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12
7
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES,
VOT1.TJMR VII.
1876.
SAN FRANCISCO:
Spaulding & Barto, Steam Book and Job Printers,
414 Clay Street, below Sansome.
1877.
Committee on Publication- -1876.
George Davidson, Henry Edwards,
Charles G. Yale.
JPizh ItactttoTis
OF THE
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
PROCEEDINGS.
Volume I, (re-printed) 126 pp., 6 plates - - - $2 50
Volume II is out of print.
Volume III, 401 pp., ______ 2 50
Volume IV, 303 pp., and two plates, - - - - 2 50
Volume V, Part I, 96 pp., 3 plate?, - 1 00 Volume V, Part II, 147 pp., numerous plates, - - - 1 50
Volume V, Part III, 200 pp., numerous plates, - - 2 00 Volume VI, 222 pp., numerous plates, - - - - 2 00
Volume VII, Part I, 174 pp., 175
MEMOIRS, QUARTO.
1. — "Pacific Coast Mosses," by Lesquereux, - - $1 00 2. — "Natutal System of Volcanic Rocks," by Richthofen, - 1 50
PAYOT, UPHAM & CO., Agents for the sale of the Academy's publications, 204 Sansome Street, San Francisco. Also, the Naturalists' Agency, Salem, Mass.
PROCEEDINGS
IBRARY
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY
SCIENCES.
VOLUME VII.
1876.
SAN FRANCISCO:
1877.
A i
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 175
MEMBERS ELECTED DURING THE YEAR 1876.
Jan. 3d. — W. B. Burleigh, Louis Nussbaumer.
Jan. 17th. — Z, W. Greeue, Dr. James Murphy.
February 7th. — Dr. J. S. Crook, W. J. Graves, Gerrit L. Lans- ing, Dr. R. K. Nuttall, Samuel Purnell, C. L. Scudder, Joseph Tilden.
March 6th. — H. S. Craven, J. S. Curtis, E. B. Dorsey, James D. Hague, W. H. Hall, Charles Barton Hill, Louis Janin, C. W. Lightner, Alfred Poett, Howard Schuyler, W. A. Skidmore, Ham- ilton Smith, Jr., C. A. Stetefeldt.
March 20th.— C. F. Dio Hastings.
April 17th. — T. Bechtinger, Joel F. Lightner, S. Lubeck, J. F. Mvers, J. K. Wilson. I
May 15th. — Albert Arents, Louis Falkenau, C. A. Luckhardt, Einlen Fainter, H. W. Reese.
June 5th. — Walter W. Dannenberg, L. L. Hawkins, Edward N. Moor, Robert Chalmers Lord.
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
177
INDEX.
Acanthus 32
spino-hirsufus 32, 102
Acronycta lepusculiua 23
Acteea 42
labyrinthicus 108
meandricus 97
Actaeodes Mexicanus 42, 103
xantho 103
Actinolepis mutica var 131
iEga Alaskensis 46
Harfordii 46
Agraulis vanillae 170
Ala 65a
spinosa 66
Albula conorhynchus 83
Alexia setifer 49
Alloniscus maculosus 54
perconvexus 54
Alpheus bellimanus 34, 35
bispinosus 108
clamator 43
equidactylus 35
Amorpha Californica 60
Amphitrite Edwardsii 43, 106
paucispinis 107
Anarhichthys f elis 82
Aniculus longitarsus 108
Annual Meeting 1
Reports 10, 12, 14
Anthocaris Creusa 168
Edwardsii 169
lanceolata 169
Olympia 168
Reakirtii 168
Sara 168, 169
Araenus bidens 107
Aralia Californica Ill
Aratus Pisoni ? 153
Archilithobius 137
bilabiatus 138, 139
bipunctatus 137, 139
Kochii 137, 139
monticola 137, 139
obesus 138, 139
paradoxus 138,139
pusio 137,139
Toltecus 137, 139
Arenicola cristata 156
Argynnis Calippe 170
Coronis 170
Liliana 170
monticola, var. purpurascens 170
Myrina 171
Nevadensis 170
rupestris 170
Zereue 171
Argyreiosus Pacificus 84
setapinnis 85
vomer 85
Artemisia filifolia 38
Asellus Tomalensis 54
Assiminea Californica 49
Aster tenue 114
Atergatis cristatissimo 41, 97
Baeria platycarpba 112
Bellis perennis 93
Bellopbis 52
zonatus 52
Betseus equimanus 43
longidactylus 35
Boomerangs, Calif ornian 38
Bopyridae 57
Bosciadse 151
Botanical papers 114
Bothropolys. ..» 132, 133
bipunctatus 133
multidentatus 133, 134
nobilis 133, 134
xanti 133
Brickellia multiflora 49
Callidryas eubule 169
Callinectes 107
arcuatus 107
Cancer antennarius 94, 96
gracilis 95
irroratus 94
magister 94, 96
productus 94, 96
Cancridae 94
Cancrinae 94
Cancroidea 94
Caprella tuberculata. 47
Carbon bisulphide 124, 125
178
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Cardiosoma crassum 150
latirnanus 151
quadrature! 151
Carpenteria Californica 110
Carpilius corallinus 108
Cenobita diogenes 108
intermedia 108
Centropomus 109
undecimalis 110
viridis 110
Cestracionfrancisci 85
philippi 85
Chioncecetes Behringianus 64, 64a
Chlorodinae 103
Chlorodius Fisheri 104
sanguineus 105
Chorilia longipes 64, 69'
Chorilibinia 69
angustus 69
Chorininae 69
Cidaria 4-punctata 24
Cirrhipedia 29
Clarkia Eiseniana 94
Clematis ligusticifolia 115
Coagulating milk, property of 38
Ccenonympha Eryngii 172
Colias Eurydice 169
transformations of 60
var. amorphaa 169
Collomia leptalea 91
Coluber zonatus 53
Colubrine snake, new genus of 52
Crangon Alaskensis 34
nigrieauda. 34
nigromaculata 34
Crustacea 28, 29
new species 28
Pacific Coast, 28
West Coast of North America.. ..94, 145
Catalogue of in Museum ...94, 145
Decapod, new genus 55
Decapod and Tetradecapod, check
list 63
Sessile-eyed, new genus 53
three new species 116
Cryptopodia occidentalis 78
Cyclops 29
Cypris 29
Daphnis 29
Deilephila daucus . 20
lineata. 20
Dexamine scitulus 116
Dissodactylus nitidus 155
Doliodon 86
Carolinensis 86
Drasteria erectho 23, 24
Echini, anatomy and classification of . . 49 Election, Report of 17
of members. .1, 18, 26, 39, 40, 50, 59, 60
Entomostraca 29
Epialtinae 77
Epialtus minimus 77
nuttallii 77
productus 77
Eriphidae 104
Eriphia gonagra 108
squamata 105
Eucrate ? Californiensis 33, 154
Eulithobius 134
multidentatus 134, 139
Euptoieta Hegesia 170
Euryplax politus 154
Eurypodidae 74
Fabia subquadrata 56, 155
Fisheria 72
depressa 72
Fishes, California marine 83
notes on 108
Gebia longipollex 108
Pugettensis 57
Gecarcinidas 150
Gecarcinus quadratus 151
Gelasimus 146
armatus 147
brevif rons 146, 147, 149
crenulatus 149
gibbosus 146, 150
heteropleurus 147
heteropthalmus 147
macrodactylus 146, 148, 150
minax 147
ornatus 147
Panarnensis 146
princeps 146
rectilatus 148
stenodactylus 146, 148
Gentiaua glauca var. Paulense 115
Geonietridae 24
GiliaAchilleaefolia 112
Glyptograpsus impressus . 153
Glyptoplax pugnax 154
Gomograpsus crassipes 153
pulcher ... 152
trans versus 153
Goniopsis cruentatus 153
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
179
Gonoplacidas 153
Grapsidfe 151
Grapsoidea 145
Grapsus pictus 152
strigosus., 151
Gratiola virginica 38
Halesidota Agassizii 128,
var. Aini 128,129,
Autiphola
Edwardsii 21.
Haliotis rufescens
Hemileuca Maia
Nevadensis 23,
Hernilitbobius
eucnemis 137,
Heteracteea
pilosus
Heterocaiupa conspecta
salicis
Heterocodon minimum
Heterograpsus nudus
Oregonensis
Hippia emerita
Hippolyte ? Hempbillii
lineata
Homalacantba hirsuta
Hyas coarctatus 64,
latifrons 64,
lyratus 64,
IdotJea marmorata
muricata
pulchra
rectilinea
Idotfega
longicauda
Inacbinse
Inachoides brevirostrum
Hempbillii
Inactaus tuberculatus 30, 64
Insecticide =
Isopyrum Clarkii
129
130
128
24
43
J3
24
137
139
97
97
122
121
111
152
152
108
35
35
107
65a
64a
64a
117
117 44 36 44 45
64a 75 75
64a 38
131
Labrus pulcher 8 /
Lambrus frons-acutis 31, 78
piinctatissirna 78
Lamyctes f ulvicornis 133, 138, 139
Lathyrus splendens 90
Lepicloptera, Pacific Coast
19, 61, 121, 128, 140. 153, 163
Leptopodia debilis 75
Leucotboe Davisife 112
Libinia affinis 64, 67, 68
caualiculata 64, 67. 68
Libinia verrucosa 64
Librarian, Report of 12
Library, Donations to 63,89, 114
Lick, James, obituary notice of 118
Limenitis Calif ornica 20, 24
Eulalia 20
Lorquiui 172
var. Eavesii 172
Lithobioidse Americse Borealis. . .. 132, 139
Lithobius 133, 134
Aruericanus 132, 133, 135, 136
Aztecus 133,136, 139
bilabiatus 133, 138
bipunctatus 132
coriaceus 136
curtirostris 136
eucnemis 133, 137
forficatus 133, 135, 136, 139
f orcipatus 135
gracilis 138
hortensis 136
Koctaii 133, 137
lsevilabi um 135
Leachii 135, 136
megaloporus 133, 137
Mexicanus 132,138, 139
monticola 133, 137
mordax 132, 133, 134
multidentatus 132, 133, 134, 136
mystecus 133, 136, 139
nobilis 132, 134
obesus 133, 138
paradoxus 133, 138
paucidens 132, 133, 136, 139
pinetorum 133, 136, 139
planus 132,133, 135, 139
pusio .» 133, 137
rngosus 135
Saussurei 133, 135, 139
spinipes 132, 133, 135
Toltecus 133, 137
transmarinus 132, 133, 134
vorax 133, 134
vulgaris 135
Xanti 132, 134, 135, 139
Lithodomus aristatus 154
Lockingtonia 53
fiuvialis 54
Loxorhynchus crispatus 65a
grandis 64, 65a
Ludwigia scabriuscula 78
Lupabellicosa? 29.43, 105
dicantha 106, 108
bastata 105
180
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Lupa rubra 108
Lupinns citrinus 93
sericatus 90
Lyca?na Antaagon 20, 21
speciosa 173
Lycsenidfe 20
Lysiauassa Fisheri 48
Macropodidae 29
Madia glomerata, var. eglandulosa. . Ill
Maioidea 65a
Margaritana margaritifera 154
Margaritophora fimbriata 154
Megalorehestia Californica 47
Franeiscana 47
Aleganostoma Eurydice 60
Melitaea Leanira, var. obsoleta 171
Menippe mercenaria 108
obtusi 103
Mentzelia crocea 110
Micippa hirtipes 68
ovata, var. Uevis 68, 69
Mieippinas. f8
Microrhyuchus Hemphillii 30, 64, 75
tuberculatus 64a
Mimulus Eisenii 89
Mithracidaa 70
Mithraculus coronatus. . .64, 71, 73, 107, 108
triangulatus 73
Mithras armatus ? 70, 71
areolatus 71
dichotomus 71 72
Mollusk, New Californian 49
Moths, case-bearing 140
Museum, Donations to
18, 27, 37, 38, 40, 48, 50, 51, 59, 60 62, 63, 65, 82, 94, 121, 126, 130, 143 162
Report of Director 14
Mustelus Calif ornicus 87
/«'" 87
Nathalis Iole 168
Irene 168
NeniopMla modesta . 93
Neolitbobius 134
mordax 134) 139
transmarinus 134, 139
vorax 134, 139
Nyrnphalidae 20
Ocy poda Gaudichaudii 108, 145, 146
rhombea 108
Ocypodida? 145
(Eceticus Davidsonii 142
CEceticus Saundersii 141
CEdicerus Behringensis 47
Officers of the Academy 17
Omalacantha hirsuta 64, 65a
Oregonia gracilis 64, 74
bi'ta .64, 75
Othonia picteti 61. 70
Ozius Verreauxii .... 104
Pachydesma crassitelloides 56, 155
Pachygrapsus crassipes 153
transversus 153
taludinella Newrombiana 49
Panopaeus Bradleyi 102
chilensis 108
Planus 102
purpureus; ■ 101
transversus 102
validus 102
Panulirus Americanus 108
guttatus 108
Papilionidae 19
Papilio Philenor. . 19, 24
Paralabrax nebulifer 86
Paraxauthus 99
Parnassius Clodius 164, 165
var. Menetriesii 164
Smintheus, var. Behrii 165
Pectis papposa 163
Peltima lougioculis 76
Periceridse 76
Pericerinse . . 76
Parthenope punctatissima 78
Partheuopidas 7g
Phacelia Brannani 90
ciliata.- 92
glandulosa 92
Phasgoptera Salicis 128
Phyllodurus abdominalis (male) 57
Phylloxera, remedy for 122
Pieris Beckeri 168
Calyce i68
Castoria 166, 167
Chlorodice 168
Ergane 167
frigida. 167
Hulda 166
marginalis 166, 167
Napi 166, 167
Novangliae 167
occidentalis 168
oleracea 166, 167
pallida 166, 167
Kapse 166, 167
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
181
Pieris venosa 165, 106, 167
Yreka 166
Pilodius 101
Pilumnus limosus 104
Pinnixia cylindrica 156
f aba 154
laevigata 156
longipes 156
nitida 155
touientosa 156
Pinnotheres angelica 154
f aba '. 154
lithodomi 154
margarita 154
Pinnothi-ridfe 55, 154
Pisoides cnlatus 66
tumidus 30, 64, 67
Plants, Californian, new species 110
notes on 89
Platycarcinus productus 95
Platypes 41
edentata 41, 65a
Pontonia margarita 154
Portunidas 29, 43, 105
Potamocarcinus armatus 151
Potentilla Clarkiana 94
President's address 1
Prionoplax ciliatus 153
spinicarpus .. 153
Prosartes 112
Pseudograpsus Oregonensis 152
nudus 152
Pseudohazis eglanterina 22, 24
Pseudolitbobius 137
megaloporus 137, 139
Pseudosquilla marmorata 33
Psoralea bracteata 92
floribunda 91
f ruticosa 91
rnacrostachya 92
obtusiloba 91
Psyche conif erella 142
fragmentella 142
giaminella 142
Psychidse , 140
Pugettia gracilis 64, 76
Richii . 76
Pyrameis Atalanta 171
Caryse 171
(hybrid) 171
Quadrella nitida 105
Raia batis 108, 109
Ranapalus 113
Ranapalus Eisenii 113
Ranunculus Eisenii 115
Rock Cod, remarks on 79
Sarcophagus (Chinese) 37
Sebastes 79
auriculatus 81
elongatus 79
flavidus 81
helvomaculatus 79, 81
melanops 81
nebulosus 80
nigrocructus 79
ovalis 79
paucispinis 80
rosaceus 79, 80, 81
ruber '. 79, 80
Scylliadas 87
Scyra acutif rons 64, 69
Scolopendra forflcata 135
Scutellaria Bolanderi 115
Secretary, Report of 12
Sectionizing the Academy 24
Semicossyphus pulcher 87
Serolis carinatus 36
Sesarma sulcata, 153
Smerinthus opthalmicus 21, 24
Specularia biflora 115
Speocarcinus Carolinensis 33, 154
Sphseroma olivacea 45
Oregonensis 45
Sphingidae 20
Sphyrsena argentea 88
Spilosoma acrsea 22
vestalis 22, 24
Squilla de-Saussurei 33
Stomapoda • 29
Stylocline acaule •. 112
Terias Mexicana 169
Nicippe 169
Thecla Adenostomatis 144
humuli 173
melinus 173
var. pudica 172
Putnami 143, 144
ssepium, var. fulvescens 172
tetra 145
Thyridopteryx ephemeriformis 142
Trachynotus ovatus ? 86
Transit, new method of placing 157
Trapezia cymodoce ? 105
formosa 105
Triads semifasciata 87
Tribulus, from Mexico 162
182
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Tribulus Fisheri 162
Trustees, Annual Report 10
Annual Statement 16
Tubicola, no v. gen 55
longipes 55, 156
Tycbidas. 74
Tycbe brevipostris 74
Uca Isevis 108
Uraptera binoculata 108
Vicia nana 89
Vulcan, searcb for 127
Woodwardia radicans 54
Xanthidae 29
Xanthines 96
Xautho grandimanus 98
Hemphilliana 100
latimanus 101
multidentatus 42, 99
novem-dentatus 99
spmi-tuberculatus .31, 99
tenuidactyla 98
Xanthodes angustus 100
Hemphillii 31. 32
latimanus 31
leuoomanus 32, 100, 101
novem-dentatus 32
Xanthodius Sternbergii 104
ERRATA.
PAGE.
18, 9th line from top, for "melanstchlhys" read "melanosticlus."
18, 13th " " " "Librocedrus" read "Libocedrus."
18, 4th " bottom, " ' chalcedomy" read "chalcedony."
20,16th " " " "Astragulus" read "Astragalus."
21,12th " top, " "Fuschia" read' "Fuchsia."
22, 3d " " " 'Zygiieindce" read "Zygpenidffi."
24, 8th " " " 'Fuschia" read "Fuchsia."
27, 7th " " " "Equisiti folia" read "equiseUfolia "
38, 8th " •' " '-Nevadensis" read "Nevadense."
38, 12th " " " "Newberyi" read " Newberry i."
38, 7th " " " "Marselia" read "Marsilia."
38, 9th " " " "Cyclademia" read "Cycladenia."
38, 10th " " •' "pulsifera" read " Pulsiferce ."
38,10th " " insert ".4." before "Webberi.'
38, 15th " " for "microcephalum" read "microcephala."
38, 15th " " " "cecaule" read "algida."
38, 16th " " " "Emmenanthus pusillus" read " Emmenanthe
pufilla."
38,16th " " '■ "librocedri" read "libocedri."
38,17th " " " "Leucothce Davison" read "Leucothoe Davis- ice."
38,18th " " " ■'occi<le?ilalis" read 'occidentale."
38, 18th " " " "cuphosbia" read "euphorbia."
38, 19th " " " "scajyigernurn" read "scnpigerum."
38,19th " " " "Paltensis" ve&A •'Plaltensis."
38, 4th " bottom, " 'Artemesia" read 'Artemisia."
44, 5th " " " "Bhering's read "Behrings."
44, 3d " " " "Idotcega" read "Idotcega."
49, 4th " top, " ' 'nebuloseum" read "?iebulosu?n."
49, 6th " " " "Dyadophis" read "Diadophis."
49, 9th " " '■ "forma also on" read "found also in."
49, 7th " bottom, ' -'Echui" read "Echini."
49, 4th " " " "Brick elia" read "Brickellia. '
59, 6th " " " "Segnathus " read "Syngnathus."
82,10th " •' " '•Sasmicossijihus" read "Semicossyphus."
91,18th " " " "Tamelpais" read "Tamalpais."
91, 5th " " " ' • obtusioloba' read "obtusiloba."
92,15th " " " "cilliata" read "ciliata."
Ill, 5th " top, " "Aralea" read "Aralia."
PAGE.
112, 12th line from top, for "Leucothoe Davisce" read "Leucothoe Davis- ice."
114, 5th " •' •' 'Alfred A. Pinaut ' read "Alphonse Pinart."
115, 2d " " "tenells" read "tenellus."
115. 6th '■ " " "Ranmmculus. Eiseuii" read "Ranunculus
Eisenii " 121, 7th " " ' "demar" read "Darnar."
121,11th " " " "McGillwray"read"McGillivray."
126, 3d " bottom, " "echeneus maceatus" read "Echeueis nnu-
crates." 130,13th '• top, " "intecinnatarite" read "metacinuabarite."
130,11th " bottom, " "nndaluriate" read "Audalusite."
130, 8th " •' " "anceforsil" read "and fossil."
130, List line, for ''iuormtum" read "mountain." 132, 5th line from top, for "Lithobre" read "Lithobii." 143, 8th " top, " "Castaneopsis" read "Custanopsis."
151, 9th " bottom, " "strigosus" read "strigosus."
156, last line, " "cristala" read "crista ta."
167, 16th line from " " "Ergani" read "Ergane."
168, 13th " " " "Ausoniedes" read "Ausonioides."
170, 5th " " " "Argynuis" read "Argynnis."
171, 5th " top, " "Behr" read "Bdv."
f
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Blake, Dr. James. Remedy for tbe Phylloxera 122
Colton, David D. Annual Address as President Board of Trustees. ... 10
Davidson, Prof. George. Determination of tbe Difference of Longitude by the Electric Telegraph between the United States Coast Survey Stations at San Francisco, California, and Seattle,
Washington Territory 58
Edwards, Henry. Annual Address as Vice-President 1
Pacific Coast Lepidoptera, No. 16. Notes on the Transforma- tions of some species of Lepidoptera not hitherto recorded.. 19
Pacific Coast Lepidoptera, No. 17. On the Transformations of
Colias ( Meganostoina, Peak.) Eurydice Bdv 60
Pacific Coast Lepidoptera, No. 18 Description of a New Species
of Heterocampa (Larva and Imago) 121
Pacific Coast Lepidoptera, No. 19. Notes on a Singular Variety
of the Larva of Halesidota Agassizii, Packd 128
Pacific Coast Lepidoptera, No. 20. Notes on the case-bearing
Moths (Psychidas) with Notices of California Species 140
Pacific Coast Lepidoptera, No. 21. Descriptions of Two Species
of the Genus Thecla 143
Pacific Coast Lepidoptera, No. 22. Notes on some Diurnal Lep- idoptera, with Descriptions of New Varieties 163
Fisher, William J. Annual Report as Librarian 12
Harford, W. G. W. Description of a New Genus and Three New Species
of Sessile-eyed Crustacea 53
Description of Three New Species of Sessile-eyed Crustacea,
with Remarks on Ligia occidentalis 116
Hemphill, Henry. Description of a New California Mollusk 49
Kellogg', Dr. A. Annual Report as Director of Museum 14
Brickellia multiflora 49
Ludwigia scabriuscula 78
Notes and Descriptions of some Californian Plants 89
On some New Species of Californian Plants 110
Botanical Papers 114
New Genus and Species of Californian Plants . 131
Tribulus from the Eastern Shore of the Gulf of California 162
iv CONTENTS .
PAGE.
LockingtOXl, W. N, — Remarks on the Crustacea of the Pacific Coast,
with descriptions of some New Species 28
Descriptions of Seventeen New Species of Crustacea 41
Description of a New Genus and Species of Colubrine Snake.. . . 52 Description of a New Genus and Species of Decapod Crustacean 55 Remarks on the Crustacea of the Pacific Coast of North America, including a Catalogue of the Species in the Museum of the
California Academy of Science-1, San Francisco 63
Remarks on the various Fishes known as Rock Cod 79
Notes on some California Marine Fishes, with Description of a
New Species 83
Remarks on the Crustacea of the West Coast of North Amer.ca, with a Catalogue of the Species in the Museum of the Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences 94
Notes on Californian Fishes 108
Remarks on the Crustacea of the West Coast of North America, with a Catalogue of the the Species in the Museum of the California Academy of Sciences 145
Lowry, T. J. A New and Expeditious Method of Placing the Transit. . 157 Stearns, Robert E, C. Report as Chairman of Committee on Section-
izing the Academy 25
Remarks on the late James Lick 118
Stuxberg Anton. Lithobioidae Americas Borealis. Preliminary Report
on the Lithobii of North America 132
Trustees, Board of. Annual Statement of Finances, etc 16
Yale, Charles G. Annual Report as Recording Secretary 12
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES.
Annual Meeting, January 3d, 1876. First Vice-President in the Chair.
Thirty-seven members present.
Louis Nusbaumer and W. E. Burleigh were elected resident members.
On recommendation of the Council, Dr. Henry Gibbons, Sr. was unanimously elected an honorary life member.
In the absence of the President, First Vice-President, Henry Edwards, read the annual address as follows :
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
It is a matter of regret that the coming of the New Year does not afford us the opportunity of welcoming back our worthy and respected President, who, on his return amongst us will doubt- less have so much to say of the countries through which he has passed, and the many experiences which he has enjoyed. As cir- cumstances will prolong his absence for a few weeks longer, it becomes my duty to address you on the progress which our Academy has made during the past year, and the hopes which
Proo. Cal. Acad. Sci., Vol. VII.— 1.
Z PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
appear to be before us in the future. And the year which has just closed has indeed been for us an eventful one — the one from which, as it seems to me, our association will date its new life, and mark its strongest and most vigorous advancement. The Academy is poor no longer — the cloud of adversity which seemed so long to have overshadowed it, and which, but for the untiring energy and hopeful perseverance of a few of its members, would have brought its career of usefulness to a close, has, by the grand beneficence of one man, been entirely removed, and without in- dulging in too enthusiastic hopes, we may confidently look for- ward to be able to bask for the future in the sunshine of pros- perity.
The change in the provisions of the Lick bequest is fresh in your recollection — a change most beneficial to us in every respect, which adds deeply to the debt of thankfulness we owe to him who has set so noble an example in the disposition of his wealth, and who has earned for all time the unbounded gratitude of lovers of science, not only in California, but throughout the whole civilized world. The property on Market Street deeded to us by Mr. Lick is now wholly in the hands of the Academy, the restrictions which existed in the former deed having been, as you are aware, entirely removed. Our annual income from this source will henceforth be in the neighborhood of $3,800, and it is to be believed that the rapid progress which San Francisco may be expected to make in the value of her real estate, will, in a few years, considerably enhance that sum. The number of members added to our list during 1875 has been twenty-seven, of whom two were life members. Some few have resigned, and we have lost four by death, viz. : Horatio Stone, B. P. Avery, W. C. Ralston, and B. F. Sherwood. Our total number of members is now nearly five hundred, seventy-eight of whom are Life Mem- bers, so that our monthly dues, should, if faithfully paid, bring us in about $5,500 per annum, making our total in- come a little over $9,000. It is a matter of regret, however, that many of our members are sadly in arrears, and the Council for the past year recently sent out notices to the whole of those who were deficient, stating that decided action will be taken in each case before the close of the year. It was, how- ever, afterwards thought best to give these gentlemen an oi^por- tunity to pay their dues on the day of the annual election; but I
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. O
trust that the Council chosen to-day will follow up the intention of their predecessors, and at once drop the names of drones from the roll of membership. It would, I think, be advisable that a certificate of membership should be prepared and en- graved for the Academy, to be presented to each member on his reception, and, that hereafter, the names of those who are dis- carded from our list in consequence of the non-payment of dues should be advertised in our proceedings at the end of the year; so that no one may be allowed to sail under false colors, and reap the benefits of the labors of those who are active and hon- orable members of the Society.
The Eeport of your Treasurer, which will be given to you in detail, shows a balance in hand of $1,593— and this, after paying for the printing of our publication of 1874, and the heavy expenses of altering this hall and supplying cases for our books and specimens. On the whole, therefore, our condition substantially is a satisfac- tory one; but I am able to speak in much higher terms of the scientific progress of the Academy, and the amount of work which has been accomplished. Our able director, Dr. Kellogg, has been absent for a part of the year, having been selected by the Government to make a collection of the woods of California for exhibition at the coming Centennial, which work he has most successfully performed. During his absence his place has been ably filled by Mr. W. G W. Harford, who merits our warmest thanks for the interest he has always displayed in the Academy, and for the amount of industry he has brought to bear upon the duties of his position. We may congratulate ourselves upon his election for this year -to the post of Director of the Museum.
Through the untiring energy of Mr. W. N. Lockington, nearly the whole of our Fishes, Crustacea, and Radiata, have been clean- ed, identified and classified— a task which, apart from the scientific knowledge necessary for its performance, was one of very con- siderable labor, and a great tax on our fellow-member's time. Our collection of minerals, which now assumes considerable pro- portions, has been arranged and labeled by Mr. CD. Gibbes, who has, during the past year, passed nearly the whole of his leisure time within the walls of this building. Our osteological collection, and especially our valuable series of crania, which for want of other room, are stored for the present in the base- ment, have been carefully cleaned, preserved and labeled, by
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
Dr. Stout, while our Birds have had the advantage of the super- vision of Mr. F. Gruber, who promises, when cases can be found for them, to complete our series of California species and to make a MSS. catalogue of our collection, which may be published in our Transactions. To all these gentlemen whose labor has been cheerfully given, without stint and without thought of reward, the deepest gratitude of the Academy is due, and I am sure I have the authority of the members to convey thus publicly to them the expression of our truest and most hearty thanks. The donations to our collections have been both numerous and valuable — so numerous as to render it im- possible for me to mention the names of all to whom we are indebted, though I cannot refrain from calling special atten- tion to the many specimens of minerals received from various donors, including a fine set of New Zealand species, from Mr. McDevitt. Professor Eismark, of Christiana, Norway, has also enriched us by a present of European birds, Radiates and Crus- tacea; a tine collection of California woods has been presented by Mr. J. H. Clarke, of Mendocino; and from Dr. Burleigh we have received a valuable series of Alaskan Seals, both young and adult, in skin and in skeleton. Our corresponding member, Capt. J. H. Mortimer, has favored us with a beautiful set of pel- agic Mollusca and Crustacea, including a specimen of the Portu- guese Man-of-War, (Physalia Pelagica), most beautifully pre- pared, an object which, from its extreme delicacy, is rarely preserved, and therefore exceedingly scarce in museums. We have also received from various donors, large additions to our Shells, Radiates and Crustacea, all gifts "having been duly and thankfully acknowledged. I trust that the importance of add- ing to our collection will not be lost sight of by members, and that all objects of interest which may come into their hands may be furnished to us for identification and preservation. As the whole of our treasures are gradually brought from the hid- ing places to which they have been too long consigned, we be- come more conscious of their extent and value, and the classifi- cation of the specimens which is now being proceeded with as rapidly as possible, will enable us to furnish information to those seeking it, and at the same time better display the desired gen- era and species of each department. It becomes, of course, a natural consequence that we should acquire duplicates of many
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. b
species, even after retaining- full series in different stages of growth for the Academy's collection. To dispose of these to ad- vantage is an object of paramount importance, and one to which the attention of the Council should be particularly directed. We especially need, to assist our already excellent collection of Crustacea, species from the Atlantic States, Europe, Africa and Australia. From the latter country and from New Guinea, we have every reason to hope for valuable contributions, and as our own Pacific Coast species are eagerly sought for by naturalists throughout the world, we may confidently expect that by a proper use of our duplicates, our number of species will, before the close of the present year, be certainly doubled. The same re- mark will apply in a greater or less degree to the other depart- ments of Natural History, and I therefore urge upon all our friends, not to discard specimens because they may be thought to be common, as every one in good condition, whether existing in our series or not, is of value elsewhere, if not to us, and may be regarded as a gift of a new species to the Academy. For the proper display of our collections, however, more cases are imme- diately necessary, and as one of the matters most important to our interests during the present year, I urge upon the Trustees, as far as the funds at their disposal will allow, to take the subject of the display of all the materials in our possession into their serious consideration. A few hundred dollars judiciously spent now will give us case-room for some years to come, and the ex- hibition of our collections to the public, while it will not only assist scientific men in their investigations, will lit the same time add an increased interest to our proceedings and draw from all quarters valuable contributions to our stores.
Our Library, under the able guardianship of Mr. W. J. Fisher, has considerably increased, and will shortly be rendered more accessible by a careful catalogue of every book and pamphlet upon our shelves, now being prepared by our Librarian, and in- tended to be subdivided into the different branches of study. We have received many important presents during the year, and I feel called upon to make special mention of the gift by our friend General D. D. Colton, of the most valuable series of En- tomological works, including those of Hubner, Cramer, Drury and Stoll, all of which are profusely illustrated, and are of in- calculable interest to students in that branch of science. To him,
6 PROCEEDINGS OF" THE CALIFORNIA
as well as to all who have assisted us, our hearty thanks are most cheerfully offered.
The various papers which have been presented to the Academy have been of more than common interest, and will add very much to the value of our printed records. Among them I may be excused from mentioning two by our President, on the "Abrasion of the Coast of Japan," and " Probable cause of the low temperature at great depths of the Ocean.'' Mr. C. W. Brooks has given us precious information in his essays upon "Ja- panese works in American waters," and the " Commerce of Pre- historic races," while upon more special topics, we have had in- teresting papers from Dr. Kellogg, on the " Species of Eucalyp- tus," and on "Loco poison;" from Dr. Jos. Le Conte, on the " Ancient Glaciers of the Sierras;" from Mr. Amos Bowman, on the "Coal deposits of California;" from Dr. Cooper, on the "Land shells of the Coast;" from Mr. Lockington, on " Various species of Crustacea;" and from Drs. Blake and Behr, " Observations on the Phylloxera." Other matters have also been brought to your attention, to which it is hardly necessary for me to allude, as they will soon be before you in a published form, rendering the next volume of our Proceedings, in point of interest, nothing behind its predecessors.
The "Botany of California," the result of the labors of the Geological survey, will soon, through the public spirit of a few generous men, be given to the world, and it would be unbecom- ing in me if I did not here publicly express to Messrs. Leland Stanford, Lloyd Tevis, J. C. Flood, R. B. Woodward, Henry Pierce, D. O. Mills, Jno. O. Earl, Wm. Norris, andC. McLaugh- lin, the debt which all lovers of science owe to them for their noble munificence. Nor should our obligations to the scientific men who have had charge of the enterprise, and to whose knowl- edge of the subject we are so much indebted, be ever forgotten. Professors Asa Gray, J. D. Whitney, Watson and Brewer, have each and all devoted much time and labor to the work, and will always be entitled to the gratitude, not only of the members of this Academy, but of the future generations of scientists who may investigate the beautiful study of which they are such dis- tinguished teachers. To Professor Gilman, also, whose absence is his gain, but our loss, we must render our thanks for the en-
*To Judge S. C. Hastings the gratitude of the Academy is also due, as it was owing to his exertions that public attention was first called to Uie necessity for this publication.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. I
terprise and ability which he displayed in advancing- the publi- cation of these much needed and deeply interesting- volumes.
And here allow me to say, that it may be confidently hoped that the present session of the Legislature will take a generous and extended view of the scientific requirements of our age, and see fit to revive the Geological Survey, thus completing its pre- vious work and bringing its former labors into active usefulness. I know that this question is viewed by different minds under different aspects, and that there are many well-meaning people in the State who will regard such a movement with disfavor. This arises partly in consequence of the want of practical value of the achievements of the survey so far as it has gone, and partly from the utter inability of some minds to appreciate the use of scientific work altogether. With the latter class it is use- less to argue. Time and results alone can effect a change in them. But the former may candidly be allowed to have some just cause of complaint, the economic wealth of our State not having been, in the comprehensive views of the chief of the Sur- vey, yet reached in the plan he had laid down; but in the future, if the government of the State should see fit to grant a sum for the continuance of the Survey, it may be entirely within its prov- ince to say for what particular ends that sum is granted. If money be given for a special purpose, it is only fair that the giver should have something to say about the carrying out of the work; and if it should be deemed that a volume on the economic geology of the State, or on the insects injurious to agriculture, would be, as suggested by the press, of morefimmediate and personal benefit than one on paleontology, I fail to see the un- reasonableness of the demand that these subjects should at any rate be first perfected and given to the people. The rest of the work would most assuredly follow in good time, and, year by year, it is hoped that our legislators will feel more interest in the pursuits and needs of scientific culture, and that the grandeur of their schemes lies not in looking to the immediate time, but stretching in its operation far out into the future, it expands into its fullest power and conveys its perfect influence to the generations yet to come. It is, I believe, intended that the mat- ter of the Survey will be brought on its merits before the present Legislature, and I only thus briefly allude to it here to place on record the opinion of this Academy, as the representative of the
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
scientific energy of this coast, and its earnest desire to see so valuable a work brought to fruition — a work which, in Califor- nia more than in any other State in the Union, seems marked out as the most important educational need of the people.
It appears to me, with reference to a plan for our future work, that the course adopted by the natural history societies in the Atlantic States and Europe, may with advantage be followed here. This is the sectionizing our labors, so as to bring more determined and persistent endeavors to each individual subject, and by concentrating our energies on certain given points, be enabled to accomplish more than we can ever do while our la- bors are so diffused Thus we might have a geological section, a botanical section, an entomological section, and so on, the ob- ject of each of which should be earnest and energetic work in its particular department of study, and the formation of special collections belonging to each branch. No qualifications should be required for membership in these offshoots of the general body, beyond the fact that work will be expected from all, it being of course understood that the workers in all cases shall be members of the Academy. There is abundant strength in organ- ization, and I should suggest that a chairman and secretary should be chosen out of the members of each section, that a faithful record of all proceedings, no matter how trifling they may appear, should be kept; that the members should meet at least once a week, and that all original papers should be then first submitted, and if deemed worthy of acceptance, should be read at the fortnightly meetings, and then find a place in our proceedings. We should thus, if such a course were persistently indulged, secure an interest for the general meetings which they now rarely possess, and should make our labors of more advantage to stu- dents than they can possibly now be. There is nothing in the Constitution to prevent immediate action on this subject on the part of the members, and I think the suggestion will be found to be well worthy the attention of the Academy. It may be deemed necessary, among the several branches, to have a small weekly subscription, if only to the amount of ten cents per week, for the purchase of periodicals, apparatus, etc., without encroaching upon the general fund; but of this I do not speak authorita-
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 9
tively, as many details may yet have to be arranged, and experi- ence will be the best teacher as to our wants.
It is agreeable to observe a change in the manner which cer- tain journals of the city have assumed toward the Academy in their reports of its meetings. Some time since it was too much the custom to sneer at our deliberations, and attempt by some ill- judged witticisms to underrate their importance; but of late care- ful and respectful attention has been given to what passes here, and a more considerate tone has been taken by those representatives of the press who were once wont to assail us with unfair criti- cism. Science, no less than literature, aims at the elevation and refinement of mankind, and her struggles for the progress of the race should be encouraged by all who value the welfare of their fellows. And if my feeble words may reach the monej^ed men of California, I would say to them that a field of benevolence is open to them, on which some of their surplus riches may be spent, which is fraught with incalculable advantages to the rising generation. I mean a thorough and scientific exploration of this most interesting country, and the collection of specimens in all branches of natural history, so that a museum of the Pacific Coast worthy of the name may find its home in San Francisco, and the riches we possess at our very doors may be brought to- gether for preservation and for after use, instead of being now transmitted to Europe and across the continent to enrich the col- lections of older and wiser communities than ourselves. It is true that much has already been done by .private investigation, but after all the bulk of the work remains undone. Naturalists as a class are invariably poor, and need help from their more for- tunate brethren. In the single matter of Indian relics alone, the field is almost infinite, the late expedition to Southern Cali- fornia, under Lieutenant Wheeler, taking from the neighborhood of Santa Barbara over thirteen tons weight of these interesting memorials for exhibition at the Centennial. These will find their way into some of the museums of the Atlantic States, and be re- garded as among the most valuable of their deposits, while Cali- fornia tamely allows herself to be deprived of objects which should surely be under her care alone. In every branch of natural his- tory, too, the same remarks will apply. Our species have in many instances, for the want of literature or a full series of spec- imens, been sent elsewhere to be described, and the original types
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
are consequently lost to us; but with a band of workers under the sectionizing system which I have previously suggested, this may be avoided, provided the material for comparison and complete study of individual groups be placed within our reach. Hand- books of the various families in each branch of natural history could then be cheaply published, and throughout the State an impetus would be given to the study of nature which no other means can furnish. A few thousand dollars thus expended would place the givers high upon the pinnacle of fame, and hand their names down to those who shall come after us as worthy of respect and their deeds as worthy of imitation. In a community like our own, where riches seem to fall unsought into the laps of their possessors, it is well to inculcate the thought that not alone upon the battle ground of wealth can the victory of life be won; that there are triumphs purer and more abiding than worldly treasure, more powerful in their influence for humanity, than the grandest display of personal aggrandizement, and more calculated to sink deeply into the character of the coming ages, than the amassing of riches, unprofitably distributed, can ever do. Individuals have done much good in aiding the material progress of our State. . Can some few be found to assist her intellectual advancement, and to make bright the toilsome path of science with the beacons of their kindly succor ?
HENRY EDWARDS,
First Vice-President.
David D. Colton, President of the Board of Trustees, pre- sented his annual report, which was read by the Secretary, as follows:
To the Trustees and Members of the California Academy of Sci- ences :
This being the close of the first fiscal year under the new organization of the Academy, it would seem proper for me to give a brief statement of the condition of the "temporalities" of the Academy, which by our new Constitution comes exclu- sively under the control of the Board of Trustees.
The Treasurer's report shows that at the commencement of the present year we had on hand $2,900, and that the present condition of the treasury shows $1,593.73 now on hand.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 11
*
Ml matters in the way of expenditures have been carefully scrutinized, and the greatest economy maintained in all matters pertaining to the expenses of the Society. It will be observed that we have considerably reduced during the year the amount of cash on hand. Some purchases and expenditures connected with the alteration of the building in which we meet seemed una- voidable, and we feel certain that the improvements made as the result of this expenditure will be justified by the members of the Academy.
It is with a degree of great satisfaction that we are able to re- port to the Academy that we have taken possession of the munifi- cent donation of land on Market street, in this city, from Mr. James Lick, he having given us the title, absolute in fee, to the same, which had heretofore been conditionally deeded by him with such restrictions as left -grave doubts in our minds as to whether the gift would ever be of any practical utility to the Academy. The amount of rents per annum derived from the property at the time we received the same, were about $2,300. These have been increased nearly 100 percent., and we feel jus- tified in the expectation that this property, for the coming year, will produce us gross about $5,000; and from the most reliable information, taken in connection with the provisions in our favor in the last deed of trust as executed by Mr. Lick, we are warranted in the belief that this princely gift will enable the Academy to erect on the ground, within a few years, one of the most magnificent temples of science on the face of the globe.
It has been a matter of regret that we had not/ a more exten- sive fund to draw from for purposes of publication, and that so important a branch has been unavoidably curtailed for want of sufficient funds to justify publications which we have been com- pelled to omit. As the report of the Treasurer shows, a large number of members have defaulted in their dues. Had those payments been made, it would have materially assisted our pub- lication fund.
It is but justice to Mr. H. M. Nevvhall to say, that his liberal donation during the past year of $1,200, to be applied on the rent, has been of great assistance to us, and we feel he deserves the thanks and gratitude of the entire Academy.
To the Trustees I return my sincere thanks for their prompt attendance on all the regular and many special meetings during
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
the year, and for the deep interest manifested by all of them in the prosperity of the Academy, and for their jealous care and watchfulness for its best interests.
It is but justice to the Secretary, Mr. C. G-. Yale, to say that for his promptness at all our meetings we are very thankful. I remain, very respectfully, yours,
DAVID D. COLTON, President Board of Trustees.
The Becording Secretary, Charles Gr. Yale, read the following annual report:
To the President and Members of the Academy:
As Recording Secretary of the Academy during the year 1875, I have sim- ply to report what relates to new members, papers presented, and attendance at meetings.
The total attendance of members at meetings daring the year has been 842, an average of 31 members at each meeting.
Twenty-seven new members have been elected, four have died, and three have resigned. The total resident membership is now 301, and the life mem- bers miruber 78. A list of those who became members iu 1875 is appended, as well as a list of the forty-one papers read during the year, with names of authors, etc.
CHARLES G. YALE,
Recording Secretary.
Win. J. Fisher, Librarian, presented his annual report, giving the condition of the library, as follows:
REPORT OF LIBRARIAN.
Mr. President and Members of the Academy:
During the past year our Library has received considerable additions, as well by our usual regular exchanges, as also by donations from individual members of our Society.
Especially are we indebted to our former fellow member, Professor Gilman, for a large collection of works on History and Geography, and to General D. D. Colton, for a number of very rare and costly works on Entomology.
During the latter part of the year, the Library has been removed from its former position in the gallery to its present place, and, by order of the Trus- tees, a number of new cases have been constructed for the accommodation of the rapidly increasing material.
I have completed the Catalogue of the works in the Library pertaining to the different scientific departments, and am now engaged in cataloguing the Proceedings received by us from sister societies.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. I 3
In pursuing this work, I find a vast number of duplicates, and of works not strictly of a scientific character. A great many of these books are valu- able, and I would respectfully suggest that authority be given to dispose of them, either by sale or exchange.
I also beg to call the attention of the Academy to the fact, that a consider- able number of very valuable works require binding, and that by neglecting this important duty heretofore, a great many of these works have become defective.
I enclose a list of such literature as, in my opinion, should receive this attention at once, and hope that a sufficient sum will be appropriated for this purpose without delay.
A great mass of new material received by the Academy is left undescribed, for want of the proper literature, compelling us to leave to other Societies, better supplied in this respect, the honor of describing and publishing in their Proceedings, articles which otherwise would have found a space in our own Proceedings.
The following standard works, carefully selected, ought to be added to the Library as soon as possible, viz :
Ichthyology and Herpetology .
Gunther's Catalogue of Fishes; Catalogue of Apodal Fishes; Catalogue of Shield Eeptiles.
Zoology .
Catalogues of Mammalia. Crusticea.
Milne Edward's Histoire Nationelle des Crustacea; Dana's Crustacea; Bate and Westwood's Brit. Sessile-eyed Crustacea; Bell's Brit. Stalk-eyed Crus- tacea. Radiates.
Forbes' Brit. Star Fishes; Johnson's Brit. Zoophytes. Protozoans.
Bowerbank's Brit. Sponges. f
Osteology.
Huxley's Elementary Atlas of Comparative Osteology. Ornithology.
Baird, Brewer and Ridgeway's History of N. A. Birds. Botavy.
De Candolles' Prodromus.
Our Ethnological department is at present very meagre, comprising only a few pamphlets and proceedings of foreign Ethnological Societies. I would suggest that the work lately issued by our fellow townsman, Mr. H. H. Bancroft, on "The Native Races of the Pacific States," which has been very highly commended, as well by scientific men here as abroad, be secured for this department.
Very respectfully,
WM. J. FISHER,
Librarian.
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
The Director of the Museum, Dr. Albert Kellogg, reported on matters under his charge, as follows:
REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF THE MUSEUM.
As Director of the Museum of the California Academy of Sciences, it is but just to say, at the outset, that the improved order of arrangement wit- nessed by you, was inaugurated, supervised, and mainly executed, with dis- tinguished zeal and ability, in my absence, by Mr. Harford, my improved substitute and Director pro teni. — of course, by and *with the consent and co- operative aid of others. For my part, I candidly confess the idea of tem- porary occupancy had, to some extent, weakened niy enterprise in the direc- tion of pressing necessities. With this new field of space utilized, I trust we may be able to furnish it with the needed cases. If we can only provide the books and means to identify and care for collections, the men, as curators and members of all work, will see that there can be no cause of comprint at the close of 1876.
I am aware that we have little means to expend; but if our urgent wants were known, it might lead to the ways and means.
In the department of Minerals, the past year, we have received 340 dona- tions.
Mr. Chas. D. Gibbes, whose singleness of purpose, and hearty sympathy has ever been steady to the Academy's interests, failing to arouse a proper zeal in behalf of this department, at length determined to see some system inaugurated, of more pratical utility to the miner and general enquirer. While the strictly scientific arrangement of the Curator was not in any way disturbed, he has bestowed great -labor and ability in sectionizing the depart- ment, according to Countries or Nations, States and Counties, thus facilitat- ing special reference. Now, a person desirous of visiting a certain section, can seek and readily find sectional information; or, if more time is at his command, and not satisfied with this localized cabinet, he may search the general cabinet. This special system is somewhat similar to an immense promiscuous volume, well indexed, and to some extent topographically sec- tionized, while the other affords no such bird's eye facilities; but to execute the plan well, needs much room. With the cooperative contribution of Min- ing companies, only abating the merest iota of the monster specimens so zealously sent abroad, in less than a year this system could be adequately established.
We have many wealthy members offering us subscriptions for timber, bricks, and mortar, to the extent of thousands of dollars. Now, seeing this is no longer needed, why not pay a trifle — of course, selecting their own way of doing it — to such parties as they may choose to invite to their expe- dition, as canvassers and collectors, etc., and let them visit the mines, etc., and so be accredited for their collections, e. g.
This age is already deciding that the best monuments are those most use- ful, and such will be the wise decision of jDosterity.
It is high time to be preparing and arranging our cabinets for the new
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 15
building. Many of these specimens have been so long packed away, as to render the tags illegible.
Tons upon tons of minerals, fossils, and prehistoric relics, are journeying towards the rising sun, obedient to Eastern enterprise. Nor need we wish there were less, but that many might also find a home here, where scientific data are also prized; though the sacred proverb reminds us that the worthy prophets are not without honor, save in their own country.
Donations of Crustaceam during the year, are 57; Radiates, 21; Fishes, 22; Eeptiles, 6; Vermes, 2; Araehridce., 3; Myriapoda, 23. Only a very remote idea of the work done, can be obtained from the Director's Catalogue of Contribu- tions. Mr. Loekington has labored with commendable zeal, as the details of his department manifestly show. With the requisite books of i-eference, ten- fold more may be accomplished with a little of the toil called forth last sea- son. We trust all such indefatigable workers will be afforded needful aid.
In the department of Birds, Mr. Gruber informs me, about 150 have been donated to the Academy. About one-half of the collection have been classi- fied and catalogued, but, owing to the confusion of recent changes in the names, etc., it was deemed advisable to await American authorities, so much needed. These have been added without any cost to the Academy, which is indeed a large- contribution.
In Botany, 120 donations. The Curator of this department has left every- thing in statu quo. Two paid curators employed a year, could not identify, classify, and poison the Herbarium, nor can we hope for any one without ample means of support, to undertake it; yet more, at least, than last season, ought to be expected.
The Mammals, 5 were kindly cared for by Mr. Gruber.
The donations of Shells amount to 69; Insects, 1; and Miscellaneous, 25.
As matters of special notice, it is due to say, that Dr. Burleigh has donated the skeleton of a seal, which, when able to set up properly, will add much to the scientific and general interest of the Academy.
Dr. A. B. Stout has also expended much labor and care in neatly cleaning and preparing a rare and varied collection of anatomical s/ecimens for the Museum, for which the Academy are under many obligations.
Rev. E. R. Greene has also furnished us with a fine collection of well identified plants, from Colorado and the interior, which have not been dis- tributed, and therefore do not appear in the enumerated catalogue.
It should be stated that other large and valuable collections have been re- ceived en masse, and not being opened, have simply passed on the list as one presentation. It would be better, hereafter, to open, enumerate, and if need be, repack such ample contributions, in order that the record may be his- torically more useful, and more full and just to our patrons. This was in- tended in all cases, but many who were competent to label and distribute them properly, having given us their promise to do so, from press of private business or other causes, failed to aid us. We trust that neither our succes- sor, nor future contributors, may ever have any such just cause of complaint. Respectfully submitted,
A. KELLOGG, Director of the Museum of the California Academy of Sciences.
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
The Board of Trustees presented, through the Secretary, a statement in detail of the receipts and disbursements of the year, presenting vouchers of same, with monthly abstracts, checks and accompanying papers. The annual report was as follows:
ANNUAL STATEMENT OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
Amount in Bank of California, February 20th, 1875, at time
Board of Trustees for 1875 took charge of disbursements $2,900 00
Sundry deposits to date 1,769 78
Retransferred from London and S. F. Bank to Bank of California. . 1,293 00 Expenditures in Museum for cases, shelves, repairs,
alcohol, bottles, etc $ 558 55
Salaries and Commissions to Curator of Museum, Secre- tary of Board of Trustees, and Treasurer 1,021 15
Rent 1,650 00
Expense account, (including fuel, cleaning, etc.) 142 40
Advertising meetings 32 80
Printing, (including Proceedings, blanks, checks, vouch- ers and abstracts, receipts, postal cards, labels and tags
for Museum, engraving for Proceedings, etc.) 679 89
Stationery and Binding 98 04
Freight, C. P. R. R 6 70
Water 6 00
Repairs to Building, (Gas Fixtures, Mending • Roof, etc.) 132 92 Periodicals for Library 40 60
Total Expenditures, 1875 4,369 05
Balance in Bank, December 31, 1875 1,593 73
$5,962 78 $5,962 78
i The Trustees desire to add to this annual, statement the fact, that of the
above expenditures, the sum of $819.29 was for indebtedness incurred by their predecessors in office. The details of these expenditures are as fol- lows:
C. E. Boman, fixing shelves in Museum $ 129 00
Bacon & Co., printing Proceedings of 1874 265 55
Bacon & Co., printing Proceedings of 1874, (minus $12 for this
year's work) 261 84
Advertising 21 75
Springer, (Lumber) 11 55
Contingencies of Curator in December, 1874 35 50
Curtain bought for Museum 3 50
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
17
Periodicals furnished $40 60
Dewey & Co., Engravings for Proceedings 1874 50 00
$819 29
Total this year 4,369 05
Deduct last year's Bills Q874) 819 29
Leaves as Disbursements by present Board of Trustees $3,549 76
A communication was received from the Board of Trustees, suggesting that a vote of thanks be given to certain members of the Academy for gratuitous work performed during the year. On motion, in accordance with the suggestion, a vote of thanks was passed to the following gentlemen: W. N. Lockington, W. G. W. Harford, C. D. Gibbes, W. J. Fisher and A. B. Stout.
The report of the Treasurer was read by the President, giving the amount of collections made during the year.
On motion, the reports of all the officers were accepted and ordered printed in the proceedings.
The report of judges and inspectors of election was received and accepted. A vote of thanks was passed to these gentlemen for the faithful performance of their duties.
Their report showed the following as the result of the annual election :
PRESIDENT, GEOEGE DAVIDSON.
FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT,
HENRY EDWARDS.
SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT,
HENRY C. HYDE.
CORRESPONDING SECRETARY,
THEODORE A. BLAKE.
RECORDING SECRETARY,
CHARLES G. YALE.
TREASURER,
EDWARD F. HALL, Jr.
LIBRARIAN, W. J. FISHER.
DIRECTOR OF MUSEUM,
W. G. W. HARFORD.
D. D. COLTON, JOHN F. MILLER, THOS. P. MADDEN,
TRUSTEES,
R. E. C. STEARNS, WM. ASHBURNER, GEORGE E. GRAY,
RALPH C. HARRISON. Pboc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Vol. VII.— 2.
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
On motion of Mr. Ashburner, the Vice-President was author- ized to appoint a Committee to take into consideration the mat- ter of sectionizing the Academy, to report at the next meeting.
Regular Meeting, January 17, 1876. First Vice-President in the Chair.
Thirty members present.
Z. W. Greene and Dr. Murphy were elected resident mem- bers.
Donations to the Museum : From Henry Edwards specimens of Sebastes nebulosus, Psettiehthys melanostchthys, Sebastodes fla- vidus, Pleuronichthys marmoratus, Embiotica lineata, Melrogaster aggregates, Bryttus, sp ? Octopus punctatus, Lithogphagus, sp? Also botanical specimens as follows: Abies Paltoniana, Pinus fiexilis, Pinus tuberculata, Pinus monticola, Librocedrus decurrens. From the same donor was received a specimen of Aclinemys mar- moratus. Mr. W. G. W. Harford presented specimens of fish as follows: Ghiropsis nebulosus, Sebastes ruber and an Alcyonoid polyp. Dr. R. K. Nuttall presented specimen of Ostracion, and Mr. W. G. Blunt five specimens of Eutaenia. Mr. W. N. Lock- ington presented a specimen of Caprella Californica. Minerals were received as follows: From T. H. Folingsby six vials contain- ing a number of precious garnets; one vial red and green garnets; one vial with ten specimens, supposed to contain black diamonds; one vial with quartz crystals; and one vial of green and white quartz — all from Choco, New Granada. F. A. Walley presented a specimen of Calute from near Martinez. Dr. Stout presented specimen of building stone from near Petaluma. From G. W. Sanders five specimens petrified wood and charcoal. From C. D. Gibbss fibrous asbestos and mica from Ruby Valley, Nev. From G. B. Merriam granite from Young's Temple, Salt Lake. From T. H. Sacket three specimens chalcedomy from Temescal, Alameda County. From J. H. Mortimer bog turf, Galway, Ire- land. From Henry Edwards silver ore, Panamint, Inyo Co., Cal.
C. B. Turrill read a paper by Chas. Wolcott Brooks recom-
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 19
mending a course of popular scientific lectures before the Academy. Mr. Turril read a supplementary paper on the same subject.
Henry Edwards read a paper on Pacific Coast Lepidoplera, No. 16.
Pacific Coast Lepidoptera.— No. 16. Notes on the Trans- formations of some Species of Lepidoptera, not hitherto recorded.
BY HENEY EDWAEDS.
• With the desire to add, little by little, to the knowledge of our species of Lepidoptera, I think it of importance to present to entomologists' every observation which I am enabled to make with reference to their transformations, and though in some instances I am only able to give notes of the egg, in others, of the early larval stage, and still in others, of the more mature con- ditions, I regard these as of extreme value in assisting to perfect our knowledge of the life-history of each species, and as an aid to other workers who may have opportunities different from my own. As the paleontologist can, from the fragmentary portions of extinct animals, sometimes obtained from regions remote from each other, build up a complete description of the species under his consideration, so do I hope that these incomplete studies inay aid the future student of the habits and history of our yet slightly known insects, and thus become the foundation upon which a better superstructure may be raised. The whole field of research in this department is yet untraversed, and will amply repay the investigator in this most interesting branch of natural science, and as before, I entreat those into whose hands examples of the early stages of any of our insects may fall, to omit no opportunity of making known to myself, or others engaged in entomological pursuits, the results of their observations. f
Since the publication of my last paper on the transformations of our Lepidoptera (No. 14), the following species have come under my notice:
Family PAPILIONID^.
Papilio Philenor. Fab.
Chrysalis. The usual color of this stage of Philenor has been a grayish stone color, mottled with violet and yellow; but from two caterpillars found feeding, in June last, on Aristolochia at Saucelito, I have obtained chrysalides so different in color, as almost to suggest another species. They are pale, but vivid, yellowish green, of a very lively tint over the whole surface, which is covered with minute blackish reticulations. The edges of the wing cases, abdominal tubercles, apex of the mesonotal process and edges of the antennas cases rich purplish brown. Out of the same brood of thirteen caterpillars, eleven assumed the normal coloring. They all went into the chrysalis state from June 28th to July 17th.
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
Fam. NYMPHALID^].
Limenilis eulalia. Bdv. = CaJifornica. Butler.
Larva. General color, pale greenish or fawn color, becoming entirely of the latter tint when about to undergo its change. Body covered with small whitish spines. Head rather large, edged on its margins with a row of slightly branched whitish spines, each tipped with black; 2d segment con- stricted, without spines; 3d, 4th, 6th, 11th and 12th, each with a pair of long and branched spines, tipped with black; 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th, with shorter pair of similar spines. Below the spiracles, which are fawn color, is a darker line. Feet and legs concolorous.
Length, 1.20 inches.
Food plant, Quercus Douglassii, Quercus Souomensis.
Chrysalis. The specimens from which my first description was taken (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc, Vol. V, Part II) differed from the present one, in that the latter had a most beautiful pale golden blotch over the whole region of the wing cases. This chrysalis was semi-transparent, ash gray or drab, and was attached to the tinder side of the oak leaf by strong silken threads; the whole of the surface of the leaf being covered by the web.
Changed to chrysalis, August 20th. Imago, September 3d.
Fam. LYC^NIDJE.
Lyca?na antcegon. Bdv.
Larva. Head small; dark brown. Body dirty yellow, covered with very short downy hairs; a few black spots irregularly scattered, and a narrow greenish dorsal stripe. Spiracles, small; dark brown.
Length, 0.50 inch.
I am indebted to Dr. Behr for an opportunity of observing the larva; specimens having been found by Mr. Graham, one of Dr. Behr's students, feeding in the pods of Astragulus.
Fam. SPHINGID^.
Deilephila daucus. Cr am. = Lineal a. Fab.
Larva. Mature. General color pale apple green. Head and 2d segment with more olivaceous tint, thickly dotted with greenish white warty spots. Mouth parts, dull yellowish. There is a bright green dorsal line, varying much in width in different individuals; sometimes merely a line, at others occupying nearly the whole dorsal surface. This is uneven at its edges, which merge into black subdorsal lines, enclosing a bright yellow streak. Both the black and yellow lines are widest anteriorly, the latter in some specimens becoming an orange patch. Posteriorly on the black lines are some small yellow dots. Caudal horn dull yellow, rough, black at the tip. Anal segment similar to the head. Spiracles orange, surrounded by a black patch, in which are some small yellow dots. Above the feet, which with the legs, are dull yellow, are some waved black lines, occasionally obsolete.
Variety. After the fourth moult, the caterpillar sometimes, but only rarely,
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 21
assumes a very strange appearance. It becomes quite black, every trace of green being lost. The head and anal segment are then bright chestnut brown, with paler dots; while the feet and legs are dark orange. There is a faint trace of a yellow subdorsal line, and the spiracles are dark orange, with a faint lateral line below them. Between their extremes are many varieties of color.
Chrysalis. Very long and cylindrical; light chestnut brown, Tongue case wanting. Head and wing cases entirely without irrorations. Abdominal segments darker posteriorly, very rough, and dotted with darker points. Spiracles large, ovate, dark brown.
Length, 2.10 inches Width, 0.40 inch.
The caterpillar feeds on Rumex, Epilobium, Pelargonium and Fuschia. To the last named garden plants, it is extremely destructive. It is full-grown in June; changes to chrysalis from that month to the end of July, burying itself rather deeply in the ground. The perfect insect appears from August to October. It is quite common in gardens throughout this State.
Sjnerinthus opthal minis. Bdv.
Egg. Deposited separately on the food plant. Ovate, cream yellow, very smooth and shining, surrounded by a ring of lake red color. Before the exclusion of the larva, the eggs change to a pale, and afterwards to a dull greenish blue, the reddish ring being lost. Deposited, July 20th, on willows.
Young Larva. Emerged July 28th. Very pale yellowish green. Head very large, almost monstrous, and of a darker shade. Caudal horn pinkish brown, darkest at the tip. After the second moult the oblique yellow stripes make their appearance, and there is then little change save in size, until the
Mature Larva. General color pale apple green. Head rather large, truncate in front, pyramidal, the two sides of the angle broadly and distinctly edged with bright yellow, and enclosing a corrugated space, darker green than the rest of the body. Mouth parts, and feet reddish brown. The whole of the segments are marked with whitish tubercular dots. Along the sides is a narrow stripe of pale yellow, and from the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7lh, 8th, 9th and 10th segments proceed some oblique yellow stripes, the 10th being the broadest, and continued to the junction of the caudal horn, which is dull sky blue, the extremity black. The anal segment is also edged with yellow. Spiracles white, edged with reddish brown. Abdominal legs, dull apple green.
Apparently double brooded, as I have taken fresh specimens of the perfect insect in February and March, while the specimens from which the above description is drawn, went into chrysalis in July, the moth emerging in the middle of September.
Fam. BOMBYCID^E.
Halesidota Edwardsii. Packard.
Egg. Laid in irregular clusters. Ovate, slightly flattened at the apex, and often forced out of its regular shape by a large mass being crowded into the fissure of the bark chosen as the place of deposition. Color, dull yellow, paler on the upper half, and there slightly transparent. There is no apparent sculpture, the whole surface being quite smooth and shining.
22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
The young larvas, which are quite black, with very long hairs, appeared on May 5th, the eggs having been deposited on April 24th. The mature form of the larvae is described in Stretch's "Zygaeindae and Bombycidae of North America," page 88.
Spilosoma vestaHs. Packard.
Egg. Laid in compact masses upon the food plant. Color, cream white, surface slightly wrinkled, the wrinkles when viewed through a powerful lens appearing to be a series of punctures. Eggs deposited May 15; larvae emerged May 21st.
Young Larva. On exclusion from the egg the larvae are dirty greenish black, with the head large, and the hairs remarkably long. After second month, the body becomes whitish green, with the head slightly pitchy. The 2d, 3d, 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th segments have four small blackish tuber- cles, armed with whitish spines laterally, and blackish ones dorsally. The 5th and 11th segments have still larger black tubercles. The dorsal region is darker than the sides, which generally have a yellowish tint. Feet and legs, greenish white. After the third month, the whole of the lateral hairs become bright chestnut brown, almost deep orange; those of the dorsal region darker brown, and beyond the 4th segment anteriorly, and the 10th posteriorly, the hairs of the dorsal tubercles are black; the tubercles also be- come hidden by the hairs. Subsequent to the fourth moult, the whole of the dorsal hairs are largely and broadly black, and the lateral series bright chestnut brown. In this condition, the larva may be readily mistaken for that of Spilosoma acrea.
Mature larva. Body slate black, glossy. Dorsal bunches of spines, rich velvety black; those of the lateral region, bright chestnut brown; under- side, ash color. The spines are all very glossy and rich in color.
Length, 1.75 inch.
Food plant, various sp. of Lupinus.
The larva? were fully fed in the early part of July, being exceedingly vora- cious, though able to exist for four or five days without food, and suffering no apparent inconvenience. About the 10th of the month, they began to spin cocoons, mixing up with their webs the remains of leaves and stems of their food, the whole of eleven larvae which I carried successfully to their last stage, changing almost on the same day to the condition of chrysalis. The perfect insect is usually met with in April, and in warm seasons as early as March.
Pseudohtzis eglanterina. Bdv.
Egg. Ovate, stone color, agglutinated together, and arranged in a compact mass around the stem of the food plant, generally near the extremity of the branches. The eggs are attached by their smallest end, the larvas. escaping from the apex.
Mature Larva. Head black, shining, with a few short, brownish hairs. Body entirely dull black. Each segment is armed with six lateral spines, very finely branched, and two dorsal fascicles of spines, bright chestnut color, blackish in the centre. The branchlets of the spines are all bright
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 23
chestnut color. Underside, as well as the feet and abdominal legs, dull black.
Length, 2.00 inches.
Food plants, Frangula Calif ornica, and various species of Rosa.
Hemileuca Nevadensis. Stretch.
Head shining, reddish brown. Body, pale citron yellow; 2d segment with reddish brown transverse streak, armed anteriorly with six black spines, hav- ing pale yellow branches; 3d, 4th, 5th and 6th segments, each with eight spines; 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th, have six spines each; 12th and 13th, only five, the middle one of the last being placed posteriorly to the other- four. The whole of the lateral spines, as well as those of the 13th segment, are black, with pale yellow branches. Those of the dorsal pair of segments, three to eleven inclusive, are dull yellow, mottled with black, as is also the medium bunch of spines of the 12th segment, giving, when viewed without a lens, the appearance of a yellow dorsal line. There is a narrow central line of reddish brown, and each segment is also marked with transverse streaks of the same color, which, on the sides, become a broken but well defined band. Spiracles, orange, edged with reddish brown. Feet and legs also reddish brown, and segment tipped with the same color.
Length, 2.00 inches.
Food plant, Willows.
The above description is taken from one of several caterpillars, obtained in Fresno Co., Cal., by Dr. Eisen, and by him forwarded to Dr. H. Behr. In the description of the larvae of H. Maia Drury, I find a notice of two red- dish tubercles on each segment, which are entirely absent in the present spe- cies. In other respects they are much the same. Maia generally feed on oaks, while this was invariably found upon willows, and fed in confinement upon the weeping willow of the gardens.
Fam. NOCTUIDiE.
Acronycta lepusculina . Grote.
Mature Larva. General color of body pale bluish green. Head a little paler. Mouth parts and prolegs deep black. Spiracles black, with whitish centre. The whole of the body is covered with very long silky white hairs, -,% of an inch long, with some shorter black ones mingled, chiefly in the dorsal region. Abdominal legs bluish green.
Length, 1.10 inch. •
Food plant, Poplars.
Changed to chrysalis July 23d; Imago, September 26th. .
Drasteria ere.ciho. Bdv.
Egg. Spherical, a little flattened at the poles; color, pale apple green, deeply striated, but with the striae not reaching to the apex. Spaces between the strite transversely rugged. Deposited separately on leaves of Lupinus and Erodium.
24
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
Fam. GEOMETRID^. Cidaria, 4- punctata. Packard,
Head and 2d segment, dull rose pink, the same color beiug continued broadly along the sides. In the lateral region are some small white dots. Dorsal region and underside, bright apple green, each segment tinged indis- tinctly with dull orange yellow. Feet and legs, dull rose pink.
Length, 1 inch.
Food plant, Fuschia; the stems of which plant are wonderfully mimicked in color by the caterpillar.
Chrysalis. Light brown, paler at the junction of the segments, each of which bears a transverse row of minute concolorous hairs.
Length, 0.60 inch.
Spins a very thin web on the underside of the leaf, which is slightly rolled at the edges.
Changed to chrysalis, June 25; Imago, August 4.
LIST OF SPECIES NOTICED IN THIS PAPEB.
Papilio Philenor Chrysalis.
Limenitis Valifornica Larva and Chrysalis.
Lyccena antosgon Larva.
Deilephila daucus Larva and Chrysalis.
Smerinthus opthalmicus Egg and Carva.
Halesidota Edicardsii Egg.
Spilosoma vestalis Egg aud stages of Larva}.
Pseudohazis eglanterina Egg and Larva.
Hemileuca Nevadensis Larva.
Acronycta lepusculina Larva.
Drasteria erectho E»g.
Cidaria, ^-punctata Larva and Chrysalis .
Dr. Henry Gibbons called attention to the frequency of earthquakes in different parts of the world during the present month.
The following propositions for membership were submitted :
W. H. Hall, J. P. Curtis, H. S. Craven, C. A. Stetefeldt, W. A. Skidmore, Howard Schuyler, Alfred Poett, James D. Hague, E. B. Dorsey, Hamilton Smith, Jr., Louis Janin, Charles Barton Hill, Joel F. Lightner.
On motion of Mr. Stearns, the Vice-President was authorized to appoint a committee of ten to confer with the Committee of the Art Association upon the subject of the obsequies of the late Benjamin Parke Avery.
The Committee appointed in the matter of sectionizing the
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 25
Academy, presented their report in the form of a preamble and resolutions, as follows :
To the Cnl'forn'ia Academy of Sciences :
The Special Committee in the matter of Sectionizing the Academy, which was appointed at the last meeting, herewith present their Report, in the form of a Preamble and Resolutions, and respectfully request your favorable con- sideration.
Whereas, In many Scientific Societies, experience has proven that the objects for which such societies were founded and organized, namely, the ad- vancement of Science and the diffusion of knowledge, have been promoted by the formation of sections for the pursuance of special studies and investi- gations, and as it is believed by many members that the formation of sections inside of the California Academy of Sciences will increase the usefulness of this Academy, and many of it -i members desire to form such sections, it is hereby
Resolved, That it is the sense of this Academy, that the objects for which it was founded will be advanced by the formation of sections, which may include such members as are pursuing special departments of scientific inves- tigation and study, and as many members have expressed a desire to form sections in order to facilitate such investigations and studies, it is hereby provided that sections may be formed, and in the following manner, and under the restrictions herein contained.
Whenever not less than five members of the Academy shall unite to form a section, they shall have the right to do so, but shall first submit to the Council of the Academy, a written communication, signed by the members who pro- pose to form such section, stating the department of science or the character of the investigation or study which it is intended the section shall pursue; but no section shall be considered as formed or be recognized by the Academy, until due notification thereof, which shall be made to the Academy by the President or the Recording Secretary, or in the absence <fi said officers, by some other member of the Council, at the first regular meeting of the Academy after or following the receipt of the communication from the members proposing to form such section.
And upon and after such notice at a regular meeting as above, such section shall be considered as established, and a written notice of lhe same shall be posted in a conspicuous place in the hall of the Academy, and the members of the latter shall have the right to attend the meetings of the section so formed. Persons not members of the Academy shall not be members of any section.
Sections formed as above, may make such by-laws as are deemed necessary, and the members thereof shall have the power to manage the affairs of the section 'to which they belong, and only the members of a section shall have the right to vote upon matters pertaining to the section to which they belong.
Provided, however, that no by-law or regulation made by any section shall conflict with the Constitution or By-Laws of the Academy.
If at any time it shall be found that the action of any section is detrimental
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
to the interests or objects of the Academy, or that any section through the apathy or dissensions of its members, shall cease to pursue or carry out the objects for which it was formed, or for any other good and sufficient cause, then the Academy may suspend or abolish such section by a two-thirds vote of the members present at anyregular meeting, and any section so suspended or abolished shall not be continued or restored except upon the recommenda- tion of the Council at a regular meeting of the Academy, and by a two-thirds vote of the members present.
Any and all property acquired by any section, shall be the property of the Academy, but may be segregated and kept apart from the general property of the Academy, for the special use of the members of the section to which it belongs, so long as such section may exist, but upon the dissolution or abolishment of any section, then the same shall be merged in the general property of the Academy.
A notice of the meeting of any section shall be posted in a conspicuous place in the Hall of the Academy, or announced at any regular meeting of the latter, but no meetings of any section shall be held during the hours or period of any meeting of the Academy, but at such other time as may be found convenient to the sections, and may be held in such rooms in the building of the Academy as may be available. All of which is respectfully submitted,
Robt. E. C. Stearns, A. Kellogg, "Wm. Ashburner, Henry Edwards,
S]»cial Committee. San Francisco, January 7, 1876.
On motion of Mr. Scupham, the Report was adopted, and the Secretary instructed to spread the Preamble and Resolutions on the records, for future reference.
The Committee was continued, to aid in organizing the sections.
Regular Meeting, February 7th, 1876. Second Vice-President in the Chair.
Twenty-one members present.
In the absence of the Secretary. W. J. Fisher was elected Secretary pro tern .
The following new members were elected :
C. L. Scudder, W. J. Graves, Samuel Purnell, Joseph Tilden, G. L. Lansing, Dr. R. K. Nuttall, Dr. J. T. Crook.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 27
The following propositions for membership were submitted: S. Lubeck, life member; T. Bechtinger, resident member. Donations to the Museum: Prof. Geo. Davidson presented the following: Rye from the Russian shores of the Baltic, plant and seed from Japan, cherry and apricot stones from Rome and Naples, Lupine seeds from Pompeii, Persian violet, cotton ball from Elephanta, Bombay, seed from India, Casxtarina Equisiti folia (India), tree seed from Bombay, tobacco from the Nile, seed, orange seeds from Joppa, corn from the Nile (fourteen parcels in' all), shell money, cyprcea monela (India), seven parcels of insects from India, Egypt and Italy, wheat from the valley of the Nile. From Henry Hemphill, the following Crustacea: Cancer antennarius , three specimens; G. productus, one; Xantho spini- luberculatics (n. s.), one; X. novemdentatus (n. s.), one; Xan- thodes latimanus (n. s.), one; X. leucomanus (n. s.), five; X Hemp- hilliana (n. s.), one; Speocarciiuis, Califomiensis (n. s.); Eandalia ornata ; Lupa bellicosa; Acanthus spino-hirsulus (n. s.); Der- maturus Mandtii; Microrhynchus Hemphillii (n. s.); Inachus tuber- culatus (n. s.); Fabia subquadrala, two; Pugettia Richii; Pisoides tumidus (n. s ); Pseudosquilla marmorala (n. s.), one; Alpheus equidactylus (n. s.), one; A. bellimanus (n. s.), two; Hi[ypolyte palpator, one; H. cristata, one; H. Hemphillii (n. s.), one; Idotcea rectilinea (n. s.), one; Lambrus frons-acutis (n. s.); Scyra acuti- frons; Crangon nigromaculatus (n. s.), two; Gallianassa longi- mana. From Henry Edwards, Panulirus interruptus, Idotcea resecata, Hippolyte lineata, Acalephw, Amblystoma, Sceloporus, Gasterosteus, Ghiropsis guttalus, Orchestia TrasKiana, Livoneca vulgaris. From Mr. Curtis, through C. M. Kinne, Osiracion, sp? From the California Pioneers, one hundred and fifty speci- mens of ores and minerals. From Henry Edwards, precious garnet in mica slate. From W. N. Lockington, Sillimanite. From J. F. Jerome, minerals and ores. From Gov. S. Purdy, silver ore. From Holmes and Dawson, specimens of marble. From Prof. Davidson, leucite (white garnet). Ivory and palm nuts from the California Pioneers.
W. N. Lockington read the following description of twenty new species of Crustacea from California:
28
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
Remarks on the Crustacea of the Pacific Coast, with de- scriptions of some New Species.
BY W, N. LOCKINGTON.
Notwithstanding the small number of sheltered bays and coves to be found along the shores of the Pacific Ocean, south of Vancouver's Island, the Crustacea appear to be tolerably abundant, since the total number of species of the two highest orders, (the stalk-eyed and sessile-eyed) known or de- scribed up to this date, is about two hundred and twenty, and there is every reason to believe that a more searching investigation would at least double that number.
Neither Dana nor Stimpson did much work at the Crustacea south of San Francisco, and the species lately described by Smith are almost entirely from Panama. Between Panama and San Francisco lies a vast extent of coast, extending through nearly twenty-nine degrees of latitude, and embracing a region greatly diversified in climate and productions, so that although many San Franciscan species extend southward a considerable distance, and many Panama species may range along Central America, it is but reasonable to suppose that many undescribed forms have their limits between those extremes.
The reasonableness of this expectation will be rendered the more apparent by a glance at a map showing the ocean temperature. That portion of the ocean bathing the shores of California at San Francisco, belongs to the sub- temperate oceanic zone included between the isothermal lines of 50© Faht. and 560 iowest coldi but the heat of the Qcean increases rapidly as we trayel gouth_
ward, so that the coast from Monterey to San Diego, and for some distance south of the latter place, lies between the isothermal line of 56Q extreme cold and that of 620. The greater part of Lower California, with the Gulf is in- cluded within the line of 620 extreme cold and that of 680, and may be'called warm temperate. From Cape St. Lucas to about the latitude of Acapulco is the sub-torrid zone, the isothermal line of 74Q degrees lowest cold bounding it toward the south, and forming the northern limit of the torrid oceanic zone which extends to, or near to, Guayaquil, in the State of Ecuador.
Since Panama is situated close to the oceanic heat equator, it will be seen that in the 290 0f latitude between San Francisco and that place there is a variation of about 3CP iu the lowest temperature of the ocean, a difference which must and does imply a corresponding variation in the animal life in- habiting the ocean.
It was, therefore, with great pleasure that I received, since our last meeting, a small but choice collection of Crustacea, collected at Monterey and San Diego, by Mr. Henry Hemphill, and my pleasure was still greater when I found, upon comparison with the specimens already in our museum, and with the writings of Stimpson and S. I. Smith, that this donation enriched us with at least 20 species new to science.
Up to this present time no species of Crustacea from Panama, and only one or two from the coast intervening between that point and San Diego,
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 29
Lave reached this Academy, and the amount of zoological riches yet remain- ing to be harvested in this quarter, may be guessed at from the fact that these twenty species were collected incidentally, as it were, the Crustacea not being the chosen field of the collector.
It is with some diffidence that I refer some of these species to their genera, simply because we have not in our collection specimens of many well known genera, nor have we in our defective library any figures or description of the already known species included in them.
To make clear to others the difficulty under which I and any other person who attempts to do a little original work in connection with this institution, are compelled to labor, I have but to state that two of the species described in this paper belong to a group of crabs, the macropodidae (distinguished by the great length and thinness of their legs), no species of which has before been known on this coast, but of which the typical forms are described and figured in such standard works as those of Milne Edwards, and Bell's British Stalk-eyed Crustacea, neither of which works are to be found in our library.
I have, therefore, in determining the genera, been compelled to be guided alone by the generic descriptions given by Dana in his Crustacea of U. S. Exploring Expedition, the only comprehensive work accessible to me, and that is lent to the Academy.
Before proceeding to the technical description of the new species, I wish to draw the attention of all members of the Academy at all interested in zoology, to a few peculiarities in our list of native Crustacea as it stands at present.
Two species of Macropodidae, as I have just said, are all that are yet known. The crabs of this tribe are sluggish in their habits and are usually found among sea weed, sponges and zoophytes, at depths below those left bare at the lowest low tide, and are thus only obtained by dredging, unless cast ashore in some storm along with the sea weed among which they live. It is, therefore, almost a certainty that a properly organized search would disclose several other species, even in this immediate neighborhood.
Of the Xanthidae, a sub-family near the true cancer, not a single species has been described by Stimpson or Dana, and it is singular that4,mong the newly found San Diego species this tribe predominates.
Only two species of the swimming crabs (Portunidae), have yet been found in California, one of these (Lupa bellicosa), has been described by Stimpson, and the other is new.
The parasitic Crustacea of various orders have not yet been collected with any thoroughness, but I may here mention that several, (so far as I am aware) undescribed forms have recently been added to our collection, and that I hope, during the course of this year, to be able to prepare another paper upon them and upon other undescribed species not included in the present paper.
Neither the Entomostraca, which include the Cyclops, Cypris, Daphnis, and many other tribes, nor the Barnacles or Cirripedia of this coast have yet been studied, and I trust that this short enumeration of a few of the things that want doing may stir up some of our members to do them.
The collection of Crustacea in this museum now includes about 320 species, almost all from this coast or from the islands of the Pacific. Scarcely any
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
European or Atlantic coast species, and none from South America, Australia or Africa, have yet reached us.
I have purposely made my technical descriptions short, giving only those salient characteristics which distinguish the species, but it is my hope to sup- plement these descriptions by a series of photographs of the new forms — a hope warranted by the present financially satisfactory state of this institution.
Inachus tuberculatus.
Rostrum, short, entire; pre-orbital spine marked only by the angle of the orbit; post-orbital spine slightly longer than the eyes; medial region of carapace with several small tubercles; posterior, with a large central tubercle surrounded by a ring of smaller tubercles; postero-lateral regions, with sev- eral small tubercles; all the regions prominent and separated by well marked depressions; three last joints of first pair of feet with scattered tubercles, manus stout; second pair of legs 2% times the length of the post-rostral part of the carapace; sternum and abdomen with scattered tubercles.
Dimensions of two specimens:
Length. Width. Length of 2d pair.
Male 0.75 0.55 1.55
Female 0.56 0.38 0.94
Dredged in eight fathoms, upon a rocky bottom covered with weeds, at the mouth of San Diego Bay, by Henry Hemphill. This, and the following species, are the first examples of the macropodidue found on the California coast.
Microrhy nch us Hemph illii .
Rostrum, short, entire; form of carapace, long and narrow triangular; post-orbital spine, small; antero-lateral margin marked by a line of hairs; 1st pair of legs short, the meros extending to the line of the eyes; 2d pair, more than three times the length of the post-rostral part of carapace; 3J, 4th, and 5th pairs diminishing in length, the last a little less than twice the length of post-rostral part of carapace. A few scattered hairs on the two last joints of the four hinder pairs of legs, especially on the fourth joint.
A single male specimen of this species was dredged, in seven fathoms of water, in the Bay of San Diego. Length, 0.75; width, 0.33; length of 2d pair of legs almost two inches.
Pisoides? tumidus.
Rostrum, bifid, moderately long; no pre-orbital spine; postrorbital spine small ; first joint of external antennae very wide, prolonged into a point ex- ternally. 1st and 2d pair of legs about equal in length; hand of first pair, stoutish; fingers gaping when closed, the ends toothed and fitting neatly together; a large tubercle on movable finger in the centre of the gaping part. Carapace, with the regions tumid and spineless, smooth and rounded behind. A single specimen, male, was found between tides, near San Diego. The whole of the carapace and feet are covered with a short pubescence, becoming
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 31
longer upon the margins of the limbs and forming a lamellate protuberance over the rostrum. Length, 0.65; width, 0.45; length of 2d pair of feet, 0.80.
Lambrus frons-acutis.
Carapace, transverse, somewhat pentagonal, each antero-lateral border having a rounded angle in the centre of its length; and the postero-lateral border forming an almost straight line with the posterior border. Rostrum, pointed, prominent, elevated, continuous with the elevated gastric region. A prominence at the cardiac region. Branchial regions prominent, each capped with a line of tubercles extending outward to the angle between antero .and postero-lateral borders. Antero-lateral border finely toothed and ter- minating behind in an acute point. The portions of the carapace between the prominences are much depressed and perfectly smooth. Arm, carpus and hand of the first pair of legs, trigonal in section, each angle set with a continuous row of small tubercles. Dactylos turned inwards almost per- pendicularly to the hand, very small. A single dried specimen brought from Santa Catalina. Length, 0.50; breadth, 0.70; breadth across arms when bent, 1.33 inch.
Xantho spini-tuberculatus.
Front four-lobed, areolets of anterior and antero-lateral portions of carapace prominent; six teeth on antero-lateral margin, including that of posterior angle of orbit; chelipeds covered with smooth shining tubercles on the upper portions, those of the hand arranged in seven longitudinal series; fourth and fifth Joints of the four hinder pairs of limbs beset with spines on their supe- rior portions.
Specimens from Santa Eosa, presented and collected by W. G. W. Harford.
Specimens from Monterey, presented and collected by J. G. Cooper.
Specimens from San Diego, presented and collected by Henry Hemphill.
Length of carapace of male, 0.44 width, 0.63 female, 0.38 " 0.57
Xantliodes latimanus. '
Front sinuate, the inner angle of the orbit raised into a point; carapax but slightly transverse; teeth N. T. S., prominent and pointed, D and E almost obsolete. Areolation of medial and antero-lateral regions distinct, the former having the parts 2 M, and 3 M entirely outlined. Hands, sub-equal, the right somewhat the larger; movable fingers very long, and curved abruptly down- ward; margin of manus continuous with the broad base of the fixed finger so as to form a sinuous sloping line; hinder feet compressed. This species may be readily identified by the delicate marbling of the carapace and chelipeds, and the downward bend of the movable fingers. Abdomen of male, five jointed.
A single male specimen from San Diego. Length, 0.73; breadth, 0.88.
Xanthodes Hemphillii.
Front almost entire, slightly waved and somewhat produced; carapace, transverse, medial region prominently outlined; 1st antero-lateral tooth (D),
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
almost obsolete; 2d, (E), long and low; 3d, (N), 4th, (T) and 5th, (S), pyramidal and pointed; cardiac region faintly outlined. 1st pair of feet, sub- equal, smooth; hands without crests or tubercles; fingers, black. The mov- able finger of the right hand with a large tubercle at base; 3d, 4th and 5th joints of lour posterior pairs of feet compressed, fingers villous.
A single male specimen found at Monterey. Length, 0.82; width, 1.10.
Xanthodes leucomanus.
This species appears to be very nearly allied to X. HemphHlii, having the front antero-lateral teeth, and areolatiou of that species. If there is any value in the subdivision Xanthodes, both should be included in it, as both have the- first antennal joint connected with the front by a process. The principal difference between the two forms, size excepted, will be found in the net- work of raised lines upon the upper portions of the hand and carpus of the chelipeds iu the present form; and the almost entire absence of the tomen- tosity upon the four hinder pair, which characterizes X. HemphHlii. The dactyli of the chelipeds are of a shining, leucous tint when recent. Several specimens, from Santa Rosa Island (W. G. W. Harford); Monterey (J. G. Cooper); and San Diego (Mr. Henry Hemphill). The carapax of the largest specimen measures half an inch in width, and 0.34 in length.
Xanthodes ? novem-dentatus.
Front rather narrow, prominent in centre, and produced forwards; teeth of antero-lateral margin, nine in number; carapace transverse; chelipeds long, the right considerably the larger; manus long and rather narrow, with a slight double crest on the superior margin; corpus with several blunt spines; posterior feet somewhat compressed, with a few scattered hairs on the margins.
A single male specimen, from San Diego. Total length, 0.94; breadth, 1.25.
Acanthus. Nov. gen.
This genus is proposed for the reception of a singular species found at San Diego by Mr. Henry Hemphill. Its characters are: front, two-lobed, with a deep central emargination; antero-lateral margin, front, and whole circum- ference of orbit surrounded by long spines; carapax, narrow; antero-lateral and postero-lateral margins about equal in length; body, thick; abdomen of male, seven jointed. This genus appears to be near Pilumnus, but I can detect no trace of a praelabial ridge.
Acanthus spino-hirsutus.
Besides the generic characters given above, this species may be distin- guished by ten spines upon the front, pointing straight forward; a group of four on each side the central emargination, and a single spine close to the outer antenna, the second joint of which reaches nearly to its extremity; six or seven spines on lower margin of orbit, and four larger spines on antero-lateral margin of carapax, besides those on upper margin of orbit. Front portion of carapace and upper parts of all the feet thickly covered with
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 33
long stiff hairs, mixed, on the chelipeds only, with spines similar to those of the front of carapace. The whole upper surface of the carapax, the meros of the fifth pair of feet, and the posterior portion of the sternum are covered with a short and thick pubescence. Eight hand considerably the larger; fingers of both hands with several large, blunt teeth or tubercles on their inner margin. The spines upon the hands change gradually to tubercles as they approach the fingers.
Length, one inch; breadth of carapace, 1.12.
Eucrate? Calif ormensis.
Surface of carapace smooth, very slightly granulate close to margins; antero- lateral margin three-toothed; carapace level transversely, but considerably curved longitudinally; abdomen of male five-jointed; right hand considerably larger than the left; hand broad and thin; laminate on superior margin; carpus with a spine on the interior distal margin; four hinder pairs of legs rounded, tarsi pointed.
The aspect of this species is exactly that of Stimpson's Speocarcmus Caroli- nensis, as figured in Notes on North American Crustacea, No. 1, but the abdo- men is different.
Width, 1.06 inch; length, 0.82 inch.
The only specimen (dried) is from San Diego.
Pseudosquilla marmorata.
Carapace much narrowed in front, as in Squilla, but the body stiff and without carinas upon the thoracic or abdominal segments, except upon the two last. Penultimate segment with two central spines flanked on each side by two lateral ones; a central carina, and five lateral ones on each side of the apical segment of abdomen. The central carina terminates in a spine, flanked just beneath by the two movable spines, counting from which, on each side are, 1st, a small blunt spine; 2d, a small acute spine; 3d, a large acute spine; 1th, a very small acute one; and 5th, a bluntish spine formed by ihe union of the two outermost carinas of the last abdominal segment; the penult joint of the caudal appendages armed with nine spines, the last as long as the last joint of those appendages; first joint of caudal appendages prolonged backwards into a spine almost as long as the remaining two joints, and armed on its inner edge with two strong spines; antennary plate produced into an acicular spine, movable finger with two spines only on its interior edge; three movable spines at proximal end of manus.
The whole of the upper surface of this rare and beautiful crustacean is marbled, in its dry state, with yellowish brown spots on a dark brown ground, while the tips of the caudal appendages are a vivid red.
Length, from tip of rostrum to tip of movable spines, 3.80 inches; of carapace only, 0.82 inch; width of abdomen, 0.63 inch.
This siugle specimen in this collection was found at low tide, on sandy mud fiats at San Diego.
This and Squilla De-saussurei, Stimpson, are, so far as I am aware, the only Stomapoda yet discovered on the shores of California.
Peoc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Vol. VII.— 3.
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
Crangon nigromaculata .
Carapace with a single spine on the gastric region near the rostrum, and a larger spine on each hepatic region. Suborbital and antennal spines pres- ent. Inner antenna? about equal in length to movable scale of outer anten- nae, and the base of outer antennae about half as long as its movable scale; Dactylos of first pair of feet transverse, short; an oval black spot on each side of the abdomen just anterior to the caudal processes.
Three specimens from San Diego, dredged in six fathoms of water.
Total length of largest specimen from tip of antennal scale to tip of tail, 2% inches; of body from tip of rostrum, 2.06 inches.
This species can readily be distinguished from all others by the black spot upon each side of the tail; it appears to be nearly* allied to C. nigricauda.— Stimpson.
Crangon Alaskensis.
Rostrum very short and pointed; spines of carapace, as in nigromaculata: inner antenna? scarcely as long as movable scale of outer antenna?; movable finger of first pair of legs rather long, oblique; hands, carapace, and abdo- men in preserved specimens (alcoholic), clothed with minute black spots.
This species may be distinguished from C. nigricauda, which it much resem- bles, by the greater obliquity of the palm of the hand, the different coloration, and the smaller size.
Length of body, 1.45 inches.
Several specimens from Mutiny Bay, Alaska, presented by the U. S. Coast Survey.
Alpheus bellimanus.
At the time of the publication of Stimpson 's Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific Shores, no species of Alphceus had been detected in California, but recently two species have been collected by Mr. Henry Hemphill, of San Diego. The present species may be easily recognized by the beautiful coloring of its hands, which, in a dried specimen, are orange, with various spots and workings of black and white.
Movable finger of larger hand small, depressed, and closing in a plane oblique to that of the manus, which is furnished with a spine on its outer edge, and a second beneath, has a toothed margin opposed to that of the dactylos, and presents two longitudinal grooves on its under surface, the ante- rior groove terminating in a transverse depression; in the smaller hand the dac- tylos is laminate and in the same plane with the hand, which has an exterior spine like that of larger hand, and another on its inferior surface. The fixed finger of the larger hand is longitudinal, and has an almost straight edge; the annulations of the carpus of second pair are only four in number; there is no tooth on the lower apex of the third joint of the third and fourth pairs of legs.
Two specimens from San Diego, found among kelp.
Length of larger specimen, from joint of rostrum to end of abdomen, 1.20 inches; length of larger hand, half an inch, of smaller, 0.38.
The carapace presents traces of a similar coloration to that of the hands.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 35
Alpheus equidactylus.
A single dried specimen, broken, from Monterey, is all that we possess of this very distinct species. The larger hand has a transverse sulcus imme- diately posterior to the finger, and the movable and fixed fingers are of equal length and extended in the same place with the hand. The rostrum is narrow and sharp.
Length, 0.75 inch. The fingers of the chelae shut close together when the hand is closed.
Betceus longidactylus.
Form much more compressed than in alpheus bellimanus ; hands similar in form; long and compressed; the fixed finger half the length of the hand, the movable one more than half that length; the fingers when closed gape widely; both are pointed at the end, and the points cross each other like the mandi- bles of a Loxia. At the origin of the movable finger an; several teeth, opposed to two large ones upon the haud itself, which also bears a large tooth in the centre of the length of the fixed finger.
Color of carapace of dried specimen, green, with nuances of russet and olive. The finuers of the larger hand are light red, the tips green.
Length of carapace, 1.12 inch; of larger hand, 0.56 inch; of smaller, 0.36 in.
A single specimen from San Diego, on a saudy mud flat, between tides.
Hippolyte ? Hemphillii .
I give this provisional name to a single specimen (dried), brought from San Diego by Henry Hemphill. Several of the feet are wanting, and the specimen is distorted so as to render a detailed description impossible. The rostrum is short and has four teeth, besides the long terminal tooth. The limbs are handed transversely with alternate dark and light tints.
Length, 1 inch.
Hippolyte lineata.
Rostrum less than half the length of the carapace, armed with seven teeth on the upper side (including the terminal one), and three on the lower; the two hinder teeth only are on the carapace, and are longer, but not higher than the others; outer maxillipeds reaching to the tip of the movable scale of outer antenna?; hands of first pair small and slender. The most noticeable charac- teristic of this species is the presence of eight longitudinal lines of a tint lighter than the ground color of the body. Upon the carapace these eight lines become broken up, and mingled with other markings, producing a pattern resembling that of watered silk. Two dried specimens from San Diego, collected between tides, and one larger one, in alcohol, presented by Henry Edwards.
Length of largest specimen, from tip of rostrum to end of abdomen, 2% inches.
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
Idotcp.a rectilinea.
Body, slender; not increasing .in width backwards; all the segments of the thorax equal in width, and the abdomen rectilinear, nearly as wide as the thorax; first two segments of abdomen, distinct; total length of abdomen about equal to that of last three thoracic segments; posterior extremity obtusely pointed. Thoracic segments equal in length. Outer antennae, long; the peduncle equal in length to the three first segments of body; flagellum broken in both specimens. Color, various; one dried specimen almost entirely black, the other with a black line down centre of body, the rest of which is yellowish.
Length, 0.80 inch. "Width, 0.17 inch. San Diego.
Serolis carinatus.
Thorax and abdomen conspicuously keeled upon the centre of every seg- ment; the first segment slightly waved on its posterior margin, the curve of the segments increasing rapidly, in such a manner that the last entirely en- closes the free abdominal segments on their sides. Caudal segment rounded at the extremity, with two marginal teeth on each side, at a considerable dis- tance from the extremity, the central carina running the entire length of the segment; last basal joint of inner antennas longer than rthe flagellum; flagel- lum of outer antennae much shorter than either of the two of the preceding basal joints, and last basal joint about equal in length to the penultimate. Eyes large, reniform, consjjicuous. The texture of the upper surface of a dried specimen, under a two-thirds power, has a somewhat squamate appear- ance. Color, a grayish brown, diversified with dots and irregular markings of black; hands long and slender; dactylos equal in length to the manus.
Two specimens from San Diego. Length, 0.21 inches; width, 0.16 inches.
T. A. Blake read portions of a petition to Congress, from the Boston Society of Civil Engineers, relating to the adoption of the Metric system of weights and measures.
On motion, the Chair was requested to appoint a committee in regard to the memorial.
The Vice-President informed the Academy that Dr. Gerhard Kohlfs had kindly consented to lecture before the Academy upon his travels in Africa during the years 1860 and 1867; the lecture to be delivered the Monday following this announcement.
On motion of Dr. Stout, Dr. Rohlfs was invited to become the guest of the Academy during his stay in San Francisco.
The judges of election reported having duly filed the certifi- cate of election with the County Clerk.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 37
Regular Meeting, February 21, 1876.
In the absence of the President and Vice-Presidents, Dr. Henry Gibbons was called to the Chair.
Nineteen members present.
Chas. F. Dio Hastings was proposed as a life member.
Donations to Museum: J. G. Lemmon of Sierra Valley pre- sented twenty-five specimens of plants. T. J. Butler, of Arizona, presented a number of minerals. From Henry Edwards specimen of Chiropsis nebidostis. From Mr. Harford, Glypidella Callomar- ginata and parasite worm on Glypltis aspera. Ascidian from Santa Rosa Island, Vermes from Santa Rosa Island, common under stones. From Mr. Baldwin, Lysiosquilla. From Gen. Cobb, Pelecanus eryikrorliynchus.
On the first of March, 1875, at the regular meeting of the Academy, a box of minerals from Australia was presented by Mr. E. O. McDevitt, through Gen. John Hewston, Jr. Having no place to put them, the box was not opened until recently, and was found to contain forty-eight specimens of minerals, seven teen fossils, six photographs, and a map of the tin fields of Queensland — all of which were exhibited. Eleven of these specimens are gold-bearing, three of lead ores, eight, of cop- per ores, two of cinnabar in quartz associated with blue and green carbonates of copper disseminated through the quartz — these two are handsome specimens; there are none like them in the museum; two of antimony ores, specimens of Herschelite (a variety of Gmelinite), bismutite (a carbonate of bismuth), drift in which diamonds are found; a very interesting series of specimens from the tin fields, comprising tin crystals in quartz, wash dirt in which tin is found, stream tin, pebbles from tin washings, a smoky quartz crystal from the tin washings tourmaline (or schoolsand, being worn grains called by the miners sham tin), titaniferous iron sand (also called sham tin), bed rock of lode tiu with tin crystals, and metallic
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
tin from the Queensland Tin Smelting works. There are also coal, chromic iron, granite, marble and other specimens. There are seventeen fossils, nine of which are fossil shells, two of fossil wood, one of the teredo in fossil wood, and shales from the coal mines containing impressions of leaves and ferns. Two photographs are of mummies, and four of birds, with their nests. From J. G. Lemmon, Botrychium ternatum, Marselia vestita, Glossopetalon Nevadensis, Darlingtonia Galifornica, Ivesia Picker- ingii, Ivesia Gordoni, Ivesia unguiculata , Gyciademia humilus, Ranunculus Lemmoni, Astragalus Lemmoni, A. pulsifera, Webberi, Polemonium humile (var.), Eriogonum ursinum, Ash-agalus Gasei (new species), Eriogonum, Blitum carinalum, Gentiana Newberyi, Horkelia (sp.), Ivesia Webberi, Ranunculus oxynotus, Viola Lem- moni, Gorydalis Gaseana, Draba aurea, Sanicula Nevadensis, Antennaria microcephalum, Hulsea cecaule, Scutellaria nana, Emmenanthu* pusillus, Phoradendron librocedri, Glyptopleura mar- ginafa, Leucothce Davis<e, Phacelia procera, Parnassia parviflora, Acerates atropurpu.rea, Cijnoglossum occidentalis, Cuphosbia (new species), Platyspermum scapigernum, Potentilla Pattensis.
Dr. Kellogg made some remarks on a plant presented.
Mr. Scupham asked for information on a plant which had the property of coagulating milk, like rennet.
Dr. Behr stated that the plant from which quassia comes has this property.
Dr. Gibbons said that Gratiola Virginia) also had the property. Medical writers state that quassia is one of the best bitters known. He also spoke of the peculiarities of certain plants which were harmless to man and injurious to animals, and vice versa. He spoke of plants injurious to fleas, stating that the impression that the Yerba Buena leaves would drive away fleas was incorrect. The powder of Artemesia filifolia is fatal to fleas.
A discussion ensued concerning the poison oak, and the liability of some persons being poisoned while others escaped its evil effects.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 39
Regular Meeting, March 6th, 1876. President in the Chair. Thirty-eight members present.
The following- new members were elected:
Louis Janiu, James D. Hague, H. S. Craven, C. A. Stetefeldt, C. W. Lightner, E. B. Dorsey, W. A. Skidmore, Howard Schuyler, Hamilton Smith, Jr., Alfred Poett, W. H. Hall, J. S. Curtis, Chas. Barton Hill
Dr. Stout, Curator of Ethnology, called the attention of the Academy to the peculiar sarcophagus in which the remains of the late Benjamin P. Avery had been brought from China. As there wyas a likelihood that this sarcophagus might come into the possession of the Academy, Dr. Stout wished a resolution passed aiithorizing the Curator of Ethnology to receive it.
On motion, Dr. Stout was appointed a Committee of one to receive the sarcophagus for the collection.
The President exhibited specimens of boomerangs, such as were used by the California Indians. They were in general similar to those used in Australia, though some minor points of difference are noticeable.
The President stated that he proposed to present verbally to the Academy some of the results of the experience gained during his recent trip of eighteen months duration. His travels had extended to Japan, India, Egypt, and parts of Europe, the principal object being the gathering of information with regard to the different late improvements in civil engineering in general, but more especially in the departments of River and Harbor improvements, and irrigation. He theu made a short general statement regarding his trip.
A letter was read from Sir Edward Thornton with reference to the Albert Medal which is awarded annually by the society for the encouragement of arts, for distinguished merit in pro- moting arts, sciences and manufactures. Suggestions are invited from the Academy.
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
The resignation of W. J. Fisher as Librarian was tendered, and referred to the Council.
On motion of Dr. Stout, a vote of welcome was passed "to our returned President."
General Colton, of the Board of Trustees, stated that a letter had been received by the Board from the Central Pacific Railroad Company asking the use of certain ethnological specimens for exhibition with their collection at the Centennial. Mr. Scupham, a member of the Academy, would have personal charge of the Railroad Company's collection, and would take equal care of the objects loaned by the Society. He moved that the articles be loaned for the purpose specified.
Mr. Scupham explained that it was intended to make as full a display as possible of Pacific Coast material, and the co-operation of the Academy would be of assistance — the Company's collection of ethnological specimens being meagre.
The motion to lend the articles asked for was then put and passed.
Regular Meeting, March 20th, 1876.
The President and Vice-Presidents being absent, Dr. Hark- ness was called to the Chair.
Forty members present.
Chas. F. Dio Hastings was elected a member.
J. K. Nelson was proposed as a candidate.
Donations to the Museum: From F. A. "Walley, chloritic slate, Sonoma Co. From Governor Purdy, silver ore from De Leon mine, Sonora, Mexico, and gold quartz from Calaveras County. From Dr. J. M. Hill, quartz from Calaveras County, Cal. From Geo. H. Saunders, specimens of mineral resin, hematite (red ochre), larva and petrified wood. C. C. Bean presented silver ore from Peek Mine, Arizona. T. J. Butler donated specimens of calcareous tufa, argentiferous galena from Arizona.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 41
The Secretary read a communication from the President, giving data concerning the solar eclipse of March 25th, 1876.
W. N. Lockington presented a second paper "On the Crus- tacea of California," containing a description of seventeen new species.
Description of Seventeen New Species of Crustacea.
BY W. N. LOCKINGTON.
Platypes, nov. gen.
Rostrum simple, post and pre-orbital spines wanting, hinder feet laminate.
Platypes edenlata. nov. sp.
Rostrum laminate, triangular, simple; carapace tuberculate, the tubercles not prominent, and each covered with smaller tubercles.
Form of carapace broad, pyriform; antero-lateral margin not well defined, indistinctly lobed; postero-lateral and posterior margins forming a continuous curve, without spines or projections. Eyes not projecting, rostrum and an- tero-lateral margin forming a continuous line.
Propodus of first pair smooth, obloug; fixed finger and dactylos closing only at the tips, which are somewhat spoon-shaped, manus with an alveolate up- per edge. Hinder four pairs broadly laminate.
Length of largest specimen, a female, 0.44, greatest width, 0.38.
Three specimens of this small and curious species from Mazatlan, presented by Hy. Edwards. Not having seen anything similar, or met with any generic description which seems to apply in every respect, 1 propose to make it the type of a new genus.
Atergatis cristatissimo .
Carapace transverse, elliptic, the front and antero-lateral border forming the greater portion of an ellipse, the front not projecting beyond the line of the ellipse. Antero-lateral margin cristate, the crest divided by short sulci into four lobes, of which the 2d is short, the 1st and 3d long, and the 4th turns somewhat abruptly inwards, the crest ending half way along the postero- lateral border, which is short and only slightly concave. Front slightly waved. Areolation distinct upon the central and antero-lateral regions, but becoming obsolete posteriorly.
Chelipeds about equal in size, manus with three distinct low beaded ridges on the outer side, and a sharp crista above, the latter continued along the carpus. Fixed finger short, with a long sharp tooth on its inner face. Dac- tylos cristate above, inserted some distance below the upper margin of the manus. The fingers are pointed at the ends, and knife-like on their inner edges. Hinder limbs cristate, compressed, claws long and sharp. Color
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
*
(dried specimens) a bright vermillion red throughout, except the fingers, which are brown.
Length, 0.50; width, 0.70.
The specimens are from La Paz, Lower California, and were collecUd and presented by Dr. D. E. Hungerford.
Xantho multidentatus. *
Areolets of anterior part of carapax distinct. 1 M confluent with 2 M, which is partially cleft by a furrow; all the antero- lateral areolets (1, 2, 3, 4. 5, 6 L) distinct; also, the postero-lateral (i, 2 and 3 R) and posterior (1, 2 P) suf- ficiently distinct to be made out.
The projecting lateral teeth are the normal ones, D being simple, E andT double, N and S triple. The upper margin of the eye is enclosed in a semi- circle of teeth, the outer of which is the first of the antero-lateral series. Two teeth intervene between the outer tooth and the front, which is four-toothed, and deeply emarginate in the centre.
Upper parts of hand and carpus covered with sub-seriate tuberculations. Posterior feet short, compressed, cristate.
The single dried specimen, a male, shows traces of a dark purple tint on the carapax and anterior feet.
It was collected at Mazatlan, by Mr. Hy. Edwards.
Acteodes Mexicanus.
Carapax smooth, unarmed, transverse, wide, antero-lateral border forming, with the front, the greater part of an ellipse. Teeth of antero-lateral border reduced to slight curves. Front somewhat waved, and slightly projecting be- yond the general curve of the ellipse.
Areolets indistinct.throughout, yet the median can be distinguished from the antero-lateral. The sulcus between the gastric and cardiac is well-defined, and mo'st of the sub-regions can be made out. Postero-lateral border only slightly concave, forming a very obtuse angle with the posterior border.
Right cheliped the larger, entirely unarmed, smooth; fixed finger with two large tubercles on the inner face, dactylos with two large and two small tuber- cles; the fingers not spoon-shaped, gaping, and touching at the points only. Left cheliped smaller, and differing from the right in the fingers, which fit pretty closely throughout their length, tips spoon-shaped.
Hinder limbs smooth, w ak, slightly heavy in the last two joints.
A single male specimen from Mazatlan, collected and presented by Mr. Hy. Edwards.
Length, 0.56. Width, 0.80.
The general color of the dried specimen is a dull reddish brown, inclining to red on the under side of the chelipeds. Fingers dark brown.
As the fingers of the smaller hand are distinctly spoon-shaped, I have called this an Acteodes, but it is evidently a connecting link between that genus and Actcea.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 43
Amphiirite Edwards'^.
Inter-antenual front four-toothed, the teeth rounded, and the central emar" gination by far the deepest. A deep sinus between the front and the pre-or- bital tooth, which is two-lobed; thus there are altogether eight teeth between the eyes. Antero-lateral margin nine-toothed, the teeth alternately large and email; commencing with a post-orbital. Meros of left cheliped (the right is wanting in our specimen) with four teeth on the inner margin, the tooth next carpus much smaller than the others. Carpus with a long spine on the inside, and four spines on the outside. Manus with three spines above, and three rows of small tubercles on the outside. Fingers sulcate, tubercu- late on inner border. Two transverse ridges across the carapax, one in the center of the length, divided into three portions by the sulci separating the central region from the antero-lateral ones; the other shorter, crossing the central region in its widest portion. These ridges are beaded.
Length, 0.87. Width, 1.25.
The specimen is a male, and was brought from Mazatlan by Mr. Hy. Ed- wards. This, and Lupa belli cosa Sloat, are the only Portunidas yet known on the Pacific Coast north of Central America.
Betceus equimanus. n. s.
Base of inner antennas three-fourths the length of base of outer antennae, flagella about half as long as those of the external antennas. Outer append- age of inner antennas about two-thirds as long as the inner. External antennas considerably more than half as long as in the body. Outer inaxillipeds as long as base of inner antennas. Hands of first pair of legs about equal in size, oblong ovate; dactylos with a sharp recurved point, and a straight cut- ting edge margined with setas; the cutting edge is opposed to a similar straight cutting edge, also margined with setas, on the palmar surface, which also ends in a sharp incurved point. The fingers gape somewhat at* the proximal end, where they are tuberculate. Second pair of feet slenderer than the third and fourth; but not much longer. »
Front curvately emarginate between the eyes, which are clearly visible through the projecting part of the carapace. Carapace recurved. Body con- siderably depressed. Epimera ( Coxa-) of second abdominal segment large, overlapping those of the adjoining segments.
Length of larger specimen, 1.05.
Two specimens, both females with ova, which in one case are large and evidently mature.
This species lives under the mantle of Haliotis rufescens, and the specimens were procured at Catalina Island by S ■ A. L. Brannan. Color in alcohol, a light flesh color, the liquor itself taking the same tint; when fresh, a dark purp'e.
Alpheus clamator.
Front tri-spinose, the largest point forming the rostrum, and slenderer than the others, from which it is separated by a deep sulcus ; the lateral spines quickly widening out into a shield curved closely over the eye. Carapace
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
smooth, body not greatly compressed. Epimera of second segment overlap- ping those of preceding and succeeding segments.
Flagella of inner antenna; about half as long as body, those of outer antennae more than three-quarters as long as body.
Hands of first pair of legs dissimilar both in size and form. Fingers of smaller pair straight, parallel and slender, closely fitting; the manus with a spine above, and a constriction posterior to the insertion of tbe dactylos. Manus of larger or right hand large, with a large spine on the outer side, continued as a carina for a considerable distance backwards, and with a deep sulcus above the carina. Dactylos short, curved obliquely downwards, thick and swollen at the extremity. A deep transverse sulcus between the dactylos and manus, ending in an oblique longitudinal sulcus having its origin on the upper edge of the mauus; from the latter sulcus a second transverse one is continued down the inner side of the manus.
Both hands setose, the hairs long and numerous.
Carpus of second pair five-jointed, third and fourth joints shortest, the mauus and dactylos slender.
Length, 1.05.
Color, in alcohol, a light flesh tint, much deeper on the large hand. A darker spot on the upper surface of the carapax, also on the anterior edge of the two first abdominal segments.
This species lives in pools on rocky reefs at low-tide level, and is capable of producing, by clapping together the fingers of the larger hand, a snapping noise like that which can be made with the finger-nail.
Collected at Santa Barbara Island by S. A. L. Branuan.
Idotcea pulchra.
Body stiffly articulated. Cephalic shield emarginate in centre of front form- ing two lobes.
First thoracic segment concave in front, advancing around the head; first f»ur thoracic segments sub-equal in length; 3d and 4th about equal in width; three hinder thoracic segments much shorter. Abdomen one-jointed, one 6hort partial suture on each margin near thorax, tapering to posterior ex- tremity, which is narrow, but concave. Margins of all the thoracic segments deflected outwards horizontally.
Flagellum of outer antenna? not quite as long as base, 16-jointed, base some- what setose. Inner autennae very short.
Length 1.15 in , breadth 0.52 in. .
When recent, the coloration of this species is very beautiful, consisting of red cloudings ou a lighter grouud.
The two specimens, male and female, in this collection were brought from the W. coast of Alaska, N of Bheriug's Strait, by W. J. Fisher, Naturalist of the U..S. S. Tascirora, Deep-Sea Sounding Expedition.
Idolaga. now gen.
Last pair of abdominal appendages operculiform, and concealing all the preceding pairs, as in Ido'.wa, but with four posterior pairs of legs, with
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 45
small claws, and the three anterior pairs sub-dactyle, as in Pterelas in the fam- ily jEgidm.
Idotaga longicauda.
Thorax increasing in width to the central segment, length of segments nearly equal, the posterior slightly shorter. Cephalic shield deeply emargin- ated at sides, each border forming two blunt "teeth. Epimera large, pointed, extending behind their respective segments, the backward curvature increas- ing with each successive segment. Abdomen at origin as wide as thorax, first three segments pointed on each side, the point directed backwards; fourth segment narrower and shorter than the others, and enclosed laterally by the third; terminal segment very long, more than one-third the total length of animal, and gradually diminishing to a truncate point.
Eyes remote, inconspicuous. Flagellum of external antenna? nine-jointed. First joint very long, flagellum about equal in length to base, which is hirsute on interior margin. Internal antennae reaching to near middle of ultimate basal joint of outer antennae. Fiist three pairs of legs sub-didactyle, with a short hatchet-shaped process on the joint preceding the manus, which is broad and margined with short hairs on palmar border. Four posterior pairs of legs with short stiff hairs on the upper margin of 3d, 4th, and 5th joints.
Two specimens showing a slight difference in the form of the caudal seg- ment, which in the smaller specimen has an obtuse angle on each lateral margin, at about one-third of its length from the extremity.
Length of large specimen, 2.80 in.; greatest breadth across epimera, 1.00 in.
Length of smaller specimen, 1.80 in ; greatest breadth, 0.66.
The larger one was found by Capt. T. W. AVilliams, in lat. 67.30 N., long. 163.02 W., near tbe coast of Alaska. The smaller specimen was found by J. W. Fisher.
The larger is a skeleton only, the smaller, a male, in alcohol.
This species is totally distinct from any yet found on the Pacific Coast, but, since it occurs so far to the north, it is possible that it may b| identical with some previously described species from the Arctic waters of the northeast of America.
Sphazroma olivacea.
Cephalic shield curved anteriorly, distinct from the first thoracic segment, which is but slightly longer than either of the succeeding four segments; last two thoracic segments very short. Abdomen with two distinct joints, the first marked with two partial sutures; the hinder segment curved posteriorly; caudal process not reaching beyond the caudal segment.
Length, % of an inch.
This species is exceedingly common in the lagoons of the salt-marshes at Fort Point, San Francisco, where it resides among weeds, or adhering to the underside of sticks, etc.
The chief distinctions between this species and S\ Oregonensis as figured by Dana, are the more projecting cephalic segment, and the small size of the two hinder thoracic segments.
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
JEga Hurfordii.
Sides of thorax almost straight, segments sub-equal. Cephalic shield rounded in front, eyes conspicuous, situated at the postero-lateral angle of shield. Abdominal segments five or four, last segment pointed. Exterior antennae more than half the length of body, flagelluni more than twice the length of base, miiny-jointed.
Epimera of all the thoracic segments except the three first, pointed be- hind, and extending further back than the segment to which they are at- tached. Claws of first three pairs of legs comparatively feeble.
Length, 0.63 in.
Collected at Santa Rosa Island by W. G. VV. Harford, under stones at mid- tide in muddy places. Numerous.
^Ega alaskensis.
Body broadest at 5th thoracic segmeut, sides regularly curved, 5th and 6th thoracic segments greatly larger than first four thoracic segments, 7th segment longer than 4th.
Head pointed in fronted, the sides continuing the curve of the thoracic seg,- ments. Epimera of 4th segment pointed posteriorly, as are also those of 5th, 6th and 7th thoracic segments.
First four segments of abdomen concave posteriorly, and ending laterally in a point directed backwards; 5th segment with a straight posterior margiu, pointed at sides; terminal segmeut a half oval.
Eyes large, conspicuous, not projecting. Antennae short, the outer reach- ing to the suture between 1st and 2d thoracic segments; flagelluni about equa1 in length to base. Last four pairs of legs somewhat spinose.
Color (in alcohol) 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th thoracic segments dark brown, a little dark brown on posterior part of 4th and 5th abdominal segments, rest of body yellowish; egg-case dark brown.
Three specimens, all females, taken from codfish caught in Ounimak Pass, Alaska, lat. 54° 40', long. 165°, by Capt, T. W. Williams.
Length of largest specimen, 1.30 inch; greatest breadth, 0.48 inch.
Lyqia septentrionalis.
Two posterior thoracic segments much shorter than the anterior ones, and greatly curved. Caudal stylets short, about half as long as abdomen.
Outer antennae about half as long as body, flagelluni with twelve somewhat oblong joints, somewhat shorter than base. Cephalic shield with a waved, somewhat two-lobed posterior margin.
Length, without caudal stylets, 0.80 in. Width, 0.45.
The sides, from the second to the sixth thoracic segment, are almost paral- lel. Two specimeus from Tanaga, one of the Aleutian Islands, presented by Mr. W. J. Fisher, naturalist of the U. S. Exploring Ship Tuscarora.
The general facies of this species is very like L. occidentalis, but it is easily distinguished by its short posterior stylets.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 47
Caprella tuberculata.
Inner antenmi? long with a fringe of long seta' on their underside; second, third and fourth joints about equal in lensth. Outer antenna3 without seta?, almost as long again as inner ones: flagellum somewhat larger than the two last basal joints; second basal joint larger than the preceding or succeeding ones; the entire base not quite as long as inner antenna?.
Propodus of 1st and 2d pairs oblong ovate, without teeth or spines, dactylos long and slender, fitting close to palmar surface. Manus of second pair spin- ose at extremity. Branchia? short and thick.
2d, 3d, 4th and 5th segments long, sub-equal, the 1st segment somewhat shorter, the 6th and 7th very short. The whole of the dorsal surface sparsely covered with small sub-spinose tubercles.
Length of a large female, 0.90; ditto, from extremity of larger antenna? to top of posterior dactyli, 1.75; of outer antenna?, 0.56; of inner, 0.30 in.
Several specimens, chiefly females, were brought from Icy Cape by Mr. W. J. Fisher, who procured them by dredging, at a depth of from seven to fifteen fathoms.
Megalor chest in. franmscana .
Body smooth; superior antenna? one-third longer than the body, the flagel- lum longer than the base, with about thirty-five oblong joints. Superior an- tenna? reaching to middle of 2d joint of inferior. Second epimerals longer than deep, fifth short, bi-lobed. Anterior feet unguienlate, joints scabrous. Hand of second pair very large, oblong ovate, with an almost transverse palm, having a low oblong tooth near centre of palm. Dactylus much curved, touching palm at point only when closed.
Length of body, 0.87; of inferior antenna?, 1.15 inch.
A single specimen of this species was found by myself among the debris at high-tide level, Alameda Co., Cal.
The antenna? in the recent specimen were red.
This amphipod resembles 0. scabripes, Dana, but differs /from the figure of ■ that species in Dana's work in the greater number of joints of the inferior an- tenna?, the shape of the tooth of the hand, and the proportion of the second epimerals. From M. Californiana, Brandt, it differs in the short fifth epim- eral, and the scabrosity of the feet.
(Edicerus Behringiensis.
Cephalic shield rostrate, the rostrum about one-third the length of superior antenna?, curved downward, pointed. Eyes moderately large, contiguous. First six thoracic segments much shorter, with a slightly raised keel in the centre of each. Seventh and abdominal segments long, the seventh thoracic and two first abdominal with the carina divided into two sub-equal teeth, the third abdominal with a long low carina ending in a spine posteriorly.
Fourth epimeral much longer than the fifth. Superior antenna- about * three-fourths the length of the inferior; flagellum twice the length of last basal joint. Inferior antenna? about one-third as long as the body, proportions like those of superior. Hands of first two pairs of feet oblong ovate, palms nearly
48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
straight, dactyli long, fitting close. Seventh pair of feet larger than the others, but not extending much beyond the end of the caudal stylets, which are nude.
Length from end of rostrum to end of caudal stylets, 1.25 in.
Four specimens from West coast of Alaska, North of Behring's Straits.
Presented by the Alaska Commercial Company.
Lysianassa Fisheri.
Segments of thorax about equal in length, smooth; third segment of pleon one-fourth longer than the second, with a well-defined sinus on the posterior margin, bounded by a sharp tooth below.
First epimera larger than two succeeding pairs, and extending forwards at their lower portion; fourth epimera largest. First joints of superior antennae very stout, touching each other, so as to appear a prolongation of the ceph- alon; second joint very short and stout.
Length, including stylets, 1.38 in.
A single specimen of the above species was obtained on the West coast of Alaska, and presented to this museum by W. J. Fisher.
As the specimen is unique, and dried in such a way that the four first pairs of feet are folded together within the epimera, it is impossible to describe them.
Mr. Gruber read the first of a series of popular papers on Ornithology, illustrating his remarks with appropriate specimens prepared by himself.
Regular Meeting, April 3d, 187G.
President in the Chair.
The following propositions for membership were received : Albert Arents, C. A. Lockhardt, Louis Falkenau, H. W. Reese, Emlen Painter.
Donations to the Museum: From C. B. Turrill, specimens of Balrachoceps attenuatus, Gerrhonotus, Actinemys marmoratus, Ples- tiodon, sp., Bufo Columbiensis, trout from Donner Lake, Bryttus, Myriapods, Arachnidce. From Henry Edwards, specimens of Diemyctylus torosa, twenty-seven specimens of Myriapoda, and sp. of Pseudobdella. From W. N. Lockington, specimens of Asterias.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. ' 49
From A. W. Saxe, borings from artesian well at Santa Clara. From Capt. Thos. W. Williams of whale ship Florence, eyes of the Balcsna Mysticetus and B. Sibbaldius. From F. Gruber, speci- mens of barred owl (Syrniiim nebuloseum) mottled owl (Scops Asio), and Carracara eagle (Polyborus thaurus). From Henry Edwards, Dyadophis mirabilis. From Col. Geo. E. Gray the following mollusca, Anodonta Galiforniensis, Physa humerosa, Tyronia 6'^///i/v/ft(Stmp.), and T. protect. From Henry Hemphill, specimens of new species of brackish water mollusk, Paludinella Neivcombiana, with descriptions. Also Alexia setifer from Kureka, H. B. , a shell forma also on China, but possibly introduced on this Coast by the Chinese.
Description of a New California Mollusk.
BY HENRY HEMPHILL. ,
PaludbipJla Newcombiana. Hemphill.
Shell thin, turbinate with four or five rounded whorls; apex sub-acute, last whorl somewhat inflated, subrimate, with or without three or four longitud- inal brown bands; aperture ovate, outer lip thin, inner lip appressed to the columella and somewhat thickened; suture deep; epidermis greenish.
Operculum with nucleus sub-central with 2% whorls.
Length of largest specimen, % inch.
Breadth of largest specimen, -^ inch.
Habitat, Humboldt Bay, California.
I found this shell cpiite abundant on the Salt Marshes surrounding Hum- boldt Bay, California, associated with Alexia setifer Coop., and Assiminea Cal ifornica Coop., both of which are also abundant. f
I take great pleasure in naming this species after my old friend Dr. W. Newcomb, well-known to the Scientific world, to whom I am much indebted for aid in my conchological pursuits.
W. N. Lockington read a paper on the anatomy and classifica- rion of Eehni or sea urchins.
Dr. Kellogg described a new species of the order Compositse, which he named Brickellia multiflora: *
Brickelia multiflora.
BY DR. A. KELLOGG.
Si cm 1 — 2 feet, woody, perennial, white, striated, erect; heads very small, (about five lines long,) 3 — 4-flowered, compound leafy racemes panniculately
Proc. Cal. Acad. Sol, Vol. VI.— 4.
50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
massed, oblong- pyramidal, terminal and axilliary racemelets clustered; leaves alternate, short petiolate, ovate-oblong, corneous, acute, entire (or sub-entire,) triplinerved, impressed glandular alike above and below, varnished and vis- cid, strongly recurved. Involucre 3 — 4-flowered, scales in 4 — 5-series, outer shortest, ovate, acute, varnished, viscid, granular and glandular, intermediate lanceolate, oblong, acute, scarcely puberulent, deeply striate-nerved, interior linear, elongated, mostly obtuse scarious, longer than the pappus, shorter than the corolla; corolla ochroleucous, five-toothed border expanded, branches of the style exserted obtuse, ciavate, glabrous; pappus white, single, very min- utely villous, much shorter than the corolla; achenia 10-striate, strife sparsely pubescent.
On dry rocky ledges of Sierra Nevada Mountains. Two or three feet high, spire shaped top; leaves varnished alike above and below, 1—2 or more inches long, % — 2 wide. Myriads of flowerets with thread-like branches of styles protruding, give it a yellowish hue, and the inner elongated scales glistening with white, so spangle the eye as to give it a peculiar arid appearance, not- withstanding the varnished green leaves intermixed.
President Davidson gave a very interesting account of the ir- rigation works now in course of construction in British India. The paper was accompanied by maps and diagrams.
Dr. Hale of New York mentioned a curious case of mimicry observed by him in the Santa Cruz Mountains, viz: a small spider exactly resembling the flower of the Madrono, in color, size and form.
Regular Meeting, April 17th, 1876. President in the Chair.
The following new members were elected: S. Lubeck (life) Joel F. Lightner, T. Bechtinger, J. K. "Wilson, J. F. Meyers.
Robert Chalmers Lord was proposed as a candidate for mem- bership.
Donations to Cabinet: Spider mimicking madrona flower, from Wm. Barber. Specimens of ore from Samuel Geddes, A. B. Stout, Barry & Patten, C. F. Kirchner, and Governor Purdy.
Captain C. Bryant, U. S. Treasury Agent to the Pribiloff Group of Islands, Behring's Sea, on the invitation of the Pres- ident, gave an interesting description of the seal fisheries, and of the fur seal.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 51
Regular Meeting, May 1st, 1876. President in the Chair.
Thirty-two members present.
Edward P. Morse, Walter Damenburg and Rudolph Thor- maim were proposed for membership.
Donations to the Museum: Rock Salt from T. J. Butler; mar- molite containing gold, from Gov. S. Purely; silver ore, (South Barcelona mine) from Louis Blanding; silver ore, (Leopard mine) from Mr. Marshall, through Henry Edwards; ten speci- mens Amianthus; specimens of common salt;forty-five specimens of copper ore from Inyo and Placer Counties, argentiferous gal- ena, flint nodule, from C. D. Gibbes; specimens roofing slate and purple slate, from Gen. John Hewston, Jr.; rock salt, from H. Robinson; six specimens rich gold quartz and amianthus, from Dr. J. M. Hill; Mus decumanus, from Wm. Barber; beetles from India, from Prof,. Davidson; Tubicola longijjes, from W. N. Lock- ington; Lockingtonia jluvialis, and Alloniscus masculosus, from W. G. W. Harford; four specimens of birds, from W. G. Blunt.
The President spoke of the tarantula, and presented and quoted P. Martin Duncan to correct a misapprehension concern- ing the insect.
Dr. Blake presented a specimen of infusorial .earth obtained from the hills about a quarter of a mile south of the N. E. end of Lake Merced. The deposit was known as the "chalk mine," and a considerable quantity of it had been sent to the Eastern States, as he understood, for the purpose of polishing glass. The deposit has been opened on the side of the ravine. So far as exposed, it appears to form a continuous stratum which has been cut into so as to expose a section of about four feet in thickness, although it probably is much thicker, as the whole hill for some distance seems to be formed of it. It was# traced, cropping out at intervals, a distance of 300 yards to the west of where it had been opened, beyond this to the west the sur- face of the hill was covered by shifted sand. The bed has a dip of about 20°, a little to the E. of S., and appears to be undis- turbed. The highest part of the outcroppings is at an elevation
52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
of about 200 feet above the sea, and the bed probably belongs to the Pliocene formations that are found cropping out along the beach to the south of Lake Merced. The deposit has been formed in this lamina:', and between some of these, ripple marks left by the retreating tide, are perfectly preserved, as in the specimen presented this evening. A microscopical examination of the rock shows that it is made up of silicious particles, evidently of or- ganic origin, probably the remains of diatoms, but no perfect diatom has been discovered. The earth would seem to be com- posed almost entirely of the remains of the silicious external covering of the diatoms. The more tenacious lamina that have preserved the ripple marks, contain a considerable quantity of clay.
W. N. Lockington read the following paper describing a new species of Colubrine Snake :
Description of a New Genus and Species of Colubrine
Snake.
BY W. N. LOCKINGTON.
Bellophis nov. genus.
Body deeper than wide except near the head. Head and fore part of body depressed. Head much wider than the neck with an obtuse snout. Scales smooth, rhombic. Cephalic plates normal. Nasal plates, 2; the nostril near the posterior edge of the anterior plate. A small rectangular breal. A large ante-orbital and two post-orbitals ; the lower smaller, partly in a notch between the fourth and fifth labials. Upper labials, G — 7, the centre of the eve over the commissare noiomma, between the third and tourth. '
Dorsal rows of scales, 23. Abdominal scutella? more than 190. Last ab- dominal scutella entire. Sub-caudal 45, divided. Tail short, about one- seventh the length of the body.
General color — Rings of red. white and black, the abdomen lighter but with traces of the same colors.
Bellophis zonalus. nov. sp.
Rostral plate broad; vertical, almost straight along its anterior edge; tem- poral shields large. Two pairs of ventral scutella?, those of the opposite sides closely applied to each other. Nostrils large, infundibnliform. Scales rbombic, increasing in size from back to sides. Snout, U<\> of head and chin black, then a ring of white over the head, eoutinuous with the white of the throat. About G2 black rings from head to end of tail, the first ring just be- hind the occipital plates. The spaces between the black rings filled alter-
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 53
nately with rings of red and white, of which there are 29 of the former color, and 32 of the latter, without counting that on the head.
The difference in number between the red and white rings arises from the fact that the red rings die out upon the hinder part of the tail, which has white rings only.
The red rings in many cases do not cross the back, but are divided by the junction of a pair of black rings. The black rings become wider on the cen- tre of the back, approaching, and in most cases, joining each other in pairs, but always at the expense of the red rings, the white rings being invariably continuous with the white of the abdomen. There are traces of red on parts of the abdomen, and the black rings can generally be partially traced across the abdominal scutellse.
The specimen in this collection has six upper labials on one side, and seven on the other, the sixth and largest on the left side, being represented by two shorter plates on the right side.
Length of body, 13 inches; of tail, 2 inches.
Abdominal scutelke, 198; sub-caudal, 45; dorsal rows of scales, 23.
Locality, Northern California. Presented and collected by Paymaster Stanton, TJ. S. N.
In Baird & Girard's catalogue, p. 153, Blainville's description of Coluber zonatus, of which those authors had seen no specimens, is given, and appears to agree in most particulars with the species here described, but the nostrils are hollowed out of the anterior nasal, and the color is different. Blainville describes his specimen as " Keddish white, entirely annulated with deep black, with two half rings of the same color on the head." It is very prob- ably the same species, and for this reason I have preserved his specific name of zonatus, but the entire last abdominal scutella, want of carination of dorsal scales, and smaller number of abdominal scutellse, appear to me to necessitate the formation of a new genus.
W. Gr. W. Harford read a paper describing a.uew genus and three new species of Sessile Eyed Crustacea.
Description of a New Genus and three New Sneeies of
Sessile Eyed Crustacea.
BY W. G. W. HAKFOBD.
Lockingtonia. n. g.
Antenna? not appendiculate. First three segments of the pleon dorsally carinated, and posteriorly produced to an acute point. Three posterior seg- ments of the pleon not furnished with fasciculi of spines on dorsal surface. Eyes, round. Telson, single. Habitat, fresh water.
The above genus agrees with Dexamine and Atylus in its non-appendiculate antennae. It differs, however, from the former in having the first pair of guathopoda chelate, three instead of four anterior segments of the pleon dorso-posteriorly produced to a sharp point, and from the latter in the man-
54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
dibles wanting the palpiform appendage. It is removed from Gammarus proper by having no fasciculi of spines on dorsal surface, no appendage to the antenna?, and a single telson. This is a very common Amphipod in nearly all our lakes and small streams, and it is somewhat remarkable that it has until now escaped detection. It occurs in great numbers in Lobos Creek, where our specimens were obtained; also in the streams of Alameda County, and I doubt not, may be found in any of the permanent fresh water ponds or streams along our Coast for a considerable distance north and south of here. It is with pleasure that I dedicate this genus to Mr. W. N. Lockington, whose ability and industry has accomplished so much towards an orderly arrangement of the Crustacea in our Museum, thus giving us an invaluable cabinet of reference for those who desire to pursue investigations in this interesting department of zoology.
Lockingtonia fluvialis . n. s.
Superior and inferior antennas setose. Superior a little more than half the length of the inferior antenna?, and much longer than their base. Terminal joint of inferior antenna? longer than the preceding; flagella twelve jointed. Flagella of superior antenna? ten jointed. Caudal stylets and legs setose; the latter especially so at the joints. Hand oblong-ovate, palm setose, oblique. Carpus produced posteriorly along the proximal side of the manus.
Hand of first pair of gnathopoda chelate.
Length, ■£$ inch.
Allonisms maculosus. n. s.
Cephalon slightly transverse, rounded in front. Outer joint of inner antennas sub-clavate, with four spines on its summit. Outer antennas spinulose at the joints. Flagellum multiarticulate, setose at joints. Last joint of outer antennas about one-third longer than the preceding. First segment of the pereion longer than the 2d, 3d, 4th or 5th. The 6th and 7th shortest. The lateral margins of the first two segments of the pleon concealed under the seventh of the pereion. Color light brown above, with yellowish brown spots, becoming darker in alcohol.
Length, /„- inch.
This is doubtless identical with some specimens of this genus which Prof. Dana had before him while describing his Alloniscus perconvexus, and which he says may probably be another species, Proc. Phil. Acad. 1854, p. 176. It is very near A. perconvexus, but maybe readily distinguished from it by its light brown color above, with yellowish spots, and its still lighter colored limbs, which are minutely spotted with reddish brown, and its more slender form.
We found our specimens on Angel Island among fern roots, Woodwardia radicans, early in March last. A few only obtained.
Asellus Tomalensis. n.s.
Head a little transverse, narrower than the body. Upper antenna not reaching to the extremity of the peduncle of the lower. Flagellum of lower
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 55
antennae longer than its peduncle. Body narrow in front, gradually increasing in width towards the tail.
Peduncle of caudal appendages more than half the length of the terminal filaments.
Length, -3% inch.
This interesting little Isopod was recently obtained by Mr. W. N. Lockington while collecting at Tomales Bay and vicinity, and is, so far as I am aware, the first example of the genus found on this Coast. In that excellent work, "British Sessile Eyed Crustacea" (Bates & Westwood), two species are accredited to N. A., but we find no mention of them by any American author we have applied to, and it is most probable that they were from the eastern part of the continent. We therefore venture to offer this as new. A single specimen only was found, although several casts of the net were made. It would seem, therefore, very uncommon in that locality. We hope, however, that by diligently searching the fresh water ponds and streams along our Coast it may be found in greater numbers, with, possibly, other species of the genus. I hope that collectors will carefully examine our fresh waters for this Crustacean, thereby enhancing the value of our cabinet, and aiding students in acquiring a knowledge of these very interesting little creatures.
W. N Lockington read the following description of a new genus and species of Decapod Crustacean and the male of Phyllodurus abdorninalis :
Description of a New Genus and Species oi' Decapod
Crustacean.
BY W. N. LOCKINGTON.
Family PINNOTHEEID^.
I
Tubicola. no v. gen.
Carapace extremely broad; fourth pair of legs much elongated, fifth pair rudimentary.
Habitat, the inside of the tube of an annelid.
Tubicola longipes. nov. sp.
Carapace broad, transverse, more than twice as wide as long; front occupying about one-third of the width of the carapace; anterolateral margins broadly rounded; postero-lateral somewhat concave, the two meeting at an acute angle in the middle of the side of the body; posterior margin straight.
Branchial regions largely developed, tumid; a long transverse depression in the carapace behind the gastric region ; antero-lateral margin bordered by a fringe of setae.
Third joint of external maxillipeds very small; second joint stout and large.
First pair of legs short, with short carpus and flattened elongated manus having a fringe of set;e on its upper border.
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
Second and third pairs of legs sub-equal, longer than the first, slender, ending in a sharp claw; the third pair slightly longer than the second.
Fourth pair immensely developed, exceeding in length the width of the carapace, terminating in a stout claw.
Fifth pair shortest, reaching to about the middle of the third joint of the fourth pair; usually held in an elevated position over the posterior portion of the carapace.
Width of carapace a little less than % inch; length, ~% inch.
Total length from claw to claw at fourth pair, % inch.
Habitat, the sand-constructed tube of an annelid.
I found this curious little crustacean on the tube of an annelid common on the sandy flats left bare at low tide in Tomales Bay. While digging for those sand-excavating lobsters, the Gebice and Callianassw, I found in abundance the sandy tubes of an annelid about six inches long, with numerous joints or nodes, each of which was surrounded by a circlet of seta3, by whose action the creature propelled itself at pleasure up and down the tube.
Believing the worm to be a new species, I gathered some, and while pulling the tube to pieces, and admiring the rich brownish red tint conspicuous at each node of my new prize, I was surprised to see a long narrow creature move out, as I believed, head first; but a nearer inspection showed me that the motion was sideways, and that the new-comer was no fourteen-legged amphipod or isopod, but a true decapod crustacean.
The short chelae, extremely lengthened fourth pair of legs, and short, broad body, are so many adaptations to the mode of life of this creature, which finds an ample dwelling-place in the space intervening between the body of the annelid and the inside of the tube; up and down which it moves with its long fourth pair stretched out in such a manner as to to give it the elongated appearance of a Caprella,
The width of Tubicola longipes from end to end of the fourth pair of legs is eight times greater than its length from front to back.
This is, so far as I am aware, the only instance known of a decapod crus- tacean becoming the guest or commensal of an annelid, for although the species of the family Pinnotheridce are all commensals, most of them reside between the folds of the mantle of large bivalve mollusks, such as mussels or clams (thus the Fab'm subquadrata lives within the mantle of Pach/desma crassiteUoides, a large clam of this Coast), and a few live within the tests of Echini, close to the anal aperture.
It is most probable that this worm and its commensal may occur in many other places besides Tomales Bay, possibly in San Francisco Bay, and I should be much obliged if some of our friends who may go out on a fishing excursion would bring me specimens, in alcohol, of the worm and its tubes, that I may find whether the crab is its constant companion in all localities.
The worm is one which is frequently used for bait.
On April 20th, the females of this interesting little crustacean was loaded with spawn.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. r>7
Phyllodurus abdominalis. Siimpson.
When Stimpson, in his Crustacean and Echinodermata of the Pacific Shore of N. A., page 71, first described this species, the female only was known to him. This female, like all those belonging to the family Bopyridaz, is of com- paratively large size, broad and clumsy in appearance, and lives attached to another crustacean.
The crustacean frequented by this commensal is Gebia ■pwjcttensis, a marine crayfish common on these shores.
About April 24th, I gathered a great number of Gebias in Tomales Bay, and found that most of them, all except the largest specimens, had a female P. abdominalis attached to one of the abdominal pairs of feet, to which it clung closely by means of its hooked claws.
A close inspection revealed, beside or near the large female, a small and slender male, a kind of miniature edition of its stout mate.
Never more than a single pair were ever found attached to one Gebia, but the males appeared so regularly to accompany the females, that I believe that in the few cases I did not find them, it was because they had dropped off in handling the specimens.
The males do not live attached to the Gebia, but are free to rove, and their constant presence at .this season by the side of the females proves that this is their season of love.
■Male. Head semi-circular anteriorly, closely united to the succeeding seg- ment. Third and fourth thoracic segments widest. Body oblong, boat-shaped, tapering slowly from the fourth tp the seventh thoracic segment.
Outer antenna? four-jointed; inner very small, reaching about to the middle of the second segment of the outer. ■
Eyes too small to be distinguished by a Coddington lens.
First abdominal segment a little narrower than last thoracic, but flat; suc- ceeding segments tapering rapidly to the sixth or telson, which is pointed at the end, and is provided on each side with a small lamella, giving the whole telson somewhat the appearance of a spear-head. "
The lateral laminre of the first five abdominal segments round in sections instead of segmental, as in the female, and considerably longer than the width of the segments to which they are attached.
The President referred to a letter on the subject of irrigation sent to him by P. J. Flynn, and explained some of the errors into which he had been led.
The President read a continuation of his paper on Irrigation in India, Egypt and Italy.
58
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
The President communicated to the Academy, by the authority of .the Superintendent of the Coast Survey, the following mem- oranda :
Determination of the Difference of Longitude, by the Electric Tele- graph, BETWEEN THE U. S. COAST SURVEY STATIONS AT SAN FeANCISCO,
California, and Seattle, Washington Territory.
|
Seattle |
fa ° * |
2; |
||||
|
East of San Feancisco. |
Mean. |
A |
Double Time Retaedatio |
, O ° 3 w a |
||
|
DATE. |
Seattle |
San Fran- |
1 < |
|||
|
Signals. |
cisco Signals. |
a |
||||
|
1S71. |
S. |
S. |
S. |
s. |
S. |
s. |
|
Sept. 12.... |
18.22 |
18.48 |
18.35 |
0.09 |
0.26 |
0.13 |
|
13 . . . . |
.22 |
.51 |
.37 |
.07 |
.'29 |
.15 |
|
14... |
.25 |
.74 |
.49 |
.05 |
.49 |
.24 |
|
19.... |
.31 |
.02 |
.47 |
.03 |
.31 |
.15 |
|
21 . |
.33 |
.76 |
.54 |
.10 |
.43 |
.21 |
|
28.... |
.30 |
.57 |
.44 |
.00 |
.27 |
.14 |
|
30.... |
.24 |
.01 |
.42 |
.02 |
.37 |
.18 |
|
Oct. 2.... |
.30 |
.62 |
.46 |
.02 |
.32 |
.16 |
|
8... |
.25 |
.57 |
.41 |
.03 |
.32 |
.16 |
|
9.... |
.27 |
.59 |
43 |
.01 |
.32 |
.16 |
|
12.... |
.24 |
.56 |
40 |
.04 |
.32 |
.16 |
|
14.... |
.38 |
.70 |
.54 |
.10 |
.32 |
.16 |
|
15.... |
.28 |
.62 |
.45 |
.01 |
.34 |
.17 |
|
18.27G |
18.612 |
18.44 |
0.34 |
0.17 |
s. s.
Correction for personal equation — 0.02 + 0.01
S. U.
Resulting difference of Longitude = 18. 42 ± 0 .02
H. M. S. S.
Telegraphic Longitude of San Francisco station 8 09 38.35 + 0.08
Hence Longitude of Seattle 8 09 19.93 + 0.08
OrinArc 122° 19' 58.59 ±1.2'
Observer at San Francisco, George Davidson. Observer at Seattle, S. E. Throckmorton, Jr.
Communicated to the California Academy of Sciences by authority of the U. S. Coast Survey, April 17th, 1876.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 59
Regular Meeting, May 15th, 1876.
President in the Chair.
Twenty-one members present.
The following new members were elected:
H. W. Reese, Albert Arents, C. A. Luckhardt. Emlen Painter, Louis Falkenau.
Donations to the Museum: From Lieut. Murray S. Day, U. S. Navy, the following articles from the " Ainos " of the Islands of Yesso, Jaj^an : one bow and three arrows, one of which is pre- pared with poison; one piece of Aino cloth made of the inner bark of the Mikapp, a kind of ash; also sword used in making the cloth; one fisherman's knife; one pair Aino socks, made of bark; one pair of winter shoes, made of salmon skin; one "Passu," or moustache lifter, used in the drinking ceremony for lifting the moustache; one hat, made of bark twine; one musical instrument, called the "Ka," played with four strings and two bridges. From C. D. Gribbes, thirt}7 specimens of silver, copper, native copper, cinnabar, pyrites and cpiartz crystals. From A. H. Nahor, specimens of silicified wood and gold-bearing cement from Iowa Hill, Placer Co., Cal. From G. A. Treadwell, thijty -three speci- mens of ore. From W. Colli's, a specimen of oak with a piece of some kind of mineral in the centre. From Henry Edwards, specimens of marmoratus, ostracion, Pegasus and Grapsus. From W. Cr. Blunt, specimens of Segnathus, and eggs of some of the RhinotalidcG. From Geo. Davidson, Coleoptera from Egypt.
Mr. C. D. Gibbesread some remarks on the minerals presented at the last meeting.
Professor George Davidson read a continuation of his paper on Irrigation in India, Egypt and Italy.
60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
Regular Meeting, June 5th, 1876. President in the Chair. Thirty-seven members present.
The following new members were elected: Rudolph Thor- mann, L. L. Hawkins, Walter W. Danuenberg, Edward N. Moor, and Robert Chalmers Lord.
Donations to the Museum: From E. S. Holden, lignite from coal mine, Alameda County. Bog iron ore from Cala- veras County; portion of tarantula nest. From Thomas Holmes, red hematite from Nevada. From C. D. Gibbes, anthra- cite coal from Pennsylvania. From A. B. Stout, trachite from Sonoma County. D. Buck presented silver ore from Lee District, Inyo County,' Cal. From Henry T. Compton, fifty eggs. From W. N. Lockington, four specimens of fish, and < ggs of the spotted shark. From T. J. Butler, Arizona parasitic plant. Bamboo plant from Professor Davidson. From James Lick, fossil tooth found in digging road to new observatory on Mt Hamilton.
Henry Edwards presented a paper on Pacific Coast Lepidoptera, No. 17.'
Pacific Coast Lepidoptera— No . 17. On the Transform- ations of Colias (Meg'aiiostoma Keak) Eurydice, Bdv,
BY HENRY EDWARDS.
Some five years since I observed that the females of this rare and beautiful butterfly were in the habit of hovering over the singular Legnminose plant, A iiorpha caJiformca, Torrey, and upon one occasion, I thought I detected one in the act of laying her eggs, but the most careful search for such demonstra- tion, though followed over the whole bush by the aid of a pocket lens, failed to establish the fact, and I believed that I had been deceived, and that the food-plant of the species must be sought for elsewhere. Two years ago, however, the same circumstances re-occurred, and in this instance, I noticed six different females alight upon bushes of Amorpha, and proceed as insects usually do in the process of the deposition of eggs. I again 'searched these bushes, and again without success, and I was led to the somewhat wild conclu- sion that the eggs are deposited at random, and allowed to drop to the ground at the base of the plant; the instinct of the parent trusting to the power of the
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 61
young larva to find its proper food, when, after its winter sleep, the plant should put forth its spring adornment. The Amorpha is particularly local, and not easy of cultivation, so I had no means of following up my observations, but by travelling some miles to the spots in which the plant happens to grow, and these being at a distance of from 30 to 100 miles from San Francisco, the opportunities afforded me were but few. Every season, however, I followed up the small trail which I had struck, and this year, I was fortunate enough to have my hopes of the discovery of the earlier stages of this charming species crowned with complete success, and at White Sulphur Springs, Napa Co., on the 7th of May last, I had the extreme gratification of seeing the caterpillar for the first time. Upon some plants of Amorpha, which very specimens I had carefully searched for five years, I found 19 examples in different stages of growth; and have since had the satisfaction of seeing all transform to the chrysalis state; and some few reach the imago. The species appears to be as delicate in physical habit as its colors are beautiful, and it feeds exclusively upon the plant on which it was originally found. I tried the caterpillars with Psoralen, Astragalus and Hosachia, among Californian plants, and with Cassia and Sivainsonia among exotics, but it would eat none of them, and no matter how dry the leaves of its own food might be, it devoured them readily, and appeared to thrive. The result of my first experiment with this species has been as follows:
The full grown larva? began to change to the chrysalis on the 9th of May, and by the 14th, all had gone into that stage; the first imago emerging on the 28th. I should add that in addition to the 19 nearly full grown larva which I brought successfully to the chrysalis state, I found four younger ones, two of which had scarcely passed the second moult, the other two being a little older. The whole of these, however, died soon after my reaching home. I have raised out of my 19 caterpillars, seven males and four females, seven of the remainder dying in the chrysalis stage from some singular disease. Without any mark to proclaim any kind of sickness, about the third or fourth day after the transformation, a livid spot appeared upon the basaof the abdominal region, and in two days more this was extended to the whole surface. By the end of the 10th day, the chrysalis had assumed a blackish hue, and withered completely away, leaving only the dry husk to tell the tale. No parasite has emerged from these specimens, nor does it appear likely that any such event may happen, as the remaining specimen was infested by a large Dipterous insect, common to many species of Lepidoptera which has already produced its imago. I regret that a knowledge of the egg has so far escaped me, but I hope to be able to furnish this fact before the close of the year. Mr. E. H. Stretch was kind enough to make a figure of the larva and chrysalis, which will be published in Mr. W. H. Edwards exquisite work on the Butterflies of North America. In the meantime I offer the following description:
Larva. General color pale yellowish green. Head rather small, bluish green, with a few short hairs in front. Body entirely covered with minute black irrorations, with a faint indication of a pale dorsal stripe. There is a very distinct white lateral stripe, enclosing the spiracles, which are bluish white and are surrounded by a yellow dash. Above the spiracles are ten well-
62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
defined black spots, around which the irrorations are thicker, forming a black cloud. Under side entirely whitish green.
Length, 1.45 inch.
Food plant, Amorpha calif arnica, Torr.
Chrysalis. Entirely pale yellowish green, surface slightly wrinkled, the dorsal region covered with white specks. Beak very sharp, and broadly keeled. Thoracic protuberance a long, acutely-edged ridge. The yellow dor- sal line is visible as in the larva. When the imago is about to emerge, the wing cases assume a darker shade, until the pattern and color of the primaries of the perfect insect may be gradually but distinctly seen. After emergence, the chrysalis case is pure white, and very transparent and glossy.
Length, 0.95 inch.
Width across wing cases, 0.28 inch.
First imago appeared May 28th, the last on June 5th, the average time in chrysalis state being 19 days.
Professor Davidson read a continuation of bis papers on "Irri- gation in India, Egypt and Italy."
Mr. F. Gruber re/id tbe second of bis course of lectures on ornitbology, illustrating bis remarks witb specimeus prepared by biniself. This lecture treated particularly of " Birds of Mi- gration and Soug."
Regular Meeting, June 19th, 1876. Vice-President Hyde in tbe chair.
Fourteen members present.
Donations to the Museum comprised a large gopher snake, from W. G. Blunt.
Mr. Dameron described a recent visit to Mt. Tamalpais, in Marin County, which caused some discussion concerning the peculiar mark on the side of tbe mountain.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. G3
Regular Meeting, July 17, 187G.
Vice-President Edwards in the Chair. Twenty-five members present.
Donations to the Museum: From M. D. Hyde, vial of mud from soundings made from the "Tuscarora." From Henry Edwards, Hi/la, sp., Eutcenia sirlalis, Allorchestes plumulosus.
In the donations to the library was a volume of the " Botany of California," to which the Vice-President called particular attention. It is now published through the munificence of certain of our citizens, the State Geological Survey having been discontinued, and no money having been appropriated to publish this work. As Judge S. C. Hastings had been mainly instru- mental in obtaining the money by means of which the publication of the work was insured, a vote of thanks to that gentleman was passed by the Academy.
W. N. Lockington submitted the following:
Check List of the Decapod and Tetradecapod Crustacea of the West Coast of North America.
BY W. N. LOCKINGTON.
The appended list contains 231 species, collected from theTvritings of Dana, Stimpson, S. I. Smith and Hale Streets, with the addition of above forty recently described by Mr. W. G. W. Harford and myself.
It is not unlikely that other Panaman and Arctic forms may have been described by American and European naturalists, whose works are not acces- sible to me; but I have worked in the belief that a check list was wanted, and that the only way to have one was to avail myself of the materials at hand — in the hope that those who have better materials, or more of them, will either be so good as to slfcid me their additions or corrections, or will publish a fuller and better list.
Even if this list should prove complete, or nearly so, as regards species hitherto described, it probably does not contain the half of those actually existing on the long line of coast stretching from Panama to the Arctic Ocean.
Only the more conspicuous species from the coast north of Monterey have hitherto been described, while south of that old city, and extending almost to Panama, lies a vast region which, so far as I am aware, has scarcely been searched at all for Crustacea, though its birds, reptiles, fishes and mollusks have been pretty thoroughly studied.
64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
Numerous Decapoda from Panama and Nicaragua have recently been described by S. I. Smith, and others by Hale Streets, yet the series of new forms given by them must be considered onlv as a sample of the riches of that region.
Even in and around San Francisco Bay we have found several new species of Tetradecapoda, and probably a systematic dredging would bring to light many more.
Very little dredging has been done along the coast, and that little has been confined to comparatively shallow depths.
The fresh-water streams) and. lakes of California, as well as those of Mexico, have yet to yield their quota of species for some future check list.
The Entomostraca and Cirripedia as yet described are very few, and these departments offer a large and inviting field to the naturalist.
It is my intention, from time time, to furnish the Academy with additional notes of the species already known, as well as descriptions of such new species as may be sent to us.
Some few of the new species included in this list may, without doubt, prove to have been already described, but I feel assured that this will only be the case with Alaska forms, some of which may probably range throughout the Arctic Seas, inhabiting both North Pacific and North Atlantic.
The names of the naturalists who have described species are given in full throughout ' this list, with the exception of Stimpson, which is abbreviated to St.
The species at present in the collection of the Academy are denoted thus *.
DECAPODA BRACHYURA MAIOIDEA.
Chioncecetes Behringianus. St In deep water. Behring's Sts.
Hyas latifrons. St Behring's Sea.
Hyas coarctatus. Leach Behring's Sts.
Hyas Lyratus. Dana In deep water. Oregon.
Herbstia parvifrons. Randall " Western America."
*Libinia? verrucosa. Lockington Mazatiau.
*Loxorhynchus grandis. St Santa Barbara.
Loxorhynchus crispatus. St San Miguel.
Omalacantha hirsuta. Hale Streets Panama.
"Inachus tuberculatus. Lockington
:+Pisoides? tumidus. Lockington San Diego.
*Microrhynchus ? Hemphillii San Diego.
Libinia affinis? Randall Variety of L. canallculaia. " Upr. Cala."
Chorilia longipes. Dana Oregon.
'Scyra acutifrons. Dana. Puget Sd., San Diego.
Othonia picteti. De Saussure Mazatlan.
Mithracuhis coronatus. St : Panama.
Mithrax armatus. De Saussure Mazatlan.
Oregonia gracilis. Dana Puget Sd.
Oregonia hirta. Dana Puget Sd.
"Pugettia gracilis. Dana Puget Sd.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 63
Regular Meeting, July 17th, 1876. •Vice-President Edwards in the Chair. Twenty- five members present.
Donations to the Museum: From M D. Hyde, vial of mud from soundings made from the " Tuscarora." From Henry Edwards, Hyla, sp., Eutcenia sirtalis, Allorchestes plumulosus.
In the donations to the library was a volume of the " Botany of California," to which the Vice-President called particular attention. It is now published through the munificence of certain of our citizens, the State Geological Survey having been discontinued, and no money having been appropriated to publish this work. As Judge S. C. Hastings had been mainly instru- mental in obtaining money by means of which the publication of the work was insured, a vote of thanks to that gentleman was passed by the Academy.
W. N. Lockington submitted the following:
Remarks on the Crustacea of the Pacific Coast of North America, including- a Catalogue of the Species in the Museum of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.
BY W. N. lOCKIN'GTON.
The collection of Crustacea belonging to this institution is tolerably com- plete as regards the species inhabiting the Pacific Coast from Cape St. Lucas northwards, and also includes many forms from Oceania and the Indo-Pacific, but is deficient in Atlantic, African and Australian forms.
The Pacific Island specimens are, for the most part, the gift of Andrew Garrett; while those from this coast, to which these remarks are confined, have been presented chiefly by W. J. Fisher, Hy. Hemphill, Hy. Edwards and W. G. W. Harford.
MAIOIDEA.
The want of a good scientific library on this coast is severely felt by any one who attempts to describe a new species, and I have never felt it more acutely than when endeavoring to marshal in their proper places the numer- ous novelties belonging to this group of Crustacea that have been brought from the Gulf of California by Mr. W. J. Fisher.
Pkoc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Vol. VII.— 5.
64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
Without type specimens of any of the European or Atlantic coast genera, with abridged descriptions of many genera, and nothing but incidental al- lusions to others, coupled by a reference to works inacessible io me, the task of identification is a hard one, and I therefore crave indulgence if, in one or two cases, a new genus has been founded where an old one would have fitted, or a species has been described as new because I have not seen the descrip- tion.
The total number of species of Maioid crabs now known upon this coast. including the ParlhenopidcE, two or three forms that may possibly be synony- mous, and one, the locality of which is doubtful, is thirty-nine, of which nineteen only are included in Stimpson's "Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific Coast N. A.," published in 1857.
Eleven new species are described in this paper.
Family MAIID^.
Sub-fam. inachin.ze.
1. Microrhynchus (Inachus) tuberculatus. Lockington. Proc. Cal. Acad.
Sci. Feb. 7, 1876.
The rostrum in this species is entire, whereas in Inachus scorpio it is emar- ginate and shorter; moreover, the proportionate lengths of the second pair and the carapax are rather those of Microrhynchus than of Inachus (as given by Dana.)
The present species does not appear to be very abundant, as Mr. Fisher ob- tained only two specimens on the "West coast of Lower California.
No. 1. Two specimens, male and female, dried. San Diego. Hy. Heinp- hill.
2. Chionoecdes Behringianus. Stimpson. Crust, and Echinodermata Pae.
Shores N. A., p. 8. At 80 fathoms, off Cape Romanoff.
fisikm.
3. Hyas latifrons. Stimpson. Prod. Animal. Evert. Ocean, Pac. Septen.,
24.
Like H. coarclatus but with the body shorter, wider in fi'ont, less tuberculated above, and with obtuse angles; the rostrum shorter and less acute, and the fissure of the superior margin of the orbit closed.
Common in Behring's Straits.
The Cal. Acad. Sci. possesses a single specimen of this species.
No. la. Alaska, dried. W. J. Fisher.
4. H. lyralus. Dana. Crust. U. S. Ex. Exp. 1, p. 86, plate 1, fig. 1.
Stimpson. Crust, and Echi. Pac. Shores N. A., 10.
Deep water on the coast of Oregon.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 65
5. II. coarctatus. Leach. Malac. Pod. Brit. pi. XXI, b. Milne Edwds.
Hist. Nat. des Crust. 1, 312. Brandt. Sibirische Eeise, 1, 79.
Stirnpson. Crust, and Echi. Pac. Shores N. A., 10. Behring's Straits.
Herbstia parvifrons. Randall. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., VIII, 109 Gibbes, Proc. Amer. Assoc, for Advancement Sci., 170. Stirnj>son. C. &E. P. C. N. A. Dr. Randall's description of this species is very imperfect. Stimpson and Gibbes give no description, but simply refer to the specimen in the Philadel- phia Cabinet. "Western America, Nuttall."
It is not improbable that one of the species described further on may be identical with this.
7. Platypes edentata. Lockington. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., March 20, 1876. La Paz, 3 fms. Port Escondido, Mulege Bay. Mazatlan.
By an error in my original description, the " manus " of the first pair of limbs was stated to be alveolate on its upper edge. It is the merus that is alveolate. The extremely broad depressed appearance of the four hinder pairs is mainly due to the abundant tomentosity of their anterior and posterior margins, yet the limbs themselves are considerably flattened.
The first pair of limbs, in alcoholic specimens, are of a bright, shining car- mine tint. The shape of the carapax is that of the Pisinoe, but the bifid ros- trum renders its position doubtful.
No. 12. Pemale aud two young specimens, dried. Mazatlan. Hy. Ed" wards. •
No. 18. Male and female, in spirits. Gulf of California. Fisher and Lockington.
8. Loxorhynchas grandis. Stimpson. Crust, and Echi. Pac. S. N. A., 12.
Stimpson says of this species, "taken off the coast of California, near San
Francisco." I have never heard of this crab in this locality, and it is never brought to market.
The Museum of the Cal. Acad. Sci. possesses two dried specimens, one, a male, from Santa Barbara, the other, a female, from Santa Catalina Island.
No. 10. Male. Santa Barbara. Mr. Lorquin.
No. 11. Female. Santa Catalina Island.
9. Loxorhynchus crispatus. Stimpson. Crust, and Echino. P. S. N. A., 13. I have not seen this species.
10. Homalacanthahirsuta. Hale Streets. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1871,
238. Panama.
Ala. nov. gen.
Rostrum bifid to base, deflected downwards; fixed joint of outer antenna? broad, the outer apex continued into a long spine in the same plane with the
66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
rostrum. Anterolateral teeth triangular, the two posterior forming a broad wing-like expansion.
The proper place of this genus is evidently among the Pisince, and its affin- ities with Iihodia (Bell) and Herbstia (Edwards), but the form of the carapax and of the first joint of outer antennas does not agree with either, while from the former it differs in having the first pair slightly longer than the second; and from the latter (at least from H. cordyliata,) in the presence of a pre-or- bital spine.
11. Ala spinosa. nov. sp.
Carapax with broad lateral expansions rendering it wider than long. Ros- trum, bifid, shorter than the base of the external antenna?. Movable basal points of antenna? short. A long spine, exterior to the antennal base, pro- jecting nearly as far forward as the rostrum. An acute spine on the upper anterior margin of orbit, and a much smaller post-orbital. Antero-lateral spikes three, beside the post orbital; the second and third forming the wing- like expansions of the carapax. Of these, the second is the largest, and the third is short anteriorly, but lias a long thin posterior border. Upper sur- face of rostrum with two rows of hairs. ■ Ten tufts of hairs on the gastric and intestinal regions, corresponding to the tubercles of those surfaces. Postero- lateral and posterior margins of carapax with a row of tufts of hairs. Chel- ipeds of equal proportions in both sexes, very slightly longer than the second pair; arm tubercular above, carpus ditto, mauus smooth and slender; dactyli in contact, in female, gaping in male; the parts in contact serrated on inner edge, extremities pointed. Hinder pairs beset with spines, each spine ter- minating in a bunch of hairs. Abdomen of female surrounded by a fringe of hairs.
Localities: La Paz, San Jose Island, Port Escondido, Gulf of California.
6 P
M. M. M. M.
Length of carapax 22 24
Width of " across lateral expansions. 23 26
Almost all the specimens are female, their abdomens laden with ova. They were taken in August or September.
No. 14. Male and female, in spirits. Fisher and Lockington.
12. Pisoides? celatus. nov. sp.
Carapax triangular ovate; branchial, cardiac and stomachal regions promi- nent, tumid; rostrum short, bifid to base; fossettes and inner antenna? small; fixed joint of external antenna? very broad, with a long spine as its outer ex- terior border, this spine forming part of the orbit. A spine upon the upper surface of the carapax slightly behind that of the fixed antennal joint, yet somewhat in advance of the eye, this (pre-orbital) spine divided by a trian- gular notch from the post-orbital, behind which, on the antero-lateral border, are two smaller spines. On each branchial region a group of two or three conspicuous spines, and some smaller ones on the posterior margins. The ciliate movable joints of outer antenna? as long as rostrum, fiagella about
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 67
three times as long as rostrum. Upper surface of carapax hirsute, especially upon the rostrum. Hinder part of sternum and abdomen tomentose. Chel- ipeds almost as long as second pair, without hairs; merus with about four teeth on its superior margin; carpus slightly tubercular; manus perfectly smooth. The movable finger occasionally has a tubercle between the base and the tip. Movable and fixed fingers serrated for half their length and interlocking on ' their outer margins. Hinder feet hirsute, short, a spine ou the upper sur- face of the fourth joint of second and third pairs.
Color, reddish-brown above, the hands and under parts white, marbled with bright red, the latter predominating on the upper surface of the chelipeds.
Localities: La Paz, Mulege Bay, Port Escondido, San Jose Island, all in the Gulf of California.
It is found under stones at low tide, and was also brought up at La Paz by the dredge.
The females have no tubercle on the inside of the dactyli, and the spines upon the branchial region are not prominent. They were with ova when col- lected, in the month of August.
M.M. M. M.
Length of carapax 20 13
Width of carapax 17 12
The females are rather less elongated than th9 males. The carapax in both sexes is exceedingly overgrown with corallines, sponges, sertularia, etc.
No. 16. Two males and two females, in spirits. Fisher and Lockington.
This little crab evidently belongs to the Pisince, but does not fit well into any of the genera given by Dana. The characters are nearest those of Pisoides and Herbstia, but from the former it differs in the presence of a pre- orbital spine, and from the latter in the great width of the fixed joint of the external antenna?, as well as in the small size of the chelipeds.
I think it not unlikely that this form is the Herbstia parvifrons of Dr. Kandall, (Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci., 1869, p. 107), but his description is so short that it is impossible to be certain; so far as it goes, however, tye characters given agree.
13. Pisoides? iumidus. Lockington, Proc. Cal. A.cad. Sci., Feb. 6, 1876.
I have received specimens of this species from San Bartolome Bay and Magdalena Bay, all of them smaller than the type in the possession of the Academy. Those from Magdalena Bay were dredged in three fathoms.
The first article of the external antennae is acute on its outer angle, but can scarcely be called a spine, the second and third are long, ciliated, and cylin- drical, in the last character differing from the generic description given by Dana.
No. 6. Female. San Diego, between tides. Hy. Hemphill.
LIBINItOE.
Libinia canaliculata? Say.
14. Libinia affinis? Kandall. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil, VIII, 107.
Gibbes, Proc. Am. Asso., 1850, p. 170. Stimpson, Crust, and Echi. Pac. S. N. A., 14. Hale Streets, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., 1870 p. 170.
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
I have lately found among the Crustacea collected by Mr. Fisher, two line specimens of a Libinia, from San Bartolome Bay, Lower California. They are much larger than the specimens described by Randall, and without tuber- cles interspersed among the spines. The species consist of a central dorsal row of eight, the first of which is the central one of a transverse row of three on the anterior portion of the gastric region. Two of the dorsal row belong to the cardiac, and one to the intestinal region. Nearly in a dh-ect transverse line with the first cardiac spine are two others on each branchial region; and in a direct transverse line with the second cardiac spine are a blunt spine or tubercle and two spines on each branchial region, thus forming a row of seven. Bight and left of the intestinal spine is a small one on the posterior part of each branchial region. Rostrum but slightly cleft, setose at extremity and on upper surface, not at all deflected; ante-orbital spine much smaller than post-orbital, which is broad and curved posteriorly; two spines on each antero-lateral margin, and two smaller ones near together on each hepatic re- gion, in a line between the anterior antero-lateral spine and the transverse row on the stomach. The outermost spine of the transverse row of seven is the largest. The feet are without spines or tubercles. The largest specimen measures as follows:
M. M.
Length of carapax 52
Width of carapax, without measuring the spines 39
Both the specimens are female.
I have never seen a specimen of L. canaliculata, nor Randall's specimen of L. affinis, but it is unusual to find an Atlantic species existing unaltered at such a point as San Bartolome Bay, remote both from the Isthmus of Panama and from Behring's Straits, and for this reason I should not be surprised if it should prove distinct, in which case I propose for it the specific name setosa, on account of its setose rostrum.
MiciPPiNa:.
15, Micippa ovata. nov. sp.
Carapax ovate, truncate in front, front narrower than in M. hirtipes, Dana. Post-orbital spine in the same line with pre-orbital, the two separated by a triangular notch. Antero-lateral margin' with five sharp spines directed for- wards, excluding the post-orbital, the lateral edge of which is elongated. Upper surface of carapax arched transversely, almost semicircular in section; tubercles numerous, but without spines. Chelipeds short, smooth, fingers serrate at tip. Hairs sparsely scattered on hinder feet and carapax, rostrum pilose, especially round the margin.
Localities: Port Escondido, Mulege Bay, Los Angeles Bay, San Jose Isl- and, La Paz.
M. M. M.M.
Length of carapax 21 19
Width of carapax at third antero-lateral spine 18 16
Length of first pair 19 12.5
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 69
Var. Icevis.
Rostrum, orbits, antero-lateral spines, and limbs exactly as previously de- scribed, but the carapax more broadly ovate, and without tubercles, and the chelipeds much larger in the male.
M. M.
Length of carapax '. 21
Greatest width at fourth antero lateral spine 19 .5
Length of first pair 30
This is a well-marked species, and exceedingly elegant in appearance. The male which I have described as var. lavis is the largest among several from various localities. The smooth carapax and laige chelipeds render it con- spicuous among the others, yet I am inclined to believe these characters only varietal, and not improbably only individual.
No. 20. Male and female, in spirits. Gulf of California. Fisher and Lockington.
CHORININ.2E.
16. Chorilia longipes. Dana. U. S. Ex. Exp., 1, p. SI, pi. 1, fig. 5. Stimp-
son. Crust, and Echi. Pac. S. N. A., 14.
17. Sci/ra acutifrons. Dana. U. S. Ex. Exp ., vol. I, p. 95, pi. 11, f. 2
Stimpson. Crust, and Echi. P. S. N. A., 15.
No. 7. A single dried specimen from San Diego, by Henry Hemphill, caught between tides.
Chorillbinia. nov. gen.
Rostrum long, broad, and emarginate at tip as in Libinla, but the eyes con- cealed beneath it as in Chorinus and its allies. Pie- and post-orbital spines acute, separated above and below by an acute fissure, aud together constituting the orbit. Carapax triangular.
18. Chorilibinia angustus. nov. sp.
Carapax triangular, narrowing gradually to the region of the eyes, the or- bits of which are salient. Rostrum long, emarginate at tip, the bifurcation divergent, extending only one-third the length of rostrum. Fixed joint of external antenna? terminating outwardly in a long spine which precedes the pre-orbital when looked at from above. Pre-orbital spine large, acute, sep- arated from the acute post-orbital by an acute fissure, both above and below. Antero-lateral margin with three spines beside the post-orbital, the largest spine at the angle between antero- and postero-lateral margins. Tubercles of carapax prominent, each culminating in a single spine. A tubercle with spine on the posterior angle. Movable basal joints of outer antennas setose, slender, cylindrical. Chelipeds slender, about the same length as second pair; merus (arm) with four tubercles above; manias smooth, slender; dactyli small, slender, in contact most of their length, serrate on inner border. Four hinder pairs rounded, slender, second much the largest; claws sharp.
70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
The whole of the upper and under surface, except the inner side of the hand and upper surface of the rostrum, tomentose, with longer hairs at inter- vals, and a row of the latter on each side of the rostrum.
Locality, Gulf of California.
d £
M. M. M. M.
Length of carapax 20 23
Greatest width of carapax 12 15
Out of the three specimens in my possession the female is the largest, but has the rostrum shorter than the males.
19. Othonia picteti. De Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zo dogie, V, 357, pi. XIII. f. 2.
mitei;aciD/e.
2D. Mithrax armatusri De Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, V, 335, pi. XIII, f. 1.
Either this species or the succeeding is most probably the M. armatus of De Saussure, but for the reasons given more fully under the next species, I cannot be certain of its identity, and therefore subjoin a description.
Rostrum bifid, the horns not lamellate; carapax broadly pyriforni; verrucose throughout its upper surface, the verrucas becoming spinose on the poster- ior portion of the carapace. .Exterior side of the fixed joint of outer an- tenna? with a long spine at the extremitj7, followed by a shorter. A short pre- orbital spine, separated by a deep notch from the post-orbital. Margin of carapace with five large spines besides the post-orbital, four upon the antero- lateral, the fifth upon the postero-lateral margin. A second row of smaller spines upon the sub-branchial region. First pair of limbs short; dactyli not tapering, obtuse and imperfectly spoon-shaped at end; propodus oblong, more than twice as long as wide, smooth; carpus and nierus spinose above, but without the smaller tubercles found on the carapax. Four hinder pairs slender, cylindrical; rnerus and carpus spinose above like those of first pair; propodus slightly hirsute, smooth; terminal joint (dactylus, tarsus) hirsute, ending in a recurved claw of an orange color. Abdomen six-jointed in the female. The whole of the upper surface of carapax and limbs, between the spines and tubercles, is finely punctate; and the whole of the lower surfaces tomentose.
A single female from Mazatlan, presented by Hy. Edwards, is the only specimen I have seen of the species.
M. M.
Length of carapax to tip of rostrum 32
Width of carapax from tip to tip of fourth marginal spine 30
Length of first pair 2S
L ngth of second pair 32
Color of the specimen a light flesh tint.
No. 3. Female, dry. Mazatlan. Hy. Edwards.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
71
21. Mdhrax areolatus. nov. sp.
The only species of Mithraclnce that have been, to my knowledge, previously described from this coast are the Mithrax armttus of De Saussure, and the Mithraculus coronatus of White and Stimpson.
De Saussure's description is not accessible to me, and the only mention I have of the species is in Stimpson's Crust, and Echi. Pac. Shores N. A., where the reference is given, and the locality (Mazatlau) of the specimen in the Mus. Phil. Acad.
Mithraculus coronatus finds a place in the " Catalogue of Crustacea from the Isthmus of Panama, collected by J. A. McNeil," by T. Hale Streets, but that author does not state from which side of the Isthmus his specimens came. I find the same species in S. I. Smith's " Brazilian Crustacea," from which I infer that it is not unlikely McNeil's specimens were from Aspinwall.
Dana says of Mithrax: " Articulus antennarum externorum Imus apice externo, duabus spinis lovgis armatus," but the antennal spines in M. dichotomus of the Mediterranean are very short, as they are in the present form. Mithraculus, however, "is stated by Dana to be without long antennal spines.
As the antennal spines in this species are evident, but are ' rather teeth or lobes than spines, I assume that I have before me either De Saussure's Mith- rax armatus or a new species — most probably the latter, more especially as, besides the doubtful locality, the proportions of the carapax given by S. I. Smith for his specimens of Mithraculus coronatus, do not agree with the present species, which has the length and breadth more nearly equal. I subjoin a short description :
Carapax almost orbicular, slightly wider than long; front four-lobed, the pre-orbital teeth projecting almost level with the two central lobes which con- stitute the rostrum. Fixed joint of outer antennas with two obtuse teeth on its outer apex. Antero-lateral margin with five teeth, including the post- orbital, third tooth largest.
Regions of carapax very distinct and subdivided into areolets answering to those of the Xanthine and Chlorodinae; areolets with punctate surface, without spines or teeth, and almost free from hair. Merus and carpus of first pair with spiuose tubercles, hand smooth, cristate above. Those of female similar but smaller. Posterior feet beset with spines on their exposed surfaces, and denselv pilose.
. M. M. M. M.
Length of carapax 1G 13
Breadth of ditto 18.5 15
Localities — Port Escondido, San Jose Island, Gulf of California. Found at low tide under stones and coral. Color, in spirits, light red.
If this species should prove to be new, I propose to name it Mithrax areo- latus. The females, when collected in the month of August, were loaded with ova.
No. 13. Male and female, in spirits. Gull of California. Fisher and Lock- ington.
V 72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
Fisherla. nov. ger.
Carapax orbiculo-ovate, depressed, with short preorbital and post-orbital spines. First joint of outer antennas wide, terminating outwardly in a long spine, which is followed by three others, which form the inferior margin of the orbit. Chelipeds of male, 2% times the length of carapax; those of fe- male shorter than the second pair. Fingers serrate, obtuse and imperfectly spoon-shaped at tip.
This genus is evidently nearly allied to Mithrax, but the great length of the first and second pairs of limbs in the male, as compared with the carapax, and the row of teeth on the external margin of the fixed antennal joint, appear to necessitate its separation. The general aspect of the single species here de- scribed is totally different from that of M. dichotomus or M. asper, which are the only two species I have seen figured.
22. Fisheria depressa.
Male — Carapax depressed, widely pyriform, the regions marked by slight elevations granulated on the summit, the margins and spaces between the ele- vations somewhat tomentose. Rostrum bifid, short, reaching to the- centre of the terminal joint at base of outer antennas. A long spine at the external an- gle of the fixed joint of outer antennas, succeeded by three smaller spines. Movable base of outer antennas as long as nagelmni, second joint largest, sec- ond and third joints slender, cylindrical.
Upper surface of carapax almost spineless, margins and orbits spinous. Or- bit with two teeth above and four acute spines below, the two anterior of which belong to the fixed joint of antennas. A row of teeth on the hepatic re- gion, continued outwards from the maxillipeds.
Chelipeds of male enormously long, ischium produced into an acute spine on its anterior border; meros rounded, as long as post-rostral portion of cara- pax, beset with acute spines on its upper surface; carpus short, tuberculated ; manus slightly longer than entire length of carapax (measuring to the end of the fixed finger) ; entirely smooth, compressed and broad, with rounded upper and lower edges; dactyli gaping, their obtuse ends imperfectly spoon-shaped and serrated, movable finger with a tubercle at half its length on inner border. Second pair 1 % times as long as carapax, meros similar to that of first pair, with a row of about ten long spines on its upper surface, and a single spine on the distal extremity of its lower; carpus with a few spines; propodus very slender, entirely unarmed. Three hinder pairs similar to second pair, all with a single spine at distal end of underside of meros. Four hinder pairs sparsely hirsute above.
M. M.
Length of carapax 27
Width of ditto 24
Length of first pair 68
Length of manus of ditto 33
Length of second pair 42
Length of fifth pair 33
These measurements are taken from the largest of six male specimens from Port Escondido, Lower California.
J
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 73
Female — Carapax as in male. Chelipeds shorter than second pair, fingers less widely gaping, no tooth on movable finger. In other respefets as in male.
M. M.
Length of carapax 21
Width of ditto 18
Length of first pair 24
Length of second pair 29
These dimensions are taken from the largest of eight specimens from Port Escondido and San Jose Island, Gulf of California.
Color, in spirits, bright red, the smooth mantis, undersides of legs, and buccal apparatus especially bright.
No. 21. Male and female, in spirits. Fisher and Lockington.
23. Mithraculus triangulatus. nov. sp.
Carapax as broad as long; in form an acute isosceles triangle truncated in front ; regions prominent, antero-lateral margin with three lobes. Eostrum very short, bifid, scarcely projecting beyond the line of the fixed joint of the outer antennas, which terminates in a blunt tooth, followed by a second tooth or rather lobe, forming part of the lower margin of the orbit. Outer antenna? ciliate, movable basal joints cylindrical, short; second joint considerably stouter than the third. Lower margin of orbit formed by the teeth belonging to the fixed antennal joint, followed by a small tooth intervening between them and the post-orbital. Pre-orbital tooth scarcely evident, forming the ob- tuse termination of the elevated orbital region.
Chelipeds stout, longer than the second pair by almost the length of the hand, arm tubercular above, hand and carpus smooth, the former broad and heavy, stouter than the arm; dactyli obtuse and spoon-shaped at end, the movable one with a single tubercle on the inner margin.
Hinder limbs tubercular on upper surface; carapax and chelipeds without tomentosity, but a few hairs scattered on the hinder limbs. Females much smaller than males; the chelipeds small, about equal in length to the second pair. »
Locality — Gulf of California.
d £>
M. M. M. M.
Length of carapax 16 13.5
Length of first pair .* . 27 11.5
Length of second pair. ... ... 15 12
Width of carapax across the posterior portion, where widest. . . 14 12
The areolets of the carapax are prominent, but without spines; but the two largest posterior lobes of the antero-lateral margin are tubercular, and there are a few small tubercles on each postero-lateral margin.
Color, in spirits, uniform reddish.
No. 15. Several specimens, both sexes, in spirits. Fisher and Lockington
24. Mithraculus coronatus. Stimpson. Amer. Jour. Sci., second ser., XXIX, 1860, p. 132; Am. Lye. Nat. Hist., New York, VII, p. 186; White (?), List. Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 7; T. Hale Streets, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Dec. 5, 1871, p. 239.
74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA
This species is mentioned by Hale Streets in his " Catalogue of Crustacea from the Isthmus of Panama, collected by J. A. McNeil," but that author does not state whether the specimens were from the Pacific or Atlantic shore of the Isthmus. It is found at Aspinwall and along the Brazilian coast.
TYCHIDiE.
25. Tyche brevipostris. Nov. sp.
Carapax an elongated rectangle with sinuate sides; rostrum short, depressed; laminate; pre-orbital spine long, elevated, produced almost as far forwards as the rostrum when viewed from above. A thin broad lobe behind the pre- orbital spine, concealing the elongated eyes except at the tip. Fixed joint of outer antennas narrow, and boldly relieved from the surrounding parts, sec- ond and third joints cylindrical. Peduncles of eyes inserted level with the fixed joint of antennas. Anterior portion of carapax bent downwards, poste- rior portion shield-shaped, the lateral and posterior margins overhanging, the latter thin. First pair of limbs shorter than second, scarcely projecting be- yond the carapax. Second pair about as long as carapax, slender; succeeding pairs similar.
M. M.
Length of carapax ... 17
Width of ditto 11
A single female specimen from Port Escondido, Gulf of California.
The general aspect of this little crab is that of a dried leaf; the anterior portion, deflected and somewhat pilose, does not attract the eye, while the shield-shaped posterior portion is very conspicuous. From the cential tuber- cle of the gastric region, which is the most elevated portion of the carapax, a ridge is continued outwards on each side