp. &toorn to anb SubScribeb before Jlotarp -public. notary pubuc.state of NEW JERSEY 3 — AGO. Dlv._._23 _ Room. j.h/d.-s."' Paper No . DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, United States Patent Office, WASHINGTON, D, C„ January 8,19,10. Thomas A. Edison, Care Prank L, Dyer, Orange, New Jersey , j Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER OFFfCB, JAN 8 1910 $$ '& ! r n . charge of your application, for Sound Reproducing Apparatus .filed -,eo. 8,1909,serial number 532,074 . Commistitmer of Patents. This application has "been duly examined. Claims 1 and 2 specify sound reproducing apparatus* Claims 3 and 4 specify a record tablet. As a distinction is acknowledged in the manufacture, invention and sale of these articles, division is required according to the provisions of Rule 42 . In amending this case, applicapt^should consult i Goold, April 9, 1901, #671, ^3, (181-3) Clark, May 10,1904, #759,348,(181-5); English patent to Edison, April 24, 187 8, #1644, and English patent to Adams -Randall, Jan. 21, 1889, #1,050^ ¥ HI THE UNITED STATES PATENT OPE ICE Thomas A. Edison : SOUND REPRODUCING APPARATUS : Room No. 379. Piled December 8, 1909 : Serial Ho. 552,074 : HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS SIR: In response to Office action of January 8, 1910, please amend this case as follows :- Cancel Claims 1, 3 and 4 and renumber Claim 2 as Claim 1. Add the follov/ing claims :- 2. In sound reproducing apparatus, the combination of a traveling surface having a sound record formed there¬ on in a spiral groove and a parallel spiral feeding groove, a reproducing stylus shaped for engagement with said record groove, vibratory means and connections between the same and said stylus, a sound box oarrying said vibra¬ tory means, and free to bg moved across the record sur- for face, a pin _ - engagement v/ith said feeding groovy, a spring for pres^rfg said pin into said last named groove, and means for ad¬ justing the tension of said spring, substantially as de¬ scribed. (1) 5. In sound reproducing apparatus, the combination of a traveling surface having a sound record formed there¬ on In a spiral groove and a parallel spiral feeding groove, a reproducing stylus shaped for engagement with said record groove, vibratory means and connections between the same and said stylus, a sound box carrying said vibra¬ tory moans, and free to be moved aoross the record sur¬ face, a pin having an annular flange c4>nnetrfcwd~v7li;h^Bald ss.undbox-and Bhaped for engagement with said feeding . y. / ,/ /; . •■/ < c - . . •• -/ •• - ■ '/• • ' . ' groovOj, a Bplral spring engaging said flange and press¬ ing said pin into said last named groove, and means for adjusting the tension of said spring, substantially as described. REMARKS The above amendment complies with the require¬ ment for division made in the last Office action. Claim 1 has been canceled and two new claims have been added. These new claims, as well as present Claim 1, include as an element of the combination a spring pressed pin for engagement with the guiding groove. This feature is not shown in any of the patents of record, and it is therefore thought that ail the claims now in the case should be allowed. Respectfully submitted, THOMAS A. EDISON By v~^. His Attorney Orange, Nov/ Jersey December/^ , 1910. v f DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ^ /UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON January 21,1911- Thomas A, Fid i non, , Care frank L. Tver, •! Orange, Wow Jersey . j ' r |gj] f are 'Edison laboratory. I .# A j * r q J JJZeas« find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application,. 532 07*4nd RoprodU'°-lnK ^PP* , filed Deo- 8,1909, serial number Commissioner of Patents, This action is responsive to the amendment filed Beo* 16,1910. The use of "parallel" in line 3 of each olaim, is objectionable as inaccurate . Two. 'spiral grooves, one within the other* c^cahnot properly be said to be parallel one to the other. All of the claims are rejected upon the references of record or French patent #368,914, Bee- 21,1906, (181-5), or English patent to Von Madaler,Nov. 2 4 , 1 89 9 , #23 ,1^9^ ( 1 81 - £) or Austrian patent to Broe,#8995, Sept. 10,1902, (I8I-5), in view of Terrell, March 13,1906, #815,°233, ( 159, Engraving Machines), v/hich latter patent shows it to be common to use a spring pressed follower. See also Konigstein,Nov. 14,1905, #804^477. The roller 12 will, assist in feeding the reproducer • No Invention can be seen in substituting the conventional spring pressed pin, in place of the fixed pin of the references cited, in view that spring pressed followers xi3dfc are old in the engraving art. An adjustable follower is shown in Bree. P.1,. DyerSsc:., Oronfo, IT.J., ".C,.A. ^ Dear Kir, re Key/ Jersey Patent Oo . a/o ■ Your letter oi' the 21st ultimo is to hand, hut •;/ o reyret to inform, you that the British Patent Specification So. S3 ,497 of 1G9? is out of print. ri’o obtain copies a special reprint will have to he ordered, and we await your instructions should you wish a reprint obtained. Ilf THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. THOMAS A. EDISON, ) SOUND REPRODUCING ) APPARATUS, Room No.' 379. ) Filed December 8, 1909,^ Serial No. 532,074. ) HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, S I R: In response to Offioe action of January 21, 1911, please amend the above entitled case as follows: In line 8, claim 2, cancel "connected with said sound box and", and in line 9, same claim, after "groove" insert - and connected to propel 3aid sound box across said surface in accordance with the contour of said feeding groove - . In lineB 8 and 9, claim 3, cancel "connected with said sound box and" and in line 10, same claim, aft or "groove" insert - and connectod to propel Baid sound box across said surface in accordance with the contour of said feeding groove - . REMARKS Referring to the objection of the Examiner, to the word "parallel" in line 3 of the claims, it is thought that this word is correotly used. The distance of any point on the feeding groove from the corresponding point or the record groove is constant for the whoie length of these grooves- It is this meaning which the applicant wishes to convey by the use of the word "jjarallel". The claims have been rejected on tho ground that "Ho invention can ho seen in substituting tho conventional spring pressed pin, in place of the fixed pin of the referen¬ ces oite.i, in view that spring pressed followers ore old in the engraving art", tho patent to Terrell being cited from the engraving art to slum a spring pressed pin. This patent relates to .a distinct art from that of the applicant's device, and there is no suggestion in any of the references of the substitution of such a spring pressed pin for the fixed pin disclosed in the phonograph references of record. The employment of a fixed following pin is objectionable be¬ cause the commonly found unevenness of the record surface, that is the departure thereof from a true plane or cylinder renders impossible the accurate tracing of the feeding and record groovos by the feeding pin and the sound box stylus when such a pin is used. In applicant's structure, thiB defect is overcome by tho employment of a spring pressed pin; and applicant has thereby produced a more efficiently operating device than those shown in the references. Furthermore, even the substitution of the spring pressed pin of Terrell for tho fixed pin shown in the other references would not produce the structure set forth in claimo 2 and 3. Both of these claims specify means for ad¬ justing the tension of the spring. Ho such means is shown by tho references; and in Terrell's device the tension of the spring varies by a large amount aB the follower moveB towards or away from the centre of the pattern. Claim 3 furthormoro differentiates from the references by specify¬ ing "a pin having an annular flange". Applicant's structure as claimed is cleaV.ly not suggested by the references and possesses advantages not possessed by tho structures shown by the latter. For this 2 reason, it is bolieved. that the claims are patentable and should be allowed. Re oonsi deration and allowance are accordingly respectfully requested. Respectfully submitted, Orange, Hew Jersey, THOMAS A. EDI 3 OH, January 1912- J,7f.D.-S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON . 9,19X3, Thomas A. !'», looted upon thp references of record or M{iodonuld,rrov^L4,1911f #1,000, 505, or Trench patent to Wilokerj*' at, al. ,#4.75, 133, Hov. 6,1908, (161-5), or German patnnt #166,536, (181-5). It, is noted that Adame Randall was wrong}# oited in the first offioe action. ’.Che correct number la #10,E>8 of 1089. Invention ia not found in applying any spring pressed tracing pin to the references oited auhh a3 is shown in Terroll of record or Dias, Juno 8,1909, #984,^39, (159-Puntographio) , in place of the tracing pins employed, especially in view that Go old of record shows a pin that will yield to irregularities and that Kaodonald shows the pin spring pressed into engagement . It is not seen that any new functi on is given the spring pressed pin in the talking machine structure other than what it has in the engraving machine structure . Claim 2 is rej ectod upon tho references and for the reasons above given. Invention is not found in making the pin adjustable in view tha-. it is old to meke tbo guide pin adjustable as in the: referen- i,rj£J . n. oes of record. Claim 3 ia rejected upnn the references arid for the masons above g ivcn. Applicant hm '■ oflljr : employed a very common form of spring presHed pin and invention i-3 not found in substituting such in the plaoo of the structure cited, see Konigstein as an example of the type of pin employed by applicant . ; Folio No. 587 Serial No Applicant. Address. . /. . Title . . . . Filed....^^£*&l*^ Examiner’s Room No . Assigm , *L U2a£3ZZjfc..Qt^ u ~7 . “““ . . . . . ly P Ass’g’t ExecZ2^.yA.-/.^Recorded.^^.7/.'j..^.f/.Xiber....^.:.wr.....Page..^..5If?..... Patent NQ. J./JJ...QrJ£££ Issued ACTIONS. 1 6 . A-fa3 t^e t»^ c^-4 S' 1**+^ — _ Qstx^ t^j c^/% - Dc4J ^ o^lc —^jjdt*~^. *<^0 w— . 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L ^ - eUjflf ^Lcrt -Cf“(3£L-J-& • CO^Ct t(u^UA. ^ CC-la^Jla^P «• , -U)^cQj^ 1 c7 1 - e£-*-> w«~cc - -B^w t-<-»- f^L z&'gju, -p -^^>^-.>1 - s> — k? _ e*~(>cj*ct‘ 5 L'CuA^-a tvgu-«,g-«a-tct.<»ic^ cat-. t_^i CLg-t^-g-^ zj/y-o-fSt*^ \r€LtA~& _ _ tF ^«-Y leAC ^•'^TT t-<-^ z-Fo-e^ petition Co tfje Commissioner of patents: gour petitioner thouas a. Edison a citijen of tfje Uniteb States, resibing anb Ijabing a Post ©fficc abbress at Llewellyn Park, Weot Orange, Essex County, New Jersey praps tfjat letters patent map be granteb to Ijim for tlje improbements in CAN OR RECEPTACIE set fortfj in tlje annexeb specification; anb tie fjerebp appoints jfranb JL. ©per (Pegistration J2o. 560), of ©range, i?eto STerSep, fjis attornep, fcuitfj full potoer of substitution anb rebocation, to prosecute tljis application, to malic alterations anb amenbments tfjerein, to receibe tlje patent, anb to transact all business in tlje Patent ©ffice connecteb tfjeretoitfj. SPECIFICATION . TO AH. WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: BE IT KNOWN, that I, THOMAS A. EDISON, a oitizen of the United States and a resident of Llewellyn Parle, West Orange, New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful CAN OR RECEPTACLE, of which the following is a description: My invention relates to metallic cans or reoept- aoleB particularly adapted for containing storage batteries of the iron-nickel type with alkaline eleotrolyte invented by me. My invention is an improvement upon that dis¬ closed in Letters Patent No. 861,242, granted to me July 23, 1907, and my object is to provide an improved can or receptacle of the character specified, as a nev/ article of manufacture, and to provide a suitable process for manufacturing the same. The invention disclosed in my patent above re¬ ferred to comprised a thin-sheet-Bteel nickel-plated corrugated can, having a welded side seam and top and bottom members also welded in position within the opposite ends of the body of the oan. The welded joints referred to overcame the difficulties which had been experienced in the caBe of joints made with solder, in which the joints sometimes became affected by looal electrolytic action between the solder and adjaoent metallic surfaces, so that (1) they were no longer liquid and gas tight. The nickel plating adjaoent to the welded joints, however, is injured hy the welding prooeBB, leaving the Bteel unprotected, and since the lower surfaces of the canB are apt to he wet, the joint "between the body and the bottom, and the lower por¬ tion of the Bide seam of the body, may become oxidized, and therefore leaky, eleotrojytio aotion between the lower portions of adjacent cans tending to hasten this oxidation. Therefore, and according to my present invention, 1 plate an extra coating of nickel upon the welded joint between the bottom and the body and the lower portion of the side seam of the body to protect the same. This can best be done by holding the welded can with its lowor portion im¬ mersed in a plating bath and plating a suitable coating thoreupon. I find this to be the best method by which to make a receptacle of the character described which remains permanently tight under the hard conditions to which it is subjected. Attention is hereby directed to the accompany?- ing drawings forming part of this specification, illus¬ trating a can or receptacle embodying my invention and made according to ray improved prooeBB. In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a storage battery can or receptacle shown partly in cross section; and Figure 2 represents an enlarged sectional detail of the welded joint between the can body and bottom protected by an eleotrolytlo metallio deposit. Referring to the drawings, the body 1 of the can or receptacle is made of a very thin sheet metal, Buch as steel, carefully nickel-plated. To provide for the neoessary stiffness, corrugations 2 may be formed upon the faces of the can. The body 1 is preferably formed with a side seam which is welded and turned down as described ;■ jl in my patent above referred to. The welding may he ao- compli shed either by means of the flame of an oxy-aoetylene burner, or by means of the progression of a rotating car¬ bon, as desoribed in mjr patent Ho. 847,746, granted Haroh 19, 1907 » on by other suitable means. The top of the oan may be flanged and seoured within the top of the body 1 ty a welded joint as described in my patent Ho. 861,242 above referred to. The bottom 4 is provided with a down-turned flange jj, and is welded in position within the lower end of the body JL in the manner desoribed in my patent Ho. 861,242, the welding being accomplished in the same manner as described in connection with the side seam jS, of body 3., the joint be¬ tween the flange Jj, and the lower end of body _1 being in j praotice usually welded for only a Bhort distanoe upward from the lower edge of the joint. When the bottom has been welded in position, the lower end of the oan is placed in an electro-plating bath, whereby a metallic deposit _6 preferably of nlcfcel, is formed about the welded joint £ and upon the lower surface of the bottom 4 and the adjacent exterior surface of body 1. By this means the joint £ and the lower portion of Beam J5 are rendered permanently tight and are protected against oxidation. After the heavy ooating described has been deposited upon the lower portion of the oan, the whole oan may be lowered into the plating bath, and given a light plating all over, or if desired, the oan may be given a heavy coating all over, all in one operation. (5) Having now described my invention, what I claim and desire to protect by letters Patent 1b aB follows: A metallic can or receptacle comprising a body and a f fahged__bottqm, both 'formed of plated metal, said bottom being welded tS- .body along the edge of its flange, and an' electrolytic depoolC~~oi^Mtal being formed Co¬ upon the weldod'joint; substantially aB described'; 2. A metallic can or receptacle comprising two plated parts, one of which is provided with a flange, a V/3//3 \ , welded t-joint being formed\ between the edge of said flange * \ and said other part, and a\film of metalAplated upon Baid/ joint to protect the same, \substantially as described. 3. A metallic oan or Receptacle comprising a body having a welded side seam, and a bottom with a downwardly extending flange within the lower end of said body, both said body and bottom bein^ formed of nickel-plated metal, said bottom being welded to the body along the lower edge Xp- •/«.«- -yXk.Jf- b/x//3 of said flange^, and a6co'ating of nickel being formed uponA ^ said weld’ecl joint, the lower portion of said side seam, and the adjacent surfaces of the bottom and body, i escribed. stantially as dpscril The process of making a metallic can or recept¬ acle, ooWLsting in forming a body portion o& plated motal, Inserting a'flanged bottom of plated metal within one end of the samey welding the bottom to the body along the lower edge of the 'bottom flange, placing the lower end of the body portion with the bottom welded thereto in a plat¬ ing bath, and plating a metallic deposit upon the welded joint between the bottom and the body and upon the ad- (4) jaoent surfaces of the hody and the bottom, substantially i described. \The process of malting a metallic can or reoept- .sting in forming a body portion of plated metal and welding a side seam therein, inserting a flanged bot¬ tom of plated Vetal within one end of the said body, welding the botoom to the body along the lower edge of the bottom flange}, placing the lower end of the body portion with the bottom welded thereto in a plating bath, and plating a metallic deposit upon the welded joint be¬ tween the bottom and the body, the lower portion of the side seam, and upon the adjacent surfaces of the body and the bottom, substantially eb described. V'V HHjis specification signed anb toitnesseb tin's ieal]^) Rotary public. The claims in this application oover two separate and dis¬ tinct inventions and are examinable in different divisionsof the Office. Claims 1 to 3 are specific to a metallic can while claims 4 and 5 are drawn to a process for making a can and protecting the welded Joint hy a metallic deposit.. Division will therefore be re¬ quired between these two sets of olalrne . The following references are cited aB an aid in amending:--^ EdiBon, V/861,242, Jul. 23, 1907, 220 - 5, Warner, A//749.763, Jan. 19, 1904, 27 a lfi Metten, £/901,115, Oct. 13, 1908, 204 - A. B. C. li. Examiner, Division 3. Ilf THE UHITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Thomas A. Edison ) GAIT OR RECEPTACLE j Filed May 24, 1910 ) Serial No. 563,041 j Room No. 175. HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, SIR: In response to the Office letter of June 10, 1910, please amend the above entitled oase as follows Cano el Claims 4 and 5. REMARKS This amendment is made in oomplianoe with. the requirement of division contained in the Offioe letter of June 10 , 1910. Applicant reserves the right to file a divisional application covering the prooess. Action on the merits of the olaims remaining in the oase is requested. Respeotfully submitted, THOMAS A. EDISON, By _ Orange, New Jersey June , 1911. HiB Attorney DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON June .17 , -1911. Thomas A. Edison, /■ . \ c/o Prank L. Hyer, | ... j) Orange, U. J. v'--- Please find below a communication front, the EXAMINER in charge of your application. 563,041 filed Nay 24, 1910 for Oan The claimE ore rejected on either Edison, 861,242 of record or the patent to Burke, 3422, (Br.) of 1869, (220-1) as there is no invention in coating the joint of either of the patents with an electrolytic deposit of nickel, or the entire Body ff desired, in view of V/arncr of record.. Nickel is well known as a coating to prevent rusting of a metal body and there 1b therefore no invention in applying an electrolytic deposit of this particular metal. Examiner i 120715 ICE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNiTED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON June 23, 1911. Mr* Frank I, Dyer, Orange , Hew Jersey. Sir:- Your twelre coupons dated the 19th instant were received hy this office, and ten of the copies of patents desired mailed to you today. The exhausted copy will he reproduced and mailed to you. The other coupon is returned herewith, as the office is unable to identify the patent desired from the data called for thereon. Patent Ho. 3,422 was issued on February 2, 1844, to J. B. Coffin, for a Washing Machine. Honor ab Is Commissioner of Patents, Hashington, D.C. SIR! - In paper llo. 4 in an application of Thomas A. Edison, entitled CAN OR RECEPTACLE, filed May 84, 1910, Serial Ho. 563,041, you advise me that the claims "are rejected on either Edison, 861,343 of record or the patent to Burke, 3433, (Br.) of 1869, ($20-1)". I have ordered the patent of this number and the year given, and in your letter Ho. 130715 you advise me that you ore unable to identify the patent, and state that patent No. 3433 issued to J.B. Coffin, dated February 3, 1844. I will be obliged if you will kindly advise me the correct citation in the above entitled application. Reopsotfully, ARK. General Counsel. In resjapnse to amendment of July 28, 1914. The claim ie rejeoted on the references for the reasons of record. Since thio claim is the same in ocopc as claims previously considered and rejected, thio rejection is made final. Examiner. June 25, 1915 Mr. Edison: POLIO 600 - CAN OR RECEPTACLE This application relates to a metal storage battery can having the bottom welded to the body portion and having an electrolytically deposited coating of nickel upon the welded portion applied subsequent to welding. The claim has been finally rejected. The can itself is shorn to be old in your prior patent Ho. 861,242, and it is not believed that there is anything patentable in the present application in view of the common practice of nickel plating metal articles. Other patents oited showman iron barrel the top and bottom welded in place and coated on the interior with tin or zinc^anil'a ^as^formed of metal coated members secured together in any suitable manner, as by nails or screws, and an electro-deposit of metal, such as nickel, over the exterior including the joints. We do not think we would be successful in securing the allowance of the claim on appeal, and recommend dropping the case. HL-JS Folio No...$®£. Applicant. Serial No Address. ...U., {;!i: Ass’g’t ExecasA^..^uiulRecorded.S^J:^J^IJber3k^ . Pagein . II - • y\;: Patent No.A^?I\£b,to)^r)u Issued....Ck)s^Nrf^ ACTIONS. . /ai'.../s..Lz^. 20 ... ^^^.... C-en\ gy&JtZ-R** ^OtvweiJ C> MEMORANDUM Hr. Dyer Smith: 4/26/10. I hand you herewith memorandum from Hr. Edison on the subject of now applications, which I wish you would taka right up for preparation. I think tho second point has boon covered, except possi¬ bly the specific suggestion of using bismuth with a nickel hydroxide in alkaline electrolyte containing lithia. jiy rocolloction is that tho use of bismuth and lithia are covered in separate patents, ^r.' Edison may bo able to give reasons why the tv/o oo-operate so as to warrant a combination claim. 1 think tho third paragraph has also boon covered, but (2) am not sure. Tho fourth suggestion has been covered in at least one patent. Tho eighth suggestion has also been covered. Find out from Hr. Edison what the new phonograph appli¬ cations are. and go right ahead with their preparation. You will note that he brings up again the question of using Boron as a material for reproducing point. FLD/lVriV p. 1. p. •4T Enc- Folio No.. _ - "P1- — . . " . d . : . W-i Title . Examiner’s Room No. .. Assignee....£a^£*-*^^.. .5^^ . (2^. . . Ass’g’t Exec..^^,.ay^.^... Recorded (Zy,M(jtf. . Liber... Pag Patent No ../*.././£..J^.&3 Issu 1 1 6 ... 2 1 7 ... 31..&&U 18 4 ,.CX»aaA^^<^^-^^’- /3. /%t if- . 1 9 ,. 5 J^kutJZ 4^......^.MaP&~..)» |2-£g».fefc et^TCa. TAx»-T~«uW|.«- :az: _ — 0 A*^arc£^ f^rf — 1e_ K.uc^(LcCL SCcLf^aSt .... L=^ ^ \,/s ' / /J rJrrrr m*^/l /) | ■ \ fj ^ - ~ l^o CL^cs, GJLsk.a*£-‘-*^-c. ^ ^ <*- ' rfe ^q^l7 ..0^<«CC 6*2. vmhi <2 c^GZZt~’. V ' 1 - &jL&- Cc^-oi-t-'ojCr t^u. ')vu'-*.LAA_ri o _ I^i2^ <5^g!4»g^ yiv C-kj^iu. p yt^rp ta-fcU ^Qy< \^3^Sr CAi'S-dCL &-& <=>-• /-|L^ rtJk&. (k SZ$C L<~— (_/ St*~~~LL* W^-rt-J^dy 1 _ _ ■” . [X^ /U^ <^- *v^ «l pCK£ 3r*~* O -V«»-W - — o. Vtw-H ^-k /*<*? .1 . ^ J^.\.cv.^.\.c\15 25 ... 1 1 . . .IV^r ..^.tv.l..^ IJ26 .. 1 /42 7 ... 13 . .m . .’..i . .2^.c^.i.....V).^,t.o,..!..sof numerous sections resiliently supported upon the rim of the ..wheel, thus permitting the sections to take up various posi¬ tions eo that, for instance, -when a small stone or other ir¬ regularity in the road is passed over, these movable tread sections will conform to the contour of any small object 1. which may be encountered with little or no effect on the wheel itself. These sections are sufficiently numerous and are so disposed that several of them are at all times in oontact with the road and serve colleotively to secure the resilient support of the wheel with its load. With s' this arrangement, when an object is encountered which is so small that it oontaots with less than the entire number of tread sections neoeBsary to support the weight of the wheel and its load, the effect will be merely to cause the small number of sections contacted to yield to an increased ex- /o tent with substantially no resulting displacement of the wheel or vehicle. With the above and related objects in view, my invention consists in the rnrts, improvements and combina¬ tions of elements hereinafter described and claimed. if Tn the drawings forming a part of this specifica¬ tion, Figure 1 is a longitudinal, sectional view taken pn line 1 — 1, Figure 2, of a fragment of a vehicle '"heel n view of (iiie Figure 3 is h cross-sectional view taken on the line 3 — 3, Figure 2; and Figure 4 is a side elevational view of a portion of(* tAj Autwf wheel embo^iy-i-ng— mry-4-iwe-n 1. i o n-andj s h o w i ng the same in contact with^an obstacle in the road. 20 Reference numeral 1_ indicates the rim of the wheel which is hollow and which preferably comprises an inner portion £, an outer portion ;? and side portions 4, _4, which may be autogenously welded to the inner and outer portions 2, and ,3. The outer portion J3 of the wheel rim is provided 2 with openings j3 , 5,, and in these openings are reo&i'ved the movable tread sections 6, 6. In the drawings I ha vg\ shown three rows of tread sections 6, but a greater or less) number of rows of such sections ray be used as will be understood;-. These tread sections are preferably arranged in staggered relation, as shown, for the better distribution of the load upon the road surface and to afford a substantially contin¬ uous tread for the wheel. V* The tread sections 6, which are made of metal and preferably of the best quality of case hardened steel, comprise heads 7. and shanks 8 which are screw threaded at the ends opposite the heads 7. The under surfaces of the heads 7, DTe reoessed at 9 to provide a seat for receiving the end of powerful coil springs ,10, and the shanks 8 are rasped through openings 11. in the inner portion £ of the rim in line with the openings 5, in the outer rim portion 3, and after:. the eeotions 6 and springs .10 are in place, nuts 13, are secured upon the threaded shanks 8. Any con¬ venient form of nut look may be used to prevent rotation of the nuts on the shanks, cotter pins 14, being illustrated . for thin purpose in the drawings. dashers .15, which may be of ordinary red fibre, are provided between the nuts K5 and the inner rim portion and in order to deadpn the sound d’ e to recoil 1 may provide a covering of canvas or similar material lj3 on the inner surface of the- inner por¬ tion 2 of the rim, and in such case the opcnlnsspll are made to pass through the strip of canvas as well\ae through the portion 8. of the rim. With this construction' Hhe sep¬ arate trend sections may readily be removed from 1:li^\wheel‘ J - . P; ] V. 3 ■ W-Mf- I I for repair or replacement, it being necessary merely to screw off the nut 13. of the section it ie desired to re¬ move when the section can be taken out. The nut 13. is also uecd as a means of adjustment to control the degree of spring, tension upon the tread sections 6 and the amount of their projection from the wheel rim ns will be readily understood The operation of the wheel in use ie clearly shown in Figure 4 of the drawing. When a vehicle -rovided with wheels such as 1 have described ie run over a smooth read, ns the tread sections of the wheel come in contact with the road surface they are pressed inward toward the centre of the wheel against the outward pressure of the springs 10, and afford a yielding support for the wheel upon the road surface in substantially the same way as in the case of a ■•'•heel equipped with the well kno-n pneumatic rubber tire, the number of seotions which give to the read pressure being controlled by the degree of tension under which the springe 10 are put by means of the nuts K3. , ^hen small obstacles, such as stones, Rre encountered the resulting jolt is principally taken up in forcin- the tread sections 6, which are struck by the obstacle, into their seats in the wheel rim, and but little or none of the jolt ot\dis turbance is communicated to the wheel itself and by it to1- the vehicle. Having now described my invention, what 1 .'claim ia:- "(.tate of iicto fersep Countp of (EsSjScx ihomas a. edisoit , tfje abobc nameii petitioner, being bulp staiorn, beposes anb Saps tijat ije is a citijen of tfje ©nitcb States, anb a reslibent Of Hewelljm Park, ’Vest Orange, in the County of ' ^asex and State of flew Jersey tijat ije berilp beliebeS himself to be tije original, first anb Sole inbentor of tfje improbements in VEHICLE WHEELS besctibeb anb claimeb in tfje annexeb Specification; tijat ije boeS not fenob) anb boeS not beliebe tijat tfje Same bias eber fenohm or useb before ijts inbention or biscoberp thereof; or patenteb or bescribeb in anp printeb publication in tfje Uniteb States of America or anp foreign countrp before i)is inbention or biscoberp tijereof, or more than tbao pears prior to tfjis application; or patenteb in anp countrp foreign to tfje IHniteb States on an application fileb more than ttoelbe months prior to tfjis application; or in public use or on Sale in tfje ©toiteb states for more than ttoo pears prior to this application; anb tijat no application for patent upon satb inbention ijaS been fileb bp bint or fjis legal representatibes or assigns in anp foreign countrp. g>toorn to anb subscribeb before me this bap of DEPARTMENT OF THE; INTERIOR LP/BY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON September 22, 1910. Thorae A. Edison, .1 C/o Prank L. Dyer, Orange N, J. Please find below a communication, from the EXAMINER in charge of yt Serial No. 579, 706, filed Auguet 30th, 1910. "Vehiole Wheeln" The line 1-1 should be placed on the drawing. Page 1, line 19, "effect*" should be defeota: line 20, "which " should be that. “Page 2, line* 19 and 20, the brief deacription of Pig. 2 ia objected to. The "fragme nt"illuatrated ia greater than that shown in Pig. 1. Claim* 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 10 arerejeoted upon any of the following referenoes:- l ° Murrey 927,578 July 13, 1909 152-28 Rim. / o Pankboner 865,028 Sept. 3, 1907 152-28 J. o Bunker 819,039 May 1, 1906 152-8 4 fBozarth 945,688 Jan. 4, 1910 152-8 V o Kimball 816,666 April 3,1906 152-28 J/ «WiOks 889,077 May 26,1908 152-28 / » Alloati 863,827 Aug. 20,1907 152-8 , ^British 13,443 of 1905 152-8 -II °Bri tiah 22,203 of 1904 152-28 X J “British 34 of 1893 152-28 Rim Claim* 6, 7, 9, 13 and 14 are rejeo ted upon Murrey, ffioka, Alloati, or any of the foreign reference* oit$d againat Claim 1, Claim 11 is rejected upon Murrey or Wicks, cited. Claim 12 is rejeoted upon Murrey, oited, or Barnett 20,318' May 25, 1858 152-28 X Aset. Examiner Division 41-'. IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Filed August 30, 1910 Serial No. 579,706 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, In response to the Offioe notion of September 22, 1910, please amend the above entitled appli- Page 1, line 19,ohange "effeots" to - defeots ■ Page 2, lines 19 and 20, change "the fragment of the wheel shown in Figure 1" to • i portion of the said Same page, lines 22 and 23, ohange "a vehiole wheel embodying my invention" to - the said wheel - . Erase the claims and substitute the following :- 1 ° I lie 1. A vehiale wheel comprising a hollow rim having continuous. .s 1 d e portions, and outer and inner portions provided with^oppositely disposed openings, tread seotionn having heads slidably^and olosely fitting in the holes of the outer portion, and thanks slidably and olosely fitt¬ ing in the holes of the inner portion , resilient means , tending to foroe the tread seotionB outwardly, and means co-operating with the inner ends of the shanks for limit¬ ing the outward movement of the tread seotionB, sitbstan- tially as described. (1) t — '<>/?¥// c 2. A vehiole wheal oomprising a hollow rim having continuous side portions, and outer and inner portions pro¬ vided with oppositely disposed openings, the said portions heing autogenously welded together, tread seotions having heads slidably and olosely fitting in the holes of the outer portion and shanks slidably and olosely fitting in the holes of the inner portion, resilient means tending to force the tread seotions outwardly, and means co¬ operating with thinner ends of the shanks for limit¬ ing the outward movement of the tread seotions, substan¬ tially as described. \ 3. A vehiole wheel comprising a hollow rim having continuous side portions\and outer and inner portions provided with oppositely disposed openings, tread seotions having heads slidably end olosely fitting in the holes of the outer portion and shanks Slidably and olosely fitt¬ ing in the holes of the inner portion, resilient meanB tending to foroe the tread seotioiig outwardly, and adjust¬ able means for limiting the outward\moveraent of the tread seotions, substantially as desoribedX 4. A vehiole wheel comprising aNhollow rim having oontinuous side portions* and. outer and inner portions provided with oppositely disposed openings Xtha said por¬ tions being autogenously welded together, tread seotions having heads slidably and olosely fitting in the holes of. the outer portion and shanks slidably and oloseA fitt-. ing in the holes of the inner portion, resilient mbansT '"r tending to foroe the tread seotions outwardly, and adjust¬ able means for limiting, the outward movement of the tread seotions, substantially as desoribed. -A-- > (2) REMARKS 1 The references oited in thia applioation have been carefully oonBiaerea, and the new claims are believed to distinguish patentably from the prior art as diaoloaea by the eaid references. It is believed that applicant has devised a simpler ana more efficient structure than that disolosed in the references. The rim in applicant's wheel is composed of continuous side portions and of outer and inner portions in whioh the holes are always dosed by the heads and shanks of the tread sections. As a result the entranoe of dirt ana grit into the rim ohamber and into oontaot with the springs i a prevented. Furthermore, the rim may be formed of portions autogenously welded to¬ gether, ana a maximum strength with a minimum of material is thereby attained. In applicant's improved vehiole wheel, the members may be easily assembled and the tension of the springs ana position of the tread seotionB readily adjusted. Furthermore, the parts liable to be worn out may be easily replaced. In the patent to Kurrey, No. 927,587, the heads of the tread seotions do not fit olosely ip the holes in the outer portions of the rim, and thespririgB are exposed to the abrading and wearing influe no ob of the road mater¬ ial. In the structures shown in Fankboner, Bunker, Bozarth, Kimball, Wicks, Alloatti, British Patents Nob. 13,443 of 1905 and 22,203 of 1904, no adjustable means is disolosed for limiting the outward movement of the tread seotions, and these patents do not show tread seotion shanks extending through holeB in the inner portion of' the rim, and having means co-operating with the inner ends (3) of the shanks for limiting the outward movement of the tread seotiona, whereby the .adjustment disoussed above is rendered possible. In the British patent No. 13,443 of 1905, in order to remove the tread portions, the sideB of the rim must be removed, whioh -would render the use of an . .. autogenously Yielded rim out of the question in this struc¬ ture. Applicant's structure dearly has many meohanioal advantages over the structures shown in the patent to Barn¬ ett and in the British patent dTo. 34 of 1893. The pat¬ ent to Barnett does not show outer and inner rim portions in v/hioh the heeds and shanks of the tread sections fit olosely. The British patent No. 34 of 1893 doeB not show an enolosed rim portion and the entire spring struotuie is exposed to the deteriorating influences of the road ma¬ terial. Hone of the references disolosos a rim oomposed of continuous side portions and outer and inner portions autogenously welded together. Reconsideration and allowance are requested. Respectfully submitted, THOMS A. EDISON By _ ■ His Attorney Orange, New Jersey September IQ , 1911. IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Thomas A. Edison VEHICLE WHEELS Filed August 30, 1910 Serial No. 579,706 ) ) :) j Room No. 125 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, SIR: The Offioe Draughtsman is requested to apply the seotion line 1-1 to Figure 2 as indloated in red ink on the enolosed print. If there is any oharge for this servioe, please make it against the aooount of Frank L. Dyer, Orange, N. ,T. Respeotfully, THOMAS A. EDISON By ^ 1_ Orange, New Jersey September /J , 1911. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D. C. Sept. 25, 1911. Mr. Frank L. Dyer, Orange, K . J . Sir: / Referring to your order dated Sept; 19 , 19U. , for oorreotion of drawing in the application of Edison Serial No. 579706 , filed AUg. 30 , 1910, you are advised that the drawing was oorreoted and forwarded to the Examiner in oharge of the oase, on Sept. 25 , 1911 By direction of the Commissioner. Very respeotfully. Letter No. 177386 Chief Clerk., LJK-Fr DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON Nov. 19X1. Thomas A. Edison, c/o Frank L. Dyer, Orange, 1!.J. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. for "Vehicle Wheels" filed Aug. 30, 1910, Serial No. 579,706. In response to amendment filed Sep. 20, 1911. The oclaimo are rejeoted as unpatentable over Barnette of record, it being considered to be a/iftM&nical expedient to' substitute a hollow rim of welded sections for the rim shown in Barnett. Hurray of record, with the concentrically opposed openings in th< flanges 8 and 9 is considered to be the substantial equivalent of the device claimed. Examiner Division 41. Ill THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. Thomas A. Edison, ) VEHICLE WHEELS ) Filed A'ugunt 30, 1910 ) Serial No. 579,706 j Room Ho. .125 HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS. SIR: In response to the Office aotion of November 6, 1911, please amend the above entitled oaue as follows: Cancel claims 1 to 4 and insert the following claim: :: 1. . A vehicle wheel comprising a hollow rim having continuous side portions, and continuous outer and inner portions provided with oppositely disposed openings , the said portions being autogeneouBly welded together, tread sections having heads slidably and closely fitting in the holes of the outer portion and shanks slidably and closely fitting in the holes of the inner portion, resilient means enclosed by said rim and tending- to -force the tread seotlons outwardly, exposed adjustable means for limiting the outward movement of the tread seotionsand sound deadening means oarried by the inner portion of said rim for cooperation with said adjustable limiting means, substantially as described. REMARKS. It is submitted that the single specific claim presented in this amendment clearly and patentably die- j tinguishes from the references Barnett and Murrey. Neither of these references disoloaes a vehicle wheel having a hoTISw rim consisting of continuous outer and inner portions and continuous side portions autogeneously welded together. Nor do either of these references disclose a wheel having a hollow rim and resiliently mounted treads projecting through holeB- formed in the outer and inner portions of the rim, the projecting portions of the treads closely fitting the holes in the rim. Such a construction prevents the entrance of dirt or other injurious matter into the rim chamber, thus protecting the springs enclosed by the rim from the injurious effects which would result if such matter came into contact with the springs. In the construction described in the claim, easy acoess may bo had to the limiting means for adjusting the same. This is not true in the device disclosed by Barnett' as the nutB d are entirely enclosed by the ourved disos E to which arc also bolted the annular disos F. Therefore, in order to get at these nuts d, it would be necessary to The remove both the disos F and B. .Claim further differentiates from the references by the inclusion of the sound deadening means carried by the rim and cooperating with the adjust¬ able limiting means. It is not apparent how either of the devices disolosed by Murrey and Barnett could be modified in view of the other to produoe the construction described in the claim, without the exercise of invention. The device disclosed by the applicant 1b Bimple, efficient, and cheap to manufacture, and it is submitted that ha ia entitled to the protection afforded by the claim herewith presented. Very roapeotfully, THOMAS A. EDISON, By X-. _ His Attorney. Orange, Now Jersey October 24, 1912. LXE-Fr DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON Thomas A. Edison, 2, 1912. c/o Frank I. Dyor, Orange, N.J. Please find Mow a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. for "Vohiolo Y/heels" filed Aug. 30, 1910, Serial Ho. 579,706. Commissioner of Patents. In reopon30 to amendment filed Oot. 25, 1912. The olaim submitted is rojeotod as unpatentable over Barnett of re oo rd. It is believed that the pressure of the autogoueoualy welded seet.iona of the rim instead of the rims shown i n Barnett does not amount to invention. To provide washers on the bolt members to lessen the noise is a more medhanioal expedient. This rejection may be considered as final for purposes of ap¬ peal if appliaiwt so desires. Examiner Division 41, Applicant. Address. This invention relates to Current Rectifiers of the Commutator Type, in whioh a Rotating Commutator is driven in synchronism with the : alternating current to be rectified. The object is to provide means for securing the best adjustment of the commutator under widely varying conditions and when shifting of the contact brushes will not give the results desired. It is partic¬ ularly intended for rectifiers used in charging storage batteries of various capacities and voltage. Figure 1 shows the circuit conditions when a redtifier of this type is supplying a non-inductive cirouit with no counter-electromotive force. In this case the active segment and brush contact should re¬ main in cirouit until the voltage of the rectified current wave falls to zero as shown; and in this case the length of the segment should equal E. F. Figure 2 shows the same device used in charging a battery of considerable voltage. In this illustration "A" is ^jPzero line of the rectified wave, "B” is the line of battery voltage, which, for illustration, is shown as 60 volts. To secure sparkless operation it is evident that contact between the brushes and the active segment of the rectifying commutator should not be made until the voltage of the incoming charging wave equals at least 60 volts, when there will be no difference of potential bet¬ ween the brushes and active segment, and there will be no sparking. The same conditions should obtain when the circuit is broken on the active segment. As. shown in Figure 2, the relative length of the active segment when charging a 60-volt battery should be equal to 0. H. Therefore, if such a rectifier is to be used under the two conditions specified, or on circuits of varying electrical conditions, means ' ( Page #2 ) should be provided for varying the active length of the segment while the device is in operation* I accomplish this adjustment as shown in figure 3, in which "H" is the extreme: length of the active segment. This is made in sec¬ tions, one seotion, "I", having the minimum length necessary for charging at the higher voltage* Additional sections, "K" and "K-l", insulated electrically from "I" are used* These are provided with means for connecting them to "X" when necessary, thus increasing the length of active segment when it is desired to increase the time of contact. In order to allow for this adjustment while running I connect the seotion "K", "K-l" to slip rings, "I", "I-l"; contact brushes, »M", "M-l " , connect to switch contacts "H", "IT-1". A connection is also made between brush "M-2" and the switch blade, "0". When operating, as shown in figure 3, the active length of segment is equal to "I". -ITow if it is desired to increase the active length of segment, the switch "0" is moved in the direction of the arrow so as to connect successively contacts "IT", "1-1”, thus connecting eleotrically sections "K", "K-l" to "I"t and therefore increasing the total active length of segment to that of "H" as shown* 1 do not limit myself to any particular number of adjustment sections, "K", "K-l", but may use one or more. X The claim5sliould cover .broadly, a Rectifying Commutator having one or more active segments with means for adjusting the length of contact arc of the active segment while in operation. 3° Cl ZL Address. Assignee . . Ass’g’t Exec . Recorded Liber . Page Patent No. . Issued . ACTIONS. 1 "hm/ . j /%./ 1) . • H. Xfye '/. /£t'\ baj> of <^^-^£-<1900 sty \.5£>* 0 2 . “Qt-^s^os Ct /(^6^1-vt^ ®atb. g>tate of J2ctu Jersep Count? of Cssex THOMAS a. edisow , tf)c abobe namcb petitioner, being bulp stuorn, beposes anb saps tfjat be is a citizen of the ZHniteb States, anb a reSibent of Llewellyn Park, west Orange, Essex County, Hew Jersey tfjat fje berilp beliebes fjimself to be tfje original, first anb sole inbentor of tlje impeobements in SOUND RECORDS bescribeb anb clainteb in tfje annexeb specification ; tfjat be boes not Imoto anb boes not beliebe tfjat tfje Same boas eber fenoton or useb before fjisf inbention or biscoberp thereof; or patenteb or bescribeb in anp printeb publication in tfje ®niteb States of America or anp foreign countrp before fjisc inbention or biscoberp thereof, or more than ttuo pears prior to this! application; or patenteb in anp countrp foreign to the ©niteb States on an application fileb more than ttoelbe months prior to this application ; or in public use or on Sale in the IHniteb States for more than ttuo pears prior to this application ; anb that no application for patent upon saib inbention has been fileb bp him or fjfe legal representatibes or assigns in anp foreign countrp. g>toorn to anb subscribeb before me this ji> bap of 19^ tax ilotarp public. [Ibeal] 2-260 DEPARTMENT OF THE UNITED STATES RATE WASHINGTON INTERIOR NT OFFI O E Nov. 16,1010. Thomas A. Edison, Or an ge , ~ H nw .Torusy . i NOV is iuio ! mail r n , Please find, below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application. for Sound neoords, filed October 25,1910, serial number 5eo,9a2. L > Thin application has been duly examined, both of the claims are rejected as covering nothin/? of patentable subject matter- It ie held that there is no invention in applying a 3urfaoe of graphite to a duplicate record as is commonly done to the master rocordj see Lambert, March 20,1900, #645,920, (181-14), or NOrorosa,Maroh 22,1910, #952, 7$3, (181-14), especially in view that it is old to have a record surface of .graplitte^es Moms-Randall, English patent, .Tan. 21,1889, #1058, (181-2), nr.d in view that, it is very common to give a duplicate record a special surface, see Hoyt, ct al • , January 2,19n6, #808,843, or Lambert, Beo. 18,1900, #664, 223, both in (181-17). s< , ' f-‘- ^ y'’ a^T^u py~ /■' ' s< syu c c /*-&—> c ' ^ ‘C-y /Cc^c^^s- <^<. -< £cc f ^ ^ -4 sound, record having a thin protective coating of finely divided graphite formed upon the record surface thereof and comprising a wearing surface therefor, has been rejected on the ground that "there is no invention in applying a surface of graphite to a duplicate record as is commonly done to the master record." The principal reference cited is the patent to JTorcross #952,753 granted on March 22, 1910. In lines 93 to 100, Norcross after referring to the operation of the burnishing brush 4 disclosed by him, states; "The particles of graphite upon the record are thUB compacted and caused to lie close together and to the surface of the record; furthermore, the coating of the graphite is burnished so that it has a bright smooth surface resembling an enamel and such that the coating is impervious to moisture and will not be materially affected if touched with the fingers." TOiile the invention of Norcross is directed "to that portion of the operation of making duplicate sound records from an original which consists in preparing the surface of the original record by coating with an electro-conductive substance so that a matrix may be made thereon by electroplating," the article produced by the said patentee is identical in structure with the record November 2, 1911, of Edison and could obviously be used directly for the re¬ production of sound. Both Mr. Holden and I are of the opinion that there is nothing patentable in this case. Please advise me whether or not to drop the same. PB-KGK IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE . I THOMAS A. EDISON, ) SOUND RECORDS, ) Filed October 25, 1910,) Serial No. 588,982. ) Room No . 379 . HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS , SIR; In response to Office action of November 16, 1910, please amend the above entitled case as followB; Cancel the claims and substitute in place thereof the following claim: As a new article of manufacture, a molded duplicate sound record having a thin protective coating of flake graphite formed upon the record surface and comprising a wearing surface therefor, tho graphite being in such a fine state of division as not to produce any sound when passed over by a r.epr oduc irg stylus in traoking the record, Substantially as desoribed. REMARKS J The new claim specifies that the graphite is in such a fine state of division as not to produce any sound when passed over by a reproducing stylus in traoking the record. None of rthenr ef erenoes discloses this feature and none , in f act ,disoloseB a duplicate sound record having I a protective coating of graphite. It is thought that invention iB involved in the application of tho graphite to the surface of the record in such a condition as to adapt the record for a use not contemplated in the prior patents disclosing a graphite surface layer. Respectfully submitted, Orange, Hew Jersey, November 3, 1911. THOMAS A. T2DIS0N, hiB Attorney. J.H.D.-S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE V WASHINGTON Doc. 1,1911- . Thomas A. Edison, Care prank Z>. Dyer, Orange, ITev/ Jersey . Please find below a communication from, the EXAMINER in charge of your application. 588 982nd Recor Q.jc£aA^Q-vs. Vyy.c_, . Ass’g’t Recorded^5^v>«Trvy.'j LiberS(\?V> . Page ,.!Vk*~|. . Patent NoAVi^yV)- Issuedl^Nfcja^^ 1 Jjat-1's . / /. j/tp / /, . 2 i),u . J: 3, /$■//. . 4 ^Ooyy .*2 6 < /$ / 3- — 10 » ■ 4 — /&./..<&. . 20 (i / ht^-. £~-.. / f /3.. .... 21 . 7 CI'IOl^^^Lc-^L. Q~ccs^ . cf - /j/M . 22 . fP / / / 8 /,^u>^te^L. 2:1 y oCt-d-. .$*--& ...£■$ -/f/3 24 . ~Mi Ir&c. pv-lejf. i^VsiV-vv. c^_^( it*i Aenv, Wfev^ ^vjva^* fvJ^) /r'^'7'5 _ !A-c«-o .4lL^^-^v*-y cu^*J \ftfr iv j^ Gc/y ^ L^tXwf' u^o k~4£«3uM.v § a-t-e) • F- H LtyCLirf fjabing a Post ©ffice abbress at Llewellyn Park, West Orange, Essex County, New Jersey praps tfjat letters patent map be granteb to fjint for tfje improbements in DISC SOUND RECORDS set fortfj in tfje annexeb specification; anb fje fjerebp appoints Jfranfe 3L J3pcr (Registration Mo. 560), of ©range, J?eto 3ferSep, Ijis attornep, toitfj fnU potoer of substitution anb rebocation, to prosecute tfjis application, to mabe alterations anb amenbments tljerein, to receibe tfje patent, anb to transact all business in tfje Patent ©ffice connecteb tfjeretoitfj. SPECIFICATION TO ALL WHOM IT HAY CONCERN: BE IT KNOWN, that I, THOMAS A. EDISON, a citizen of the United States and a resident of Llewellyn Park, West Orange, Essex County, New Jersey, hare invented cer¬ tain new and useful improvements in DISC SOUND RECORDS, of which the following is a desoriptlon:- My invention relates to sound records of the type in which the record is formed upon the face or faces of a flat record, as the well known diBo records in which the record groove is in the form of a spiral, a blank sur¬ face being left about the periphery outside the record sur¬ face and a blank surface also being left adjacent the center of the record inside the smallest spiral of the record surface. It is customary to mark the name of the selection or other identifying data therefor upon the blank surface adjacent to the center of the record. I contem¬ plate marking the name of the selection or other identify¬ ing data on the blank surface outside the record and ad¬ jacent the periphery, and preferably repeating the indicia at intervals around the periphery, so that the same may readily be seen v/hen the record is stacked with otherB in a drawer or filing cabinet constructed according to my invention, regardless of whether one portion or another of (1) the periphery of the record is uppermost in the filing cahinot. Another feature of my invention has regard to the marking of identifying data upon records of the charac¬ ter described having different records formed upon the opposite sides thereof. Por example, a particular song might he recorded on one side of the record, and a partic¬ ular hand selection upon the other side of the record. According to my invention, the title of the 3ong and the title of the hand selection would he printed upon each side of the record adjacent to the periphery thereof hut in different sizes of type, or with other readily discern¬ ible differences, so that any one viewing one side of the record would immediately know, for example, that the par¬ ticular song was recorded upon that side and the particular hand selection upon the reverse side of the record. My invention also contemplates the construction of a filing cabinet or drawer of ouch character that the titles of records of the character described placed or stacked there¬ in, may readily he seen without the necessity of lifting the records from their compartments to read the title. Other objects of my invention reside in the construction of parts and combinations of elements more fully described in the following specification and appended claims. For a fuller comprehension of my invention, at¬ tention is hereby directed to the accompanying drawing, forming part of thiBspecif ioation, and in whioh - Pigure 1 represents in plan view a disc sound record embodying my invention; (2) Figure 2 represents a front elevation of a draw¬ er for holding recordB such aa illustrated in Figure 1 and embodying my invention; and Figure 3 represents a oroBB section taken on line 3-3 of Figure 2. In the drawings, the record .1 haB a selection or recorded matter 2 formed upon the face thereof, the blank space 2 being left between the center hole 4 and the inner*- most record groove, while the blank space 2 surrounds the outermost record groove and extends from the same to the periphery of the record. The title of the selection re¬ corded at 2 upon the front of the record is indicated by the words "Song - Red Wingi" printed upon the blank space 2 adjacent the periphery of the record, as Indicated at _6. This title is preferably repeated at intervals around the periphery of the record, as indicated at £ and Also, preferably, the title of the selection recorded upon the opposite or reverse side of the record is alBO indicated upon the front of the record as by the words "Band - Marche Tartars", as shown at 9,, this title also being printed upon the blank space 2 adjacent the periphery of the rec¬ ord and preferably also repeated at intervals around the periphery, as indicated at 10 and 11. The faot that the song indicated at 6 is recorded upon the front of the rec¬ ord and the band selection indicated at j? is recorded upon the opposite Bide of the record, is Bhown in the drawing by printing the title of the Bong in larger letters than the title of the band selection. It is obvious, however, that the distinction between the titles of the records (3) upon the front and haok may he Indicated in other suitable v/ays. The titles of the song and the hand selection would he printed similarly upon the reverse side of the record on the blank space thereon corresponding to £ with the dif f erencethat the hand selection title would he printed in large letters upon that side and the song in small let¬ ters to indicate that the hand selection v/as the reoord formed on that side. Or the titles of the two selections might he printed in the earae size and character of type with the f/ords "On hack" or the like adjacent the title of the reoord formed upon the other side of the disc, or the titles of the two records might he printed in type of the Bame size hut of different character, or other distinctions might he made. I have illustrated at 12 a drawer or filing cabi¬ net suitable for the reception of records such as that il¬ lustrated in Figure 1. The reoeptacle 12 is provided with a plurality of short vertical spacing members 13, between which the records may he placed, one reoord being slipped "between eaoh two spacing members. Members 13. are of a height less than the diameter of the records adapted to he placed therebetween, so that an unobstructed view of the upper edges of the records may he had. Also, the members 13 should he of a thiokness sufficient to space the records apart a considerable distance, as shown in Fig. 3, so that the titles adjacent to the edges of the records may be clearly legible from in front and above, without moving the reoords. The members 15 may be spaced far enough apart to permit a slight tilting of the reoordB, if de¬ sired. The space between members 15 should not, however, ■be sufficiently great to permit two records being slipped into the same space. Preferably, the front 14 of the cabinet or drawer is cut away at its upper central portion as shown at iJ5 to permit a good view of the titles of the records in the compartments. Records of different diam¬ eters may be stacked in the receptacle, if desired, the largest reoords being placed at the back. As illustrated, a person, the position of whose eye is represented diagram- mat ically at lo, may look down upon the records in the receptacle and read the title of each, as indicated by the lineB of vision 1 £, without lifting the records from the cabinet . Having now described my invention, what I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is as follows: - • ' 7 1. As a new article of manufacture, a £1&£A sound record having different records formed upon the two 3ides thereof and having indicia upon one side for identifying both records, 'the Indicia for one reoord boing of a charac¬ ter readily distinguishable from the indicia for the other record, substantially as described.' 2. As a new article of manufacture, a disc sound reoord having different records formed upon the two sideB thereof and having indicia upon each side for identifying the reoords on both sides, the indicia for designating the reoord on the opposite side of the disc from 3aid indicia being of a oharaoter readily distinguishable from the in¬ dicia for designating the reoord on the same side of the disc, substantially as described. 3. As a new article of manufacture, a disc sound record having different reoords formed upon the two sideB thereof and having printed characters adjacent to the periphery of the dlBc on one side thereof, for identify¬ ing both the record on the same side and on the opposite side of the disc, the characters designating one record being distinguished from the characters designating the other record in such a manner as to indicate to which rec¬ ord the characters refer, substantially as described. 4. As a new article of manufacture, a disc sound record having the title thereof •printed adjacent to the periphery thereof recurrently at intervals around the said periphery, substantially as described. A "A '--In Uo\,< ‘ t- 7 $>. In a device of the character described, in combination, a reoeptacle'-fby containing disc sound rec¬ ords having means for holding the reoords upright and one from the other. in suoh manner that the face separated i of each record adjaoent its periphery may be readily seen from a point in front of and above the receptacle, and: a plurality of recordsAplaoed in said receptacle between said means, and hating identifying indicia on their faces adjacent their peripheries1, substantially as described. 6. In a device c » character described, a re¬ ceptacle for-containing 'disc - sound- records having parallel spacing members ofr a- heiglit^less than the diameter of-a- diso record'' adapted -to - be -pl'aced- between two spacing mem¬ bers,., the- said- members being sufficiently thick to space / (6) u,' apart\rooord8 placed'- therebetween in ouch manner that the face of\ each record adjacent its periphery may he seen readily\from a point in front of and above the reoeptaole, the-said\memhhrs being separated by a distanoe somewhat greater than the thickness of\A record' adapted"to~be -plaoed 'therebetween,- but less than the thickness of two such records, substantially as described. 0: . sju, 7. In \a device of the character described, a re- oeptacle for . containing disc sound records having parallel spacing members/ of a height less than the diameter of -a- .diso record. adapted.. to be placed between two spacing mem¬ bers,. the-said members being sufficiently thick to space apart records -plaoed' therebetween in such manner that the face of eaoh record adjacent its periphery may be seen readily from a point in front of and above the receptacle, -the-said members being separated by a distanoe sufficient¬ ly great for the insertion of Za record’ therebetween, but less than the thickness^ of two such records, said reoept- acle also having a front member parallel to the spacing members, and cut away at .its upper central part in such a \ manner as to expose to view the upper edges of reoords -placed— between— said- spacing-members, substantially as described. tEljiS specification Signet! ant! toitneSSeb tfjis bap of}? @atb. g)tate of J?eto Jersep Countp of (Essex thomas a. Edison , tf )e abobe nameb petitioner, being bulp Stoorn, beposes anb saps tfjat be is a citizen of tbe ©niteb States, anb a reSibent of Llewellyn Park, West Orange, Essex County, New Jersey that be berilp beliebes himself to be tbe original, first anb sole inbentor of tbe improbements in DISC SOUND RECORDS beScribeb anb claimeb in tbe annexeb Specification; tbat be boes not lutoto anb boeS not beliebe tfjat tbe same bias eber fenohm or useb before bis inbention or biscoberp thereof; or patenteb or beScribeb in anp printeb publication in tbe tHniteb states of America or anp foreign countrp before bis inbention or biscoberp thereof, or more than ttoo pears prior to this application; or patenteb in anp countrp foreign to tlje IHniteb States on an application fileb more than ttoelbe months prior to this application ; or in public use or on Sale in the tHniteb States for more tljan ttoo pears prior to this application ; anb . that no application for patent upon Saib inbention baS been fileb bp him or bis legal representatibes or assigns in anp foreign countrp. Stoorn to anb subScribeb before me tbis. ^ bap of^^^ 1900 JJotarp public. f^eall This application has teen duly examined. "1" and "15" are not on the drawing. Claims 1 to 4 inclusive are drawn to a sound record, per se. , - - • -while claims 6 and 7 are drawn to a container. Division is required according to the provisions of Rule 42. Claim 5 is drawn to the combination of a record and container. This olaim if retained in either of the above noted groups will be re.icoted as an aggregation , there being no patentable combination between the record and its container. In amending this case, applicant should consult the following references: Ou ill emon, French patent, #393, 472, (181-3) ; Thomas, Eng. patent, Aug. 8,19o6,$16»l?®» (181-17). IH THE UNITED STATES PATENT OPFICE. THOMAS A. EDISOH, ) DISC SOUND RECORDS, ) Boom Ho. 379. Piled December 9, 1910,) Serial Ho. 596,537. )) HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OP PATENTS, S I R: In response to Office action of January 13, 1911, please amend the above entitled case as follows: Rewrite claims 5, 6 and 7 as follows: .c-O-LLst Ct .vc. ! : -\5 . . In a device of the character described, the com¬ bination of a plurality of disc sound records having identifying indicia on their faces adjacent thoir peripheries and a receptacle containing said records having means for holding the same\upright and separated one from the other in such a manner theiVthe face of each record adjacent its periphery may be, fendfly seen from a point in front of and above the receptacle, substantially as described. - -6. In a device of the\haracter described, the com¬ bination of a receptacle hav in g^ par all e 1 spacing members, and a plurality of disc sound records placed between said spacing members and having identifying\indicia on their faces adjacent their peripheries, seiid mek^ers being of a height less than the diameter of'said records, being sufficiently thick to space apart said records Nin such a manner that the face of eacli record adjacent its periphery may be readily seen from a point in front of and abovk said receptacle, and being separated by a distance somewhat greater than the thickneBS of one of said records, hut less than, the thickness of two of said records, substantially as described'. 7. in a device of tho character described, the com¬ bination of a receptacle having parallel spacing members, and a plurality of., disc Bound records placed between said spooing members and\aving identifying indicia on their faces adjacent their peripheries-,' said members being of a height loss than the diameter of said records, being suf¬ ficiently thick to space apart , said records in such a manner that the face of each record adjacent its periphery may be seen readily from a point in front of and above tho receptacle, and being separated by a distance sufficiently great for tho insertion of one of said records therebetween but less than the thickness of two of said rebords, said receptacle also having a front member- parallel tb^the spac¬ ing members and cut away at its upper central part s< expose7 to view the upper edges of the records, substantially! as described. i claim 8: Insert the following 8. In a device of the character described, the c omb inat i orTof a receptacle having parallel spacing members, and a plurality^f^disc sound records placed between said spacing members and havipg identifying indicia on their faces adjacent their poriphek-ies, said memberB being of a hoight less than the diameter of sa^d records and being sufficiently .thick to space apart said records in such a manner that the face of each record adjacent its periphery may be seen readily from a point in' front of and a/hoye the reoeptaole, substantially as described. \ REMARKS She Examiner is respectfully requested to apply the reference character 1 to the record in Pigure 1, and the reference character 15 to the recess in the member 14 in Pig. 2. The reo.uirement for division mado by the Examiner has been complied v/ith and action on the merits of the claims now in the case is respectfully requested. She right is reserved to file a divisional application on the subject matter of the canceled claims. Referring to the Examiner's statement that there is no patentable combination between the record and its container, it is pointed out that neither of the references cited by the Examiner discloses the combination of disc records and a container therefor, as set forth in claims 5 to 8 inclusive, by reason of which combination it is possible to read the identifying data from the face of tho record itself without withdrawing the latter from the container. This eombinnble relation iB thought to he new; and in the absence of a reference disclosing the same, the applicant is thought to be entitled to the combination claims herein presented. Respectfully submitted, Orange, Hew Jersey, THOMAS A* EDISOM, December 1911. By His Attorney. * Div . 33- Room . 339 - - 200 _ _ Paper NS^Hfij..... J.H.D.-S • DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON January 35,1912. lo Thomas A. Edison, ^ °St5r^iv2» . pilPAWT OFFICE, • • '*Niidl019 Care Edison Laboratory. _ JWA ILED. Please find below a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of 'your appUiat'ion. J.S. nm OFFICE, *'M lid 1012 JW A ILED. for Dlao Sound nooords, filed T>ao. 9, 1910, aerial number 596,637 . Commissioner of Talents, This action ia responsive to the amendment filed x>eo. 23, 1911 . Claims 1, 2, 3 and 4 are rebooted upon Moses, Aug. 23,1910, #960,253, (211-Eisplay Raoks), Also it being old to plaoe identi¬ fying matter on the face -of .the record aa in either Johnson, Sept. 22,1903, #739,318, or •Wassenich.Ootober 3,1893, #505^910 (181-17), and to plaoe identifying matter adjacent the periphery of the ^r^cord aa in Thomas of record or Laube.Erenoh pateht, #334,330, June 20,1903, (181-17), no patentable aubjeot matter oan be found in applicant's olairas or in applicant's construc¬ tion. The looation, representation, aubjeot matter or description of the identifying matter iB held to be but matters of variations of expedlenoy wherever found desirable or neoesaary. and not amounting to invention. Claims 5, 6, 7 and 8 are rejected uo Sfggregai&jfe* There is no patentable combination between the container and the thing contained. This is especially true in view that it is shown to be old to provide a display raok for phonograph records. Claims 6, 6, 7 and 8 are also rejeoted as not patentable oyer Moaea of record* 111118*1107. ^.7,1908, #9o3,977, (211-DiBplay Rack), or Kaaik.July 18, 1899, #6^8^943, (45-Rile Raoka). - HI THE TOUTED STATES PATENT OFFICE. THOMAS A. EDISON, ) DISC SOUND RECORDS, ) Room Ho. 379. Filed December 9, 1910, ) Serial Ho. 596, 537. ) HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, SIR: In rooponso to Office action of January 25, 1912, please amond the above entitled case as follows: In claim 1, lino 1, chance "flat" to - disc - . In claim 4, lino 2, cancel "printed". Cancel claims 5 to 8 indue ive and add the following nov/ claims: 5. As a now article of manufacture, a disc sound record having different recorda formed upon the two sides thereof and having upon ono aide recurrently around the periphory thereof indicia for identifying both records, the indicia for one record boing of a character readily distinguishable from the indicia for the. other record, substantially as described. 6. As a now urticlo of manufacture, a disc sound record having different records formed upon the two sides thoroof and having upon one side recurrently aroxird tfco periphery thereof indicia for identifying both records, the indicia for one record being in a different kind of type from the indioia for tho other record, substantially as described. As a new article of manufacture, a disc Bound rocora having different rocorda farmed upon tho tv;o aides thereof and having iipon ono aid© at the periphery thereof indicia for identifying both rocorda, tho indicia for one record being in a different kind of typo from the indicia for tho other record, substantially as described. 8. As a now article of manufacture, a disc sound record having recurrently around the periphery thereof indicia for identifying the record, substantially as described. H B M A H K S Hone of tho referoncos of record diaclosos a disc sound record having recurrently around tho periphery thereof indicia for identifying the record; nor does any of the referoncos disclose a disc record having differ¬ ent records formed on the two sides thereof and having on ono side indicia for identifying both rocorda, tho indicia for ono record being of a character readily distinguishable from tho indicia for tho other record. By ropoating the indicia around tho periphery, tho samo may bo roadily seen when the rodord is stacked with others in a drawer or filing cabinet regardless of whether ono portion or another of tho periphory of the .record is uppermost or nearest the obsorvor. By employing indicia of different characters, a porson viewing ono Bide of the record would immediately know which record was formed on euch sido of tho disc. One or both of these features is brought out in each of tho claims, and the latter are accordingly thought to be patentable. Reconsideration and allowance ronpectfully request ed» Respectfully submitted. THOMAS A. HDISOIi his Attorney. Orar.go, Hew Jorsoy, Deoombor ‘T’*!, 1912. J.H^'.-Sut. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON January 29,1913. Thomas A. Kdison, Care Strank L. Dyer , Orange, N.J. Please find hclow a communication from the EXAMINER in charge of your application,. for Diso Sound Records, filed Dec. 9,1910,aorial number 506,537. u. s. PATPT OFFICE, JAN lid I9]3 mailed. I Commmioner of Pal cut c. This aotlon is resjionsive to the amendment filed jieo. 28, 191p* • y It Is old In Moses of record or Moses, doc. 3,1912, #1,046,418, (181-17) to place titled recurrently around the periphery of the tablet. It is held patentably immaterial whether such tablet be round or square. Moses discloses a double faced record with the title of both selections on both faoes. No invention is found in employing any well known expedient to accentuate the difference in the titles. Accordingly all of the claims PUBLICATION AND MICROFILM COPYING RESTRICTIONS Reel duplication of the whole or of any part of this film is prohibited In lieu of transcripts, however, enlarged photocopies of selected items contained on these reels may be made in order to facilitate research. A Note on the Sources The pages which have been filmed are the best copies available. Every technical effort possible has been made to ensure legibility. FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Charles Edison Fund Tlie Hyde and Watson Foundation National Trust for the Humanities Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation PUBLIC FOUNDATIONS National Science Foundation National Endowment for the Humanities National Historical Publications and Records Commission PRIVATE CORPORATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS Alabama Power Company Anonymous AT&T Atlantic Electric Association of Edison Illuminating Companies Battelle Memorial Institute The Boston Edison Foundation Cabot Corporation Foundation, Inc. Carolina Power & Light Company Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. Consumers Power Company Cooper Industries Corning Incorporated Duke Power Company Entergy Corporation (Middle South Electric System) Exxon Corporation Florida Power & Light Company General Electric Foundation Gould Inc. Foundation Gulf States Utilities Company David and Nina Heitz Hess Foundation, Inc. Idaho Power Company IMO Industries International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Mr. and Mrs. Stanley H. Katz Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Midwest Resources, Inc. Minnesota Power New Jersey Bell New York State Electric & Gas Corporation Nortli American Philips Corporation Pliiladelpliia Electric Company Philips Lighting B.V. Public Service Electric and Gas Company RCA Corporation Robert Bosch GmbH Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation San Diego Gas and Electric Savannah Electric and Power Company Schering-Plough Foundation Texas Utilities Company Thomas & Betts Corporation Thomson Grand Public Transamerica Delaval Inc. Westinghouse Foundation Wisconsin Public Service Corporation BOARD OF SPONSORS Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Francis L. Lawrence Joseph J. Seneca Richard F. Foley David M. Oshinsky New Jersey Historical Commission Howard L. Green National Park Service John Maounis Maryanne Gerbauckas Roger Durham George Tselos Smithsonian Institution Bernard Finn Arthur P. Moiella EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD James Brittain, Georgia Institute of Technology R. Frank Colson, University of Southampton Louis Galambos, Johns Hopkins University Susan Hockey, University of Alberta Thomas Parke Hughes, University of Pennsylvania Peter Robinson, Oxford University Philip Scranton, Georgia Institute of Technology/Hagley Museum and Library Merritt Roe Smith, Massachusetts Institute of Technology THOMAS A. EDISON PAPERS Robert A. Rosenberg Director and Editor Thomas E. Jeffrey Associate Director and Coeditor Paul B. Israel Managing Editor, Book Edition Helen Endick Assistant Director for Administration Associate Editors Theresa M. Collins Lisa Gitelman Keith A. Nier Research Associates Gregory Jankunis Lorie Stock Assistant Editors Louis Carlat Aldo E. Salerno Secretary Grace Kurkowski Amy Cohen Bethany Jankunis Laura Konrad Vishal Nayak Student Assistants Jessica Rosenberg Stacey Saelg Wojtek Szymkowiak Matthew Wosniak Thomas A. Edison Papers at Rutgers, The State University endorsed by National Historical Publications and Records Commission 18 June 1981 Copyright © 1999 by Rutgers, The State University • • All rights reserved. No part of this publication including any portion of the guide and index or of the microfilm may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted hi any form by any means — 'graphic, electronic, mechanical, or chemical, includingphotocopying, recordingor taping, or information storage and retrieval systems— without written permission of Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. The original documents hi this edition are from the archives at the Edison National Historic Site at West Orange, New Jersey. ISBN 0-89093-703-6 \ap£M> A SELECTIVE MICROFILM EDITION PART IV (1899-1910) Thomas E. Jeffrey Lisa Gitelman Gregory Jankunis David W. Hutchings Leslie Fields Editors Theresa M. Collins Gregory Field Aido E. Salerno Karen A. Detig Lorie Stock Robert Rosenberg Director and Editor Sponsors Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey National Park Service, Edison National Historic Site New Jersey Historical Commission Smithsonian Institution University Publications of America Bethesda, MD 1999 Edison signature i i permission of McGraw-Edison Compauy